摘要
阅读过程涉及韵律—句法的交互,而元语言能力则被认为是阅读与韵律—句法交互的桥梁。语音意识作为元语言能力的窗口,指的是在口语和书面语加工过程中,对语言的语音信息进行操纵和运用的能力。目前,该领域的研究一致认为语音意识与阅读的准确性、流畅性紧密相关。本研究基于内隐韵律假说,以结构性歧义句的阅读加工为切入点,探究语音意识与内隐韵律之间的关联机制。研究结果发现:(1)语音意识对韵律—句法能力有预测作用,语音意识强的个体对内隐韵律信息更敏感,从而能更准确地运用内隐韵律信息对书面歧义句进行韵律解歧,使得歧义的阅读加工更准确,但在加工效率方面并无显著优势。(2)在歧义加工过程中,韵律—句法交互,共同作用于解歧,句法附着关系能够提供足够的句法及韵律解歧线索,使解歧的正确率显著提高。本研究从语音意识这一元语言能力切入,考察了韵律—句法交互与阅读能力的联系,为语音意识与阅读能力之间的作用机制提供了新的研究视角。
Reading process involves the interaction between prosody and syntax;while metaphonological skills,such as phonological awareness,act as the mechanical bridge between the two.Phonological awareness refers to the ability to manipulate and utilize the phonological information during oral and written language processing.Previous researches indicate that phonological awareness is closely related to reading accuracy and fluency.Given the fact that reading behavior involves the processing of phonemes,characters,words,etc.,phonological awareness can assist in coordinating the systematic correspondence between orthography and sound,thereby transforming visual input of words into phonetic representations.At the same time,prosody,as an important component of phonological system,is also an important indicator of reading ability,as in the process of syntactic analysis,readers not only analyze the syntactic structure,but also interpret the implicit prosodic cues.When exploring prosodic sensitivity,syntactic ambiguity can serve as the optimal carrier.Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in reading,and most of the ambiguous information can be resolved through prosody.Based on Implicit Prosody Hypothesis(IPH),this study examined the correlative mechanism between phonological awareness and implicit prosody by exploring the reading processing of structurally ambiguous sentences.Altogether 60 college students were recruited and each were required to participate in an experiment consisting of two tasks.Task 1 was phonological awareness test and task 2 was syntactic disambiguation test.In the phonological awareness test,each participant was tested from 4 dimensions:initial awareness,vowel awareness,tonal awareness and phoneme awareness.In the syntactic disambiguation test,each participant was asked to read the sentence on the screen and press the Yes/No button immediately after deciding whether it was ambiguous or not,and then disambiguate the sentence by adding the prosodic breaking mark“/”.As for the sentence stimuli,two typical types of ambiguous sentence were included:syntactic attachment and homophonic constructions,which have been suggested to be the best demonstration of the interaction between prosody and syntax.Besides,fillers were randomly inserted into the test stimuli in order to guarantee the reliability of the results.Finally decoding accuracy and response time were measured and compared between participants with different levels of phonological awareness.The results showed that:1)phonological awareness had a predictive role in prosodic sensitivity.Individuals with strong phonological awareness were more sensitive to implicit prosodic cues,and can thus more precisely use prosodic information to resolve syntactic ambiguous sentences,making reading processing more efficient.2)During the process of ambiguity processing,syntactic and prosodic cues are resolved in parallel,and the ambiguous structures with syntactic attachment were proved to display both syntactic and implicit prosodic cues to resolve ambiguities,thus improving the accuracy of resolution.3)Individuals with stronger phonological awareness can achieve almost 99%accuracy,while those with weaker phonological awareness only achieved an accuracy just above the random level.A possible explanation was that the deficiency in speech awareness skills might be related to more common defects in language processing systems,such as working memory.In general,this experiment discovered a potential relationship between phonological awareness and implicit prosody competence,revealing the impact of phonological representation on information processing in visual channels.Moreover,it provided a new research perspective on the interaction between phonology,prosody,and reading ability.Besides,it also demonstrated that phonological awareness can be cultivated.For children with atypical phonological awareness,targeted interventions should be carried out in a timely manner,so that children at different levels of phonological awareness can gradually develop and improve their reading comprehension.
作者
张可欣
于珏
ZHANG Kexin;YU Jue
出处
《中国语音学报》
2024年第1期3-11,共9页
Chinese Journal of Phonetics
基金
中国残联听语专项(编号:2022CDPFHS-08)的经费支持
关键词
语音意识
内隐韵律
结构歧义
阅读能力
Phonological awareness
Implicit prosody
Structural ambiguity
Reading ability
