Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage se...Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.展开更多
Acylcarnitines are metabolic intermediates of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids having vital biofunctions and pathophysiological significances. Here, we developed a high-throughput method for quantifying hund...Acylcarnitines are metabolic intermediates of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids having vital biofunctions and pathophysiological significances. Here, we developed a high-throughput method for quantifying hundreds of acylcarnitines in one run using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This enabled simultaneous quantification of 1136 acylcarnitines (C0–C26) within 10-min with good sensitivity (limit of detection < 0.7 fmol), linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.992), accuracy (relative error < 20%), precision (coefficient of variation (CV), CV < 15%), stability (CV < 15%), and inter-technician consistency (CV < 20%, n = 6). We also established a quantitative structure-retention relationship (goodness of fit > 0.998) for predicting retention time (tR) of acylcarnitines with no standards and built a database of their multiple reaction monitoring parameters (tR, ion-pairs, and collision energy). Furthermore, we quantified 514 acylcarnitines in human plasma and urine, mouse kidney, liver, heart, lung, and muscle. This provides a rapid method for quantifying acylcarnitines in multiple biological matrices.展开更多
A rich portfolio of emergent phenomena has been discovered in twisted two-dimensional(2D)moirésystems,including strongly correlated insulators,[1]superconductivity,[2]integer and fractional Chern insulators(ChIs)...A rich portfolio of emergent phenomena has been discovered in twisted two-dimensional(2D)moirésystems,including strongly correlated insulators,[1]superconductivity,[2]integer and fractional Chern insulators(ChIs),[3-5]magnetism,[6]and interfacial ferroelectricity.展开更多
We report a significantly enhanced anomalous Hall effect(AHE)of Pt on antiferromagnetic insulator thin film(3-unit-cell La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3),abbreviated as LSMO),which is one order of magnitude larger than that of ...We report a significantly enhanced anomalous Hall effect(AHE)of Pt on antiferromagnetic insulator thin film(3-unit-cell La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3),abbreviated as LSMO),which is one order of magnitude larger than that of Pt on other ferromagnetic(e.g.Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12))and antiferromagnetic(e.g.Cr_(2)O_(3))insulator thin films.Our experiments demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3)with fully compensated surface suppresses the positive anomalous Hall resistivity induced by the magnetic proximity effect and facilitates the negative anomalous Hall resistivity induced by the spin Hall effect.By changing the substrate’s temperature during Pt deposition,we observed that the diffusion of Mn atoms into Pt layer can further enhance the AHE.The anomalous Hall resistivity increases with increasing temperature and persists even well above the Neel temperature(T_(N))of LSMO.The Monte Carlo simulations manifest that the unusual rise of anomalous Hall resistivity above T_(N)originates from the thermal induced magnetization in the antiferromagnetic insulator.展开更多
Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignm...Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignments of NMR signals for some lowconcentration bile acids are still needed.This study combined 1D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and 2D NMR techniques including 1He1H correlation spectroscopy(COSY),1He1H total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY),1H J-resolved spectroscopy(J-Res),1He13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy(HSQC),and 1He13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy(HMBC)to assign the 1H and 13C signals of six bile acids in aqueous solution at physiological pH(~7.4)and nine bile acids in methanol.These data are of importance to the NMR-based studies on lipid digestion,absorption,and metabolism.展开更多
Phenotypic diversity,especially that of facial morphology,has not been fully investigated in the Han Chinese,which is the largest ethnic group in the world.In this study,we systematically analyzed a total of 14,838 fa...Phenotypic diversity,especially that of facial morphology,has not been fully investigated in the Han Chinese,which is the largest ethnic group in the world.In this study,we systematically analyzed a total of 14,838 facial traits representing 15 categories with both a large-scale three-dimensional(3D)manual landmarking database and computer-aided facial segmented phenotyping in 2379 Han Chinese individuals.Our results illustrate that homogeneous and heterogeneous facial morphological traits exist among Han Chinese populations across the three geographical regions:Zhengzhou,Taizhou,and Nanning.We identifed 1560 shared features from extracted phenotypes,which characterized well the basic facial morphology of the Han Chinese.In particular,heterogeneous phenotypes showing population structures corresponded to geographical subpopulations.The greatest facial variation among these geographical populations was the angle of glabella,left subalare,and right cheilion(p=3.4×10^(−161)).Interestingly,we found that Han Chinese populations could be classifed into northern Han,central Han,and southern Han at the phenotypic level,and the facial morphological variation pattern of central Han Chinese was between the typical diferentiation of northern and southern Han Chinese.This result was highly consistent with the results revealed by the genetic data.These fndings provide new insights into the analysis of multidimensional phenotypes as well as a valuable resource for further facial phenotype-genotype association studies in Han Chinese and East Asian populations.展开更多
Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a heterogeneous female disorder characterized by the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40.It represents a significant detriment to female fertility.However,the known POI...Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a heterogeneous female disorder characterized by the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40.It represents a significant detriment to female fertility.However,the known POI-causative genes currently account for only a fraction of cases.To elucidate the genetic factors underlying POI,we conducted whole-exome sequencing on a family with three fertile POI patients and identified a deleterious missense variant in RNF111.In a subsequent replication study involving 1,030 POI patients,this variant was not only confirmed but also accompanied by the discovery of three additional predicted deleterious RNF111 variants.These variants collectively account for eight cases,representing 0.78%of the study cohort.A further study involving 500 patients with diminished ovarian reserve also identified two additional RNF111 variants.Notably,RNF111 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a regulatory role in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway.Our analysis revealed that RNF111/RNF111 is predominantly expressed in the oocytes of mice,monkeys,and humans.To further investigate the functional implications of RNF111 variants,we generated two mouse models:one with a heterozygous missense mutation(Rnf111+/M)and another with a heterozygous null mutation(Rnf111^(+/-)).Both mouse models exhibited impaired female fertility,characterized by reduced litter sizes and small ovarian reserve.Additionally,RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics analysis unveiled that Rnf111 haploinsufficiency led to dysregulation in female gonad development and negative regulation of the BMP signaling pathway within mouse ovaries.In conclusion,our findings strongly suggest that monoallelic deleterious variants in RNF111 can impair female fertility and induce POI in both humans and mice.展开更多
The big data explosion demands novel data storage technology. Among many different approaches, solitonic racetrack memory devices hold great promise for accommodating nonvolatile and low-power functionalities. As repr...The big data explosion demands novel data storage technology. Among many different approaches, solitonic racetrack memory devices hold great promise for accommodating nonvolatile and low-power functionalities. As representative topological solitons, magnetic skyrmions are envisioned as potential information carriers for efficient information processing. While their advantages as memory and logic elements have been vastly exploited from theoretical perspectives, the corresponding experimental efforts are rather limited. These challenges, which are key to versatile skyrmionic devices, will be studied in this work. Through patterning concaved surface topography with designed arrays of indentations on standard Si/SiO_(2) substrates, we demonstrate that the resultant non-flat energy landscape could lead to the formation of hexagonal and square skyrmion lattices in Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers. Based on these films, one-dimensional racetrack devices are subsequently fabricated, in which a long-distance deterministic shifting of skyrmions between neighboring indentations is achieved at room temperature. Through separating the word line and the bit line, a prototype shift register device, which can sequentially generate and precisely shift complex skyrmionic data strings, is presented. The deterministic writing and longdistance shifting of skyrmionic bits can find potential applications in transformative skyrmionic memory,logic as well as the in-memory computing devices.展开更多
Physical neural networks are artificial neural networks that mimic synapses and neurons using physical systems or materials.These networks harness the distinctive characteristics of physical systems to carry out compu...Physical neural networks are artificial neural networks that mimic synapses and neurons using physical systems or materials.These networks harness the distinctive characteristics of physical systems to carry out computations effectively,potentially surpassing the constraints of conventional digital neural networks.A recent advancement known as“physical self-learning”aims to achieve learning through intrinsic physical processes rather than relying on external computations.This article offers a comprehensive review of the progress made in implementing physical self-learning across various physical systems.Prevailing learning strategies that contribute to the realization of physical self-learning are discussed.Despite challenges in understanding the fundamental mechanism of learning,this work highlights the progress towards constructing intelligent hardware from the ground up,incorporating embedded self-organizing and self-adaptive dynamics in physical systems.展开更多
In correlated oxides,collaborative manipulation on light intensity,wavelength,pulse duration and polarization has yielded many exotic discoveries,such as phase transitions and novel quantum states.In view of potential...In correlated oxides,collaborative manipulation on light intensity,wavelength,pulse duration and polarization has yielded many exotic discoveries,such as phase transitions and novel quantum states.In view of potential optoelectronic applications,tailoring long-lived static properties by light-induced effects is highly desirable.So far,the polarization state of light has rarely been reported as a control parameter for this purpose.Here,we report polarization-dependent metal-to-insulator transition(MIT)in phaseseparated manganite thin films,introducing a new degree of freedom to control static MIT.Specifically,we observed giant photoinduced resistance jumps with striking features:(1)a single resistance jump occurs upon a linearly polarized light incident with a chosen polarization angle,and a second resistance jump occurs when the polarization angle changes;(2)the amplitude of the second resistance jump depends sensitively on the actual change of the polarization angles.Linear transmittance measurements reveal that the origin of the above phenomena is closely related to the coexistence of anisotropic micro-domains.Our results represent a first step to utilize light polarization as an active knob to manipulate static phase transitions,pointing towards new pathways for nonvolatile optoelectronic devices and sensors.展开更多
EuCd_(2)As_(2)was theoretically predicted to be a minimal model of Weyl semimetals with a single pair of Weyl points in the ferromagnet state.However,the heavily p-doped Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)crystals in previous experiments...EuCd_(2)As_(2)was theoretically predicted to be a minimal model of Weyl semimetals with a single pair of Weyl points in the ferromagnet state.However,the heavily p-doped Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)crystals in previous experiments prevent direct identification of the semimetal hypothesis.Here,we present a comprehensive magneto-transport study of high-quality Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)crystals with ultralow bulk carrier density(10^(13)cm^(-3)).In contrast to the general expectation of a Weyl semimetal phase,Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)shows insulating behavior in both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states as well as surface-dominated conduction from band bending.Moreover,the application of a dc bias current can dramatically modulate the resistance by over one order of magnitude,and induce a periodic resistance oscillation due to the geometric resonance.Such nonlinear transport results from the high nonequilibrium state induced by an electrical field near the band edge.Our results suggest an insulating phase in Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)and put a strong constraint on the underlying mechanism of anomalous transport properties in this system.展开更多
Optical sensors with in-cell logic and memory capabilities offer new horizons in realizing machine vision beyond von Neumann architectures and have been attempted with two-dimensional materials,memristive oxides,phase...Optical sensors with in-cell logic and memory capabilities offer new horizons in realizing machine vision beyond von Neumann architectures and have been attempted with two-dimensional materials,memristive oxides,phasechanging materials etc.Noting the unparalleled performance of superconductors with both quantum-limited optical sensitivities and ultra-wide spectrum coverage,here we report a superconducting memlogic long-wave infrared sensor based on the bistability in hysteretic superconductor-normal phase transition.Driven cooperatively by electrical and optical pulses,the device offers deterministic in-sensor switching between resistive and superconducting(hence dissipationless)states with persistence>105 s.This results in a resilient reconfigurable memlogic system applicable for,e.g.,encrypted communications.Besides,a high infrared sensitivity at 12.2μm is achieved through its in-situ metamaterial perfect absorber design.Our work opens the avenue to realize all-in-one superconducting memlogic sensors,surpassing biological retina capabilities in both sensitivity and wavelength,and presents a groundbreaking opportunity to integrate visional perception capabilities into superconductor-based intelligent quantum machines.展开更多
Iron is indispensable for the viablility of nearly all living organisms,and it is imperative for cells,tissues,and organisms to acquire this essential metal sufficiently and maintain its metabolic stability for surviv...Iron is indispensable for the viablility of nearly all living organisms,and it is imperative for cells,tissues,and organisms to acquire this essential metal sufficiently and maintain its metabolic stability for survival.Disruption of iron homeostasis can lead to the development of various diseases.There is a robust connection between iron metabolism and infection,immunity,inflammation,and aging,suggesting that disorders in iron metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis.Numerous studies have focused on the significant role of iron metabolism in the development of arthritis and its potential for targeted drug therapy.Targeting iron metabolism offers a promising approach for individualized treatment of arthritis.Therefore,this review aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which the body maintains iron metabolism and the impacts of iron and iron metabolism disorders on arthritis.Furthermore,this review aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets and active substances related to iron metabolism,which could provide promising research directions in this field.展开更多
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain(BET)proteins,which function partly through MYC proto-oncogene(MYC),are critical epigenetic readers and emerging therapeutic targets in cancer.Whether and how BET inhibition simult...Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain(BET)proteins,which function partly through MYC proto-oncogene(MYC),are critical epigenetic readers and emerging therapeutic targets in cancer.Whether and how BET inhibition simultaneously induces metabolic remodeling in cancer cells remains unclear.Here we find that even transient BET inhibition by JQ-1 and other pan-BET inhibitors(pan-BETis)blunts liver cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.BET inhibition decreases glycolytic gene expression but enhances mitochondrial glucose and glutamine oxidative metabolism revealed by metabolomics and isotope labeling analysis.Specifically,BET inhibition downregulates miR-30a to upregulate glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GDH1)independent of MYC,which producesα-ketoglutarate for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).Targeting GDH1 or OXPHOS is synthetic lethal to BET inhibi-tion,and combined BET and OXPHOS inhibition therapeutically prevents liver tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.Together,we uncover an important epigenetic-metabolic crosstalk whereby BET inhibition induces MYC-independent and GDH1-dependent glutamine metabolic remodeling that can be exploited for innovative combination therapy of liver cancer.展开更多
Owing to the outstanding properties provided by nontrivial band topology,topological phases of matter are considered as a promising platform towards low-dissipation electronics,efficient spin-charge conversion,and top...Owing to the outstanding properties provided by nontrivial band topology,topological phases of matter are considered as a promising platform towards low-dissipation electronics,efficient spin-charge conversion,and topological quantum computation.Achieving ferroelectricity in topological materials enables the non-volatile control of the quantum states,which could greatly facilitate topological electronic research.However,ferroelectricity is generally incompatible with systems featuring metallicity due to the screening effect of free carriers.In this study,we report the observation of memristive switching based on the ferroelectric surface state of a topological semimetal(TaSe_(4))2I.We find that the surface state of(TaSe_(4))2I presents out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization due to surface reconstruction.With the combination of ferroelectric surface and charge-density-wave-gapped bulk states,an electric-switchable barrier height can be achieved in(TaSe_(4))2I-metal contact.By employing a multi-terminal-grounding design,we manage to construct a prototype ferroelectric memristor based on(TaSe_(4))2I with on/off ratio up to 103,endurance over 103 cycles,and good retention characteristics.The origin of the ferroelectric surface state is further investigated by first-principles calculations,which reveal an interplay between ferroelectricity and band topology.The emergence of ferroelectricity in(TaSe_(4))2I not only demonstrates it as a rare but essential case of ferroelectric topological materials,but also opens new routes towards the implementation of topological materials in functional electronic devices.展开更多
Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a severe female reproductive disorder that affects 1%of women in general populations(European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology[ESHRE]Guideline Group on POI et al.,20...Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a severe female reproductive disorder that affects 1%of women in general populations(European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology[ESHRE]Guideline Group on POI et al.,2016).An increasing prevalence up to 3.7%has been reported in a recent meta-analysis(Golezar et al.,2019).POl can lead to infertility or subfertility,as well as a range of complex complications suffering multi-organ systems,seriously threatening women's health and reducing the life quality.By contrast,POl is a representative heterogeneous disease with multiple etiologies.While more than 70 causative POI genes have been identified,the etiology of more than half of the POI patients is still ambiguous(Jiao et al.,2018).Unreported POI causative genes,therefore,remain to be identified.展开更多
Lysine lactylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification with emerging roles in both physiology and disease.A recent study published in Cell shows that lactate-induced lactylation of the homologous ...Lysine lactylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification with emerging roles in both physiology and disease.A recent study published in Cell shows that lactate-induced lactylation of the homologous recombination(HR)protein meiotic recombination 11 results in HR hyperactivation and chemoresistance in cancer cells,establishing a previously unrecognized link between cellular metabolism and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)damage repair and providing new insights into how altered glucose metabolism can impact DNA damage response in cancer.展开更多
Cardiovascular health metrics are now widely recognized as modifable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia.Metabolic perturbations might play roles in the linkage of cardiovascular diseases and dementia.Circ...Cardiovascular health metrics are now widely recognized as modifable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia.Metabolic perturbations might play roles in the linkage of cardiovascular diseases and dementia.Circulating metabolites profling by metabolomics may improve understanding of the potential mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline.In a prospective community-based cohort in China(n=725),312 serum metabolic phenotypes were quantifed,and cardiovascular health score was calculated including smoking,exercise,sleep,diet,body mass index,blood pressure,and blood glucose.Cognitive function assessments were conducted in baseline and follow-up visits to identify longitudinal cognitive decline.A better cardiovascular health was signifcantly associated with lower risk of concentration decline and orientation decline(hazard ratio(HR):0.84–0.90;p<0.05).Apolipoprotein-A1,high-density lipoprotein(HDL)cholesterol,cholesterol ester,and phospholipid concentrations were signifcantly associated with a lower risk of longitudinal memory and orientation decline(p<0.05 and adjusted-p<0.20).Mediation analysis suggested that the negative association between health status and the risk of orientation decline was partly mediated by cholesterol ester and total lipids in HDL-2 and-3(proportion of mediation:7.68–8.21%,both p<0.05).Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with greater risks of cognitive decline,which were found to be mediated by circulating lipoproteins,particularly the medium-size HDL components.These fndings underscore the potential of utilizing lipoproteins as targets for early stage dementia screening and intervention.展开更多
Background Previous prediction algorithms for cardiovascular diseases(CVD)were established using risk factors retrieved largely based on empirical clinical knowledge.This study sought to identify predictors among a co...Background Previous prediction algorithms for cardiovascular diseases(CVD)were established using risk factors retrieved largely based on empirical clinical knowledge.This study sought to identify predictors among a comprehensive variable space,and then employ machine learning(ML)algorithms to develop a novel CVD risk prediction model.Methods From a longitudinal population-based cohort of UK Biobank,this study included 473611 CVD-free participants aged between 37 and 73 years old.We implemented an ML-based data-driven pipeline to identify predictors from 645 candidate variables covering a comprehensive range of health-related factors and assessed multiple ML classifiers to establish a risk prediction model on 10-year incident CVD.The model was validated through a leave-one center-out cross-validation.Results During a median follow-up of 12.2 years,31466 participants developed CVD within 10 years after baseline visits.A novel UK Biobank CVD risk prediction(UKCRP)model was established that comprised 10 predictors including age,sex,medication of cholesterol and blood pressure,cholesterol ratio(total/high-density lipoprotein),systolic blood pressure,previous angina or heart disease,number of medications taken,cystatin C,chest pain and pack-years of smoking.Our model obtained satisfied discriminative performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.762±0.010 that outperformed multiple existing clinical models,and it was well-calibrated with a Brier Score of 0.057±0.006.Further,the UKCRP can obtain comparable performance for myocardial infarction(AUC 0.774±0.011)and ischaemic stroke(AUC 0.730±0.020),but inferior performance for haemorrhagic stroke(AUC 0.644±0.026).Conclusion ML-based classification models can learn expressive representations from potential high-risked CVD participants who may benefit from earlier clinical decisions.展开更多
Hard-magnetic soft materials have attracted broad interests because of their flexible programmability,non-contact activation and rapid response in various applications such as soft robotics,biomedical devices and flex...Hard-magnetic soft materials have attracted broad interests because of their flexible programmability,non-contact activation and rapid response in various applications such as soft robotics,biomedical devices and flexible electronics.Such multifunctional materials consist of a soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles,and can exhibit large deformations under external magnetic stimuli.Here,we develop a three-dimensional(3D)rod model to predict spatial deformations(extension,bending and twist)of slender hard-magnetic elastica.The model follows Kirchhoff hypothesis and thus reduces the 3D magneto-elastic energy function to a one-dimensional(1D)form.Besides,the co-rotational formulation is applied to describe rigid body motion,and explicit time integration is adopted for the nonlinear resolution.Moreover,we explore finite bending,post-buckling and twisting of hard-magnetic elastica under external magnetic fields with different directions and amplitudes.Representative examples with various configurations show superior efficiency and accuracy of the model(the difference less than 1%with only a small number of elements)compared to conventional solid element.Our model could be used to guide rational designs on programmable shape morphing of ferromagnetic slender structures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.61932008Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, No.21ZR1403200 (both to JC)。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases cause great medical and economic burdens for both patients and society;however, the complex molecular mechanisms thereof are not yet well understood. With the development of high-coverage sequencing technology, researchers have started to notice that genomic repeat regions, previously neglected in search of disease culprits, are active contributors to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the association between repeat element variants and multiple degenerative diseases through genome-wide association studies and targeted sequencing. We discuss the identification of disease-relevant repeat element variants, further powered by the advancement of long-read sequencing technologies and their related tools, and summarize recent findings in the molecular mechanisms of repeat element variants in brain degeneration, such as those causing transcriptional silencing or RNA-mediated gain of toxic function. Furthermore, we describe how in silico predictions using innovative computational models, such as deep learning language models, could enhance and accelerate our understanding of the functional impact of repeat element variants. Finally, we discuss future directions to advance current findings for a better understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and the clinical applications of genomic repeat elements.
基金financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.:2022YFC3400700,2022YFA0806400,and 2020YFE0201600)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.:2017SHZDZX01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:31821002).
文摘Acylcarnitines are metabolic intermediates of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids having vital biofunctions and pathophysiological significances. Here, we developed a high-throughput method for quantifying hundreds of acylcarnitines in one run using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This enabled simultaneous quantification of 1136 acylcarnitines (C0–C26) within 10-min with good sensitivity (limit of detection < 0.7 fmol), linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.992), accuracy (relative error < 20%), precision (coefficient of variation (CV), CV < 15%), stability (CV < 15%), and inter-technician consistency (CV < 20%, n = 6). We also established a quantitative structure-retention relationship (goodness of fit > 0.998) for predicting retention time (tR) of acylcarnitines with no standards and built a database of their multiple reaction monitoring parameters (tR, ion-pairs, and collision energy). Furthermore, we quantified 514 acylcarnitines in human plasma and urine, mouse kidney, liver, heart, lung, and muscle. This provides a rapid method for quantifying acylcarnitines in multiple biological matrices.
文摘A rich portfolio of emergent phenomena has been discovered in twisted two-dimensional(2D)moirésystems,including strongly correlated insulators,[1]superconductivity,[2]integer and fractional Chern insulators(ChIs),[3-5]magnetism,[6]and interfacial ferroelectricity.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0309100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11991062,12074075,12074073,12074071,and 11904052)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20501130600,22ZR1407400,and 22ZR1408100).
文摘We report a significantly enhanced anomalous Hall effect(AHE)of Pt on antiferromagnetic insulator thin film(3-unit-cell La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3),abbreviated as LSMO),which is one order of magnitude larger than that of Pt on other ferromagnetic(e.g.Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12))and antiferromagnetic(e.g.Cr_(2)O_(3))insulator thin films.Our experiments demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_(3)with fully compensated surface suppresses the positive anomalous Hall resistivity induced by the magnetic proximity effect and facilitates the negative anomalous Hall resistivity induced by the spin Hall effect.By changing the substrate’s temperature during Pt deposition,we observed that the diffusion of Mn atoms into Pt layer can further enhance the AHE.The anomalous Hall resistivity increases with increasing temperature and persists even well above the Neel temperature(T_(N))of LSMO.The Monte Carlo simulations manifest that the unusual rise of anomalous Hall resistivity above T_(N)originates from the thermal induced magnetization in the antiferromagnetic insulator.
文摘Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignments of NMR signals for some lowconcentration bile acids are still needed.This study combined 1D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and 2D NMR techniques including 1He1H correlation spectroscopy(COSY),1He1H total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY),1H J-resolved spectroscopy(J-Res),1He13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy(HSQC),and 1He13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy(HMBC)to assign the 1H and 13C signals of six bile acids in aqueous solution at physiological pH(~7.4)and nine bile acids in methanol.These data are of importance to the NMR-based studies on lipid digestion,absorption,and metabolism.
基金the Basic Science Center Program(32288101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)grants(32271186,31771325,32030020,31961130380,T2122007,and 32070577)the National Science and Technology Basic Research Project(2015FY111700 to LJ).
文摘Phenotypic diversity,especially that of facial morphology,has not been fully investigated in the Han Chinese,which is the largest ethnic group in the world.In this study,we systematically analyzed a total of 14,838 facial traits representing 15 categories with both a large-scale three-dimensional(3D)manual landmarking database and computer-aided facial segmented phenotyping in 2379 Han Chinese individuals.Our results illustrate that homogeneous and heterogeneous facial morphological traits exist among Han Chinese populations across the three geographical regions:Zhengzhou,Taizhou,and Nanning.We identifed 1560 shared features from extracted phenotypes,which characterized well the basic facial morphology of the Han Chinese.In particular,heterogeneous phenotypes showing population structures corresponded to geographical subpopulations.The greatest facial variation among these geographical populations was the angle of glabella,left subalare,and right cheilion(p=3.4×10^(−161)).Interestingly,we found that Han Chinese populations could be classifed into northern Han,central Han,and southern Han at the phenotypic level,and the facial morphological variation pattern of central Han Chinese was between the typical diferentiation of northern and southern Han Chinese.This result was highly consistent with the results revealed by the genetic data.These fndings provide new insights into the analysis of multidimensional phenotypes as well as a valuable resource for further facial phenotype-genotype association studies in Han Chinese and East Asian populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32288101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2701400)Shenkang Clinical Technology Innovation Project(SHDC22021219)。
文摘Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a heterogeneous female disorder characterized by the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40.It represents a significant detriment to female fertility.However,the known POI-causative genes currently account for only a fraction of cases.To elucidate the genetic factors underlying POI,we conducted whole-exome sequencing on a family with three fertile POI patients and identified a deleterious missense variant in RNF111.In a subsequent replication study involving 1,030 POI patients,this variant was not only confirmed but also accompanied by the discovery of three additional predicted deleterious RNF111 variants.These variants collectively account for eight cases,representing 0.78%of the study cohort.A further study involving 500 patients with diminished ovarian reserve also identified two additional RNF111 variants.Notably,RNF111 encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a regulatory role in the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway.Our analysis revealed that RNF111/RNF111 is predominantly expressed in the oocytes of mice,monkeys,and humans.To further investigate the functional implications of RNF111 variants,we generated two mouse models:one with a heterozygous missense mutation(Rnf111+/M)and another with a heterozygous null mutation(Rnf111^(+/-)).Both mouse models exhibited impaired female fertility,characterized by reduced litter sizes and small ovarian reserve.Additionally,RNA-seq and quantitative proteomics analysis unveiled that Rnf111 haploinsufficiency led to dysregulation in female gonad development and negative regulation of the BMP signaling pathway within mouse ovaries.In conclusion,our findings strongly suggest that monoallelic deleterious variants in RNF111 can impair female fertility and induce POI in both humans and mice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the distinguished Young Scholar program(12225409)the Basic Science Center Project (51788104)+6 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1405100)the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFA1403300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52271181, 51831005, and 11861131008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12204107)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2023ZD0300500)Shanghai Pujiang Program (21PJ1401500)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (21JC1406200)。
文摘The big data explosion demands novel data storage technology. Among many different approaches, solitonic racetrack memory devices hold great promise for accommodating nonvolatile and low-power functionalities. As representative topological solitons, magnetic skyrmions are envisioned as potential information carriers for efficient information processing. While their advantages as memory and logic elements have been vastly exploited from theoretical perspectives, the corresponding experimental efforts are rather limited. These challenges, which are key to versatile skyrmionic devices, will be studied in this work. Through patterning concaved surface topography with designed arrays of indentations on standard Si/SiO_(2) substrates, we demonstrate that the resultant non-flat energy landscape could lead to the formation of hexagonal and square skyrmion lattices in Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers. Based on these films, one-dimensional racetrack devices are subsequently fabricated, in which a long-distance deterministic shifting of skyrmions between neighboring indentations is achieved at room temperature. Through separating the word line and the bit line, a prototype shift register device, which can sequentially generate and precisely shift complex skyrmionic data strings, is presented. The deterministic writing and longdistance shifting of skyrmionic bits can find potential applications in transformative skyrmionic memory,logic as well as the in-memory computing devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403300,and 2020YFA0309100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12204107,and 12074073)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.21PJ1401500)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant Nos.21JC1406200,and 20JC1415900)。
文摘Physical neural networks are artificial neural networks that mimic synapses and neurons using physical systems or materials.These networks harness the distinctive characteristics of physical systems to carry out computations effectively,potentially surpassing the constraints of conventional digital neural networks.A recent advancement known as“physical self-learning”aims to achieve learning through intrinsic physical processes rather than relying on external computations.This article offers a comprehensive review of the progress made in implementing physical self-learning across various physical systems.Prevailing learning strategies that contribute to the realization of physical self-learning are discussed.Despite challenges in understanding the fundamental mechanism of learning,this work highlights the progress towards constructing intelligent hardware from the ground up,incorporating embedded self-organizing and self-adaptive dynamics in physical systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1403300 and 2020YFA0309100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11991060,12074075,12074073,12074071,12074080,and 12274088)+3 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)the Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(20501130600,22ZR1408100,22ZR1407400,and 23ZR1407200)support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1400503 and 2021YFA1400202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12125403,11874123,and 12221004).
文摘In correlated oxides,collaborative manipulation on light intensity,wavelength,pulse duration and polarization has yielded many exotic discoveries,such as phase transitions and novel quantum states.In view of potential optoelectronic applications,tailoring long-lived static properties by light-induced effects is highly desirable.So far,the polarization state of light has rarely been reported as a control parameter for this purpose.Here,we report polarization-dependent metal-to-insulator transition(MIT)in phaseseparated manganite thin films,introducing a new degree of freedom to control static MIT.Specifically,we observed giant photoinduced resistance jumps with striking features:(1)a single resistance jump occurs upon a linearly polarized light incident with a chosen polarization angle,and a second resistance jump occurs when the polarization angle changes;(2)the amplitude of the second resistance jump depends sensitively on the actual change of the polarization angles.Linear transmittance measurements reveal that the origin of the above phenomena is closely related to the coexistence of anisotropic micro-domains.Our results represent a first step to utilize light polarization as an active knob to manipulate static phase transitions,pointing towards new pathways for nonvolatile optoelectronic devices and sensors.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174069,and 92365104)+6 种基金the Shuguang Program supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commissionsupported by the Double First-Class Initiative Fund of Shanghai Tech Universitythe open project from Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physicssupported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12122411)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274090)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1406300)。
文摘EuCd_(2)As_(2)was theoretically predicted to be a minimal model of Weyl semimetals with a single pair of Weyl points in the ferromagnet state.However,the heavily p-doped Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)crystals in previous experiments prevent direct identification of the semimetal hypothesis.Here,we present a comprehensive magneto-transport study of high-quality Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)crystals with ultralow bulk carrier density(10^(13)cm^(-3)).In contrast to the general expectation of a Weyl semimetal phase,Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)shows insulating behavior in both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states as well as surface-dominated conduction from band bending.Moreover,the application of a dc bias current can dramatically modulate the resistance by over one order of magnitude,and induce a periodic resistance oscillation due to the geometric resonance.Such nonlinear transport results from the high nonequilibrium state induced by an electrical field near the band edge.Our results suggest an insulating phase in Eu Cd_(2)As_(2)and put a strong constraint on the underlying mechanism of anomalous transport properties in this system.
基金the following funding:National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12027805,11991060)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(18JC1420400,20JC1414700 and 20DZ1100604)Shanghai Pujiang Program(20PJ1410900).
文摘Optical sensors with in-cell logic and memory capabilities offer new horizons in realizing machine vision beyond von Neumann architectures and have been attempted with two-dimensional materials,memristive oxides,phasechanging materials etc.Noting the unparalleled performance of superconductors with both quantum-limited optical sensitivities and ultra-wide spectrum coverage,here we report a superconducting memlogic long-wave infrared sensor based on the bistability in hysteretic superconductor-normal phase transition.Driven cooperatively by electrical and optical pulses,the device offers deterministic in-sensor switching between resistive and superconducting(hence dissipationless)states with persistence>105 s.This results in a resilient reconfigurable memlogic system applicable for,e.g.,encrypted communications.Besides,a high infrared sensitivity at 12.2μm is achieved through its in-situ metamaterial perfect absorber design.Our work opens the avenue to realize all-in-one superconducting memlogic sensors,surpassing biological retina capabilities in both sensitivity and wavelength,and presents a groundbreaking opportunity to integrate visional perception capabilities into superconductor-based intelligent quantum machines.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82030003 and 82001726)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-066)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2023SHZDZX02).
文摘Iron is indispensable for the viablility of nearly all living organisms,and it is imperative for cells,tissues,and organisms to acquire this essential metal sufficiently and maintain its metabolic stability for survival.Disruption of iron homeostasis can lead to the development of various diseases.There is a robust connection between iron metabolism and infection,immunity,inflammation,and aging,suggesting that disorders in iron metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis.Numerous studies have focused on the significant role of iron metabolism in the development of arthritis and its potential for targeted drug therapy.Targeting iron metabolism offers a promising approach for individualized treatment of arthritis.Therefore,this review aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which the body maintains iron metabolism and the impacts of iron and iron metabolism disorders on arthritis.Furthermore,this review aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets and active substances related to iron metabolism,which could provide promising research directions in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273223 to F.L.,32270798 to P.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1103900 to F.L.).
文摘Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain(BET)proteins,which function partly through MYC proto-oncogene(MYC),are critical epigenetic readers and emerging therapeutic targets in cancer.Whether and how BET inhibition simultaneously induces metabolic remodeling in cancer cells remains unclear.Here we find that even transient BET inhibition by JQ-1 and other pan-BET inhibitors(pan-BETis)blunts liver cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.BET inhibition decreases glycolytic gene expression but enhances mitochondrial glucose and glutamine oxidative metabolism revealed by metabolomics and isotope labeling analysis.Specifically,BET inhibition downregulates miR-30a to upregulate glutamate dehydrogenase 1(GDH1)independent of MYC,which producesα-ketoglutarate for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).Targeting GDH1 or OXPHOS is synthetic lethal to BET inhibi-tion,and combined BET and OXPHOS inhibition therapeutically prevents liver tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.Together,we uncover an important epigenetic-metabolic crosstalk whereby BET inhibition induces MYC-independent and GDH1-dependent glutamine metabolic remodeling that can be exploited for innovative combination therapy of liver cancer.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1405700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174069 and 92365104)+8 种基金Shuguang Program from the Shanghai Education Development Foundationsupported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1407500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174104 and 62005079)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1402901)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12274082)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(23ZR1406600)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Hehai University 21TQ1400100(23TQ017)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720816)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1402902)。
文摘Owing to the outstanding properties provided by nontrivial band topology,topological phases of matter are considered as a promising platform towards low-dissipation electronics,efficient spin-charge conversion,and topological quantum computation.Achieving ferroelectricity in topological materials enables the non-volatile control of the quantum states,which could greatly facilitate topological electronic research.However,ferroelectricity is generally incompatible with systems featuring metallicity due to the screening effect of free carriers.In this study,we report the observation of memristive switching based on the ferroelectric surface state of a topological semimetal(TaSe_(4))2I.We find that the surface state of(TaSe_(4))2I presents out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization due to surface reconstruction.With the combination of ferroelectric surface and charge-density-wave-gapped bulk states,an electric-switchable barrier height can be achieved in(TaSe_(4))2I-metal contact.By employing a multi-terminal-grounding design,we manage to construct a prototype ferroelectric memristor based on(TaSe_(4))2I with on/off ratio up to 103,endurance over 103 cycles,and good retention characteristics.The origin of the ferroelectric surface state is further investigated by first-principles calculations,which reveal an interplay between ferroelectricity and band topology.The emergence of ferroelectricity in(TaSe_(4))2I not only demonstrates it as a rare but essential case of ferroelectric topological materials,but also opens new routes towards the implementation of topological materials in functional electronic devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270658 and 32288101)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2703800)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1407000).
文摘Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI)is a severe female reproductive disorder that affects 1%of women in general populations(European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology[ESHRE]Guideline Group on POI et al.,2016).An increasing prevalence up to 3.7%has been reported in a recent meta-analysis(Golezar et al.,2019).POl can lead to infertility or subfertility,as well as a range of complex complications suffering multi-organ systems,seriously threatening women's health and reducing the life quality.By contrast,POl is a representative heterogeneous disease with multiple etiologies.While more than 70 causative POI genes have been identified,the etiology of more than half of the POI patients is still ambiguous(Jiao et al.,2018).Unreported POI causative genes,therefore,remain to be identified.
文摘Lysine lactylation is a recently discovered post-translational modification with emerging roles in both physiology and disease.A recent study published in Cell shows that lactate-induced lactylation of the homologous recombination(HR)protein meiotic recombination 11 results in HR hyperactivation and chemoresistance in cancer cells,establishing a previously unrecognized link between cellular metabolism and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)damage repair and providing new insights into how altered glucose metabolism can impact DNA damage response in cancer.
基金the National Key Research and Development program of China(2022YFC3400700,2022YFA0806400,2021YFC2500100,2020YFE0201600)the Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects(2022ZD0211600)+5 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(22QA1404000)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(22ZR1405300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31821002)the Key Research and Development Plans of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2021696)the Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine(Guangzhou).
文摘Cardiovascular health metrics are now widely recognized as modifable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia.Metabolic perturbations might play roles in the linkage of cardiovascular diseases and dementia.Circulating metabolites profling by metabolomics may improve understanding of the potential mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline.In a prospective community-based cohort in China(n=725),312 serum metabolic phenotypes were quantifed,and cardiovascular health score was calculated including smoking,exercise,sleep,diet,body mass index,blood pressure,and blood glucose.Cognitive function assessments were conducted in baseline and follow-up visits to identify longitudinal cognitive decline.A better cardiovascular health was signifcantly associated with lower risk of concentration decline and orientation decline(hazard ratio(HR):0.84–0.90;p<0.05).Apolipoprotein-A1,high-density lipoprotein(HDL)cholesterol,cholesterol ester,and phospholipid concentrations were signifcantly associated with a lower risk of longitudinal memory and orientation decline(p<0.05 and adjusted-p<0.20).Mediation analysis suggested that the negative association between health status and the risk of orientation decline was partly mediated by cholesterol ester and total lipids in HDL-2 and-3(proportion of mediation:7.68–8.21%,both p<0.05).Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with greater risks of cognitive decline,which were found to be mediated by circulating lipoproteins,particularly the medium-size HDL components.These fndings underscore the potential of utilizing lipoproteins as targets for early stage dementia screening and intervention.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071997,82071201)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1312904,2019YFA0709502)+6 种基金Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Projects(2022ZD0211600)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)the 111 Project(B18015)hanghai Rising-Star Program(21QA1408700)Research Start-up Fund of Huashan Hospital(2022QD002)Excellence 2025 Talent Cultivation Program at Hehai University(3030277001)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission New Interdisciplinary Research Project(2022JC014).
文摘Background Previous prediction algorithms for cardiovascular diseases(CVD)were established using risk factors retrieved largely based on empirical clinical knowledge.This study sought to identify predictors among a comprehensive variable space,and then employ machine learning(ML)algorithms to develop a novel CVD risk prediction model.Methods From a longitudinal population-based cohort of UK Biobank,this study included 473611 CVD-free participants aged between 37 and 73 years old.We implemented an ML-based data-driven pipeline to identify predictors from 645 candidate variables covering a comprehensive range of health-related factors and assessed multiple ML classifiers to establish a risk prediction model on 10-year incident CVD.The model was validated through a leave-one center-out cross-validation.Results During a median follow-up of 12.2 years,31466 participants developed CVD within 10 years after baseline visits.A novel UK Biobank CVD risk prediction(UKCRP)model was established that comprised 10 predictors including age,sex,medication of cholesterol and blood pressure,cholesterol ratio(total/high-density lipoprotein),systolic blood pressure,previous angina or heart disease,number of medications taken,cystatin C,chest pain and pack-years of smoking.Our model obtained satisfied discriminative performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 0.762±0.010 that outperformed multiple existing clinical models,and it was well-calibrated with a Brier Score of 0.057±0.006.Further,the UKCRP can obtain comparable performance for myocardial infarction(AUC 0.774±0.011)and ischaemic stroke(AUC 0.730±0.020),but inferior performance for haemorrhagic stroke(AUC 0.644±0.026).Conclusion ML-based classification models can learn expressive representations from potential high-risked CVD participants who may benefit from earlier clinical decisions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.12122204,11872150,and 11890673)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research-Hehai University(Grant No.21TQ1400100-21TQ010)+2 种基金Shanghai Shuguang Program(Grant No.21SG05)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.19QA1400500)Young Scientist Project of Ministry of Education Innovation Platform.
文摘Hard-magnetic soft materials have attracted broad interests because of their flexible programmability,non-contact activation and rapid response in various applications such as soft robotics,biomedical devices and flexible electronics.Such multifunctional materials consist of a soft matrix embedded with hard-magnetic particles,and can exhibit large deformations under external magnetic stimuli.Here,we develop a three-dimensional(3D)rod model to predict spatial deformations(extension,bending and twist)of slender hard-magnetic elastica.The model follows Kirchhoff hypothesis and thus reduces the 3D magneto-elastic energy function to a one-dimensional(1D)form.Besides,the co-rotational formulation is applied to describe rigid body motion,and explicit time integration is adopted for the nonlinear resolution.Moreover,we explore finite bending,post-buckling and twisting of hard-magnetic elastica under external magnetic fields with different directions and amplitudes.Representative examples with various configurations show superior efficiency and accuracy of the model(the difference less than 1%with only a small number of elements)compared to conventional solid element.Our model could be used to guide rational designs on programmable shape morphing of ferromagnetic slender structures.
