Micro/nanorobots(MNRs)capable of performing tasks at the micro-and nanoscale hold great promise for applications in cutting-edge fields such as biomedical engineering,environmental engineering,and microfabrication.To ...Micro/nanorobots(MNRs)capable of performing tasks at the micro-and nanoscale hold great promise for applications in cutting-edge fields such as biomedical engineering,environmental engineering,and microfabrication.To cope with the intricate and dynamic environments encountered in practical applications,the development of high performance MNRs is crucial.They have evolved from single-material,single-function,and simple structure to multi-material,multi-function,and complex structure.However,the design and manufacturing of high performance MNRs with complex multi-material three-dimensional structures at the micro-and nanoscale pose significant challenges that cannot be addressed by conventional serial design strategies and single-process manufacturing methods.The material-interface-structure-function/performance coupled design methods and the additive/formative/subtractive composite manufacturing methods offer the opportunity to design and manufacture MNRs with multimaterials and complex structures under multi-factor coupling,thus paving the way for the development of high performance MNRs.In this paper,we take the three core capabilities of MNRs—mobility,controllability,and load capability—as the focal point,emphasizing the coupled design methods oriented towards their function/performance and the composite manufacturing methods for their functional structures.The limitations of current investigation are also discussed,and our envisioned future directions for design and manufacture of MNRs are shared.We hope that this review will provide a framework template for the design and manufacture of high performance MNRs,serving as a roadmap for researchers interested in this area.展开更多
Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has achieved durable clinical responses and has significantly improved the overall survival of cancer patients1.Among the ICB agents,programmed death 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD...Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has achieved durable clinical responses and has significantly improved the overall survival of cancer patients1.Among the ICB agents,programmed death 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)antibodies are used to treat various human tumors by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling.Impressive response rates with low autoimmune toxicity have been reported in 20%–30%of non-selected patients1;however,most patients fail to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or acquire resistance during therapy through unknown mechanisms1.展开更多
The melting process of solid-liquid phase change materials(PCM)has a significant impact on their energy storage performance.To more effectively apply solid-liquid PCM for energy storage,it is crucial to study the regu...The melting process of solid-liquid phase change materials(PCM)has a significant impact on their energy storage performance.To more effectively apply solid-liquid PCM for energy storage,it is crucial to study the regulation of melting process of solid-liquid PCM,which is numerically investigated based on double multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method(MRT-LBM)in this work.In this work we pay more attention to the effects of different Stefan numbers(Ste)and Rayleigh numbers(Ra)on the melting process.The results indicate that the PCM melting is greatly influenced by the Ste number and Ra number,which can be divided into the heat conduction dominant stage and the convection dominant stage,according to the onset time of convection Fo_(C).In order to describe the contribution of the heat conduction dominant stage to the whole melting process quantitatively,we firstly propose the ratio of the heat conduction dominant stage R_(pc),which can be defined as the ratio of Fo_(C)to the complete melting time Fo_(M).R_(pc)gradually decreases as the Ra number increases,and when the Ste number rises:R_(pc)=90.0%when Ste=1.0 and Ra=1×10^(5),R_(pc)=39.6%when Ste=0.1 and Ra=1×10^(5),and R_(pc)=14.0%when Ste=1.0 and Ra=1×10~7.A regime map about the effects of different Ste numbers and Ra numbers on R_(pc)has been further summarized.The discovered findings would be helpful in regulating melting process in the energy storage of solid-liquid PCM.展开更多
We demonstrate a high power,Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser in an anti-misaligned resonator.Based on the Faraday effect,a 1.61 W single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)laser is obtained with the double corner-cube-retro...We demonstrate a high power,Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser in an anti-misaligned resonator.Based on the Faraday effect,a 1.61 W single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)laser is obtained with the double corner-cube-retroreflector(CCR)structure,and the tunable wavelength is 1649.2-1650.3 nm.Additionally,we investigate the anti-misalignment characteristics when the CCR moves and rotates along the optical axis.Furthermore,by utilizing the Er:Lu AG amplifier,the maximum 2.32 W single-longitudinal-mode laser at 1649.6 nm is achieved.The beam quality factors M^(2) of the 2.32 W Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser are 1.23 and 1.25 along the horizontal(x)and vertical(y)directions,respectively.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125505,U23A20637)。
文摘Micro/nanorobots(MNRs)capable of performing tasks at the micro-and nanoscale hold great promise for applications in cutting-edge fields such as biomedical engineering,environmental engineering,and microfabrication.To cope with the intricate and dynamic environments encountered in practical applications,the development of high performance MNRs is crucial.They have evolved from single-material,single-function,and simple structure to multi-material,multi-function,and complex structure.However,the design and manufacturing of high performance MNRs with complex multi-material three-dimensional structures at the micro-and nanoscale pose significant challenges that cannot be addressed by conventional serial design strategies and single-process manufacturing methods.The material-interface-structure-function/performance coupled design methods and the additive/formative/subtractive composite manufacturing methods offer the opportunity to design and manufacture MNRs with multimaterials and complex structures under multi-factor coupling,thus paving the way for the development of high performance MNRs.In this paper,we take the three core capabilities of MNRs—mobility,controllability,and load capability—as the focal point,emphasizing the coupled design methods oriented towards their function/performance and the composite manufacturing methods for their functional structures.The limitations of current investigation are also discussed,and our envisioned future directions for design and manufacture of MNRs are shared.We hope that this review will provide a framework template for the design and manufacture of high performance MNRs,serving as a roadmap for researchers interested in this area.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(Grant Nos.82150115,82025027,and 32000517)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1105200).
文摘Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)has achieved durable clinical responses and has significantly improved the overall survival of cancer patients1.Among the ICB agents,programmed death 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)antibodies are used to treat various human tumors by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling.Impressive response rates with low autoimmune toxicity have been reported in 20%–30%of non-selected patients1;however,most patients fail to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or acquire resistance during therapy through unknown mechanisms1.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.ZD2021E002)。
文摘The melting process of solid-liquid phase change materials(PCM)has a significant impact on their energy storage performance.To more effectively apply solid-liquid PCM for energy storage,it is crucial to study the regulation of melting process of solid-liquid PCM,which is numerically investigated based on double multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method(MRT-LBM)in this work.In this work we pay more attention to the effects of different Stefan numbers(Ste)and Rayleigh numbers(Ra)on the melting process.The results indicate that the PCM melting is greatly influenced by the Ste number and Ra number,which can be divided into the heat conduction dominant stage and the convection dominant stage,according to the onset time of convection Fo_(C).In order to describe the contribution of the heat conduction dominant stage to the whole melting process quantitatively,we firstly propose the ratio of the heat conduction dominant stage R_(pc),which can be defined as the ratio of Fo_(C)to the complete melting time Fo_(M).R_(pc)gradually decreases as the Ra number increases,and when the Ste number rises:R_(pc)=90.0%when Ste=1.0 and Ra=1×10^(5),R_(pc)=39.6%when Ste=0.1 and Ra=1×10^(5),and R_(pc)=14.0%when Ste=1.0 and Ra=1×10~7.A regime map about the effects of different Ste numbers and Ra numbers on R_(pc)has been further summarized.The discovered findings would be helpful in regulating melting process in the energy storage of solid-liquid PCM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20214 and 62275067)。
文摘We demonstrate a high power,Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser in an anti-misaligned resonator.Based on the Faraday effect,a 1.61 W single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)laser is obtained with the double corner-cube-retroreflector(CCR)structure,and the tunable wavelength is 1649.2-1650.3 nm.Additionally,we investigate the anti-misalignment characteristics when the CCR moves and rotates along the optical axis.Furthermore,by utilizing the Er:Lu AG amplifier,the maximum 2.32 W single-longitudinal-mode laser at 1649.6 nm is achieved.The beam quality factors M^(2) of the 2.32 W Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser are 1.23 and 1.25 along the horizontal(x)and vertical(y)directions,respectively.
