This paper looks at public transport in the city of Szczecin.In the recent years,new means of transport have been offered by both external companies and the city.Many city inhabitants have swapped buses for city bikes...This paper looks at public transport in the city of Szczecin.In the recent years,new means of transport have been offered by both external companies and the city.Many city inhabitants have swapped buses for city bikes,scooters and electric scooters available in large cities.A questionnaire survey has been designed to examine the public opinion on the best transport services offered by external companies and whether life quality in the city has improved owing to a wide offering of means of public transport.The paper aims at an analysis and assessment of the city transport services offered and how they influence the quality of life in the city of Szczecin.展开更多
Background： The first described obesity-susceptibility gene was the fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene. However, knowledge about FTO＇s potential modifying effect on changes in body weight achieved through ...Background： The first described obesity-susceptibility gene was the fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene. However, knowledge about FTO＇s potential modifying effect on changes in body weight achieved through a training program is still limited. We decided to study the association between the FTO A/T polymorphism （rs9939609） and obesity-related traits. Additionally, we investigated whether body mass and body composition, as well as metabolic variables observed in physically active participants, are modulated by the FTO polymorphism. Methods： A group of 201 young Polish women were recruited for the study. The genotype distribution was examined in participants measured for selected changes before and after the completion of a 12-week training program. Results： Our results confirm the association between the common FTO A/T polymorphism and increased body mass index （BMI）. Subjects with AA and AT genotypes had higher BMI during the entire study period compared with the TT genotype. Although parameters such as BMI, basal metabolism rate, tissue independence, fat mass percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose changed significantly during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FTO genotypes （genotype × training interaction）. Conclusion： We confirm an association between the FTO A/T polymorphism and increased BMI; this polymorphism is therefore a candidate for influencing obesity and other disease-related phenotypes. Although the gene x physical activity interaction was not shown, we want to point out that promoting physical activity is an important approach to controlling the increasing obesity epidemic.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.展开更多
Room-temperature inversion of EPR absorption signals of P1 centre in synthetic diamond is studied by the transient nutation technique. Use of the bichromatic field, consisting of a transverse microwave field and longi...Room-temperature inversion of EPR absorption signals of P1 centre in synthetic diamond is studied by the transient nutation technique. Use of the bichromatic field, consisting of a transverse microwave field and longitudinal radio frequency field, allows to investigate the dynamics of P1 centres in the same field configuration as in cw EPR spectrometers. It is shown that the annealing decreases the P1 centre concentration and, respectively, increases the spin-spin relaxation time. As a result, the periodic inversion （nutation） of the P1 centre absorption signal is observed longer. It is assumed that the P1 centre signal inversion, which was previously observed by cw EPR, might be caused by the Bloch-Siegert effect in the bichromatic field.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the incidence of increased intraocular pressure(IOP)and glaucomatous changes in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients in comparison with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive treatment.METHODS:Si...AIM:To evaluate the incidence of increased intraocular pressure(IOP)and glaucomatous changes in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients in comparison with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive treatment.METHODS:Sixty-two women with SLE were divided into two groups:treated(n=47,94 eyes)and not treated(n=15,30 eyes)with systemic glucocorticosteroids(GC;GC-free).Twenty-one individuals in GC group were treated with immunosuppressive agents(immunomodulating and biologic).The visual acuity and IOP with ocular pulsatile amplitude(OPA)measurements,as well as scanning laser polarimetry(GDx)with nerve fiber index(NFI)measurement,spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)of the optic disk with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)analysis and the macular region with ganglion cell analysis(GCA)were performed.RESULTS:Mean IOP values in group with combined GC and immunosuppressive therapy was 15.8±2.56 mm Hg and was significantly lower than in individuals with exclusive GC treatment(17.63±4.38 mm Hg,P=0.043).Contrary,no dif ferences in mean IOP values between GC-free group and individuals treated with combined GC and immunosuppressive therapy were detected(P=0.563).Similarly,mean IOP in GC was 17.14±3.94 mm Hg and in GC-free patients was equal to 16.67±3.45 mm Hg(P=0.671).According to treatment regimen no statistical differences in optic disk SD-OCT for RNFL thickness,RNFL symmetry,cupping volume and the C/D ratio were observed.Similarly,no statistical differences for the mean and minimal ganglion cell layer(GCL)thickness measured in macular SD-OCT or NFI in GDx were detected.CONCLUSION:Combined immunosuppressive and systemic GC therapy in SLE patients may lower the risk of iatrogenic ocular hypertension.No relationship between treatment regimen and glaucomatous damage of optic nerve fibers in analyzed groups with SLE is detected.展开更多
Despite the development of translation studies, with its introduction of numerous new trends in translation as wellas translation and interpreting types, such as context-related negotiable interpreting introduced by T...Despite the development of translation studies, with its introduction of numerous new trends in translation as wellas translation and interpreting types, such as context-related negotiable interpreting introduced by Tryuk 2007, plusthe development of various competences1 shaping the profile of a translator/an interpreter, it seems that the role ofa translator does remain hermeneutic in nature, with the translator viewed as being an active and analytical reader2bridging various, often foreign, cultures. Both the translator and the translated text are subject to the influence ofnumerous geopolitical, historical, technological, religious, cultural, as well as institutional and legal aspects. Therole of being a mediator between a text, culture, a widely-understood context and linguistic peculiarities alsorequires from the translator to be able to use a vast range of strategies that conform to a given target pattern.Undoubtedly, one of the factors that impose a certain degree of constraint in the process of translation isstandardization. The phenomenon encompasses various spheres of life, with one of them being the educationsystem within the European context.展开更多
Pursuant to the Bologna Declaration of 1999, the establishment of the European Higher Education Area has entailed some standardization within the scope of terminology pertaining to tertiary education. Even though the ...Pursuant to the Bologna Declaration of 1999, the establishment of the European Higher Education Area has entailed some standardization within the scope of terminology pertaining to tertiary education. Even though the process has left some room for country specific terminology, with names of higher education institutions being often used in their original wording, just to avoid lack of clarity, translation of the names in question is often performed for informative and for diploma recognition purposes. The aspect of translation seems not to pose a significant problem with regard to current names of tertiary education as there exist both strict and transparent rules defined by the Polish law with regard to the naming process as well as guidelines issued by the Council of Europe determining the standardization of higher education in the countries of the Bologna Process signatories. It may, however, cause some difficulties, in the case of translation of names used in the past. The main thrust hereof is to present the way the tertiary education system in Poland developed in terms of applied terminology of proper names of higher education institutions. The analyzed issue is mostly supposed to depict restrictions within the naming process and to suggest translation into English that conforms to the currently binding Polish law and that takes into consideration the then binding laws in Poland. The legislative ground subject to the analysis is constituted by Polish acts, resolutions, and official announcements, while the period covered encompasses the time span between WWII and the present moment. The suggested translation is understood as a transfer of culture and presentation of the education system, depicted from a diachronic perspective.展开更多
Quantifying the coastal mean sea level change causing by the winter positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation index NAO＋ at the Gulf of Finland coast is of high priority for detecting and predicting the global...Quantifying the coastal mean sea level change causing by the winter positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation index NAO＋ at the Gulf of Finland coast is of high priority for detecting and predicting the global warming impact in this region. Both boreal winter months and season of three long-term data station series of the coastal mean sea levels and the NAO indices were linked for two cases, i.e.： different periods and the 1977-1994 period. This study is dedicated to： （1） Detecting the exclusive impacts of the NAO＋; （2） Estimating the significant standard bivariate linear regression models; （3） Calculating the climatic linear trend coefficient by using three methods （OLS, GLS, Theil-Sen）; （4） Correcting the mean sea level series anomalies by using the significant linear regression equations as a function of NAO＋ anomalies, over the period 1977-1994; （5） Calculating the realistic linear trend caused as a function of NAO＋ for period 1977-1994 in the context of the realistic portion of the global warming. The results reveal that, the NAO＋ manifests their impacts on the coastal mean sea levels and its contribution in the configured linear trends. The realistic linear changes have detected and predicted. The Gulf of Finland coast showed the wannest regions in the context of the realistic portion of the global warming during the winters of the period 1977-1994.展开更多
In this study,the relationships between five renewable energy sub-sectors markets and the geopolitical risk(GPR)and economic uncertainty indices(EUI)were examined using daily data from March 30,2012,to April 1,2022.Co...In this study,the relationships between five renewable energy sub-sectors markets and the geopolitical risk(GPR)and economic uncertainty indices(EUI)were examined using daily data from March 30,2012,to April 1,2022.Convergent cross mapping results show that the renewable energy indices have definite relationships with the GPR and EUI.The renewable energy indices show differences in response directions,speed and trends for a standard information difference impulse from the GPR and the EUI.A positive dynamic conditional correlation between renewable energies and EUI was observed in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 outbreak.In contrast,there was a relatively decreased effect for two risk indices during the Russia-Ukraine conflict of February-March 2022.Our results show that renewable energy may act as a time-varying hedge against economic uncertainty and GPR owing to its safehaven properties at various scales.Moreover,building more secure and reliable renewable energy systems can help countries to increase their energy independence,which protects them against the risks of political and economic uncertainty.展开更多
In the presented model the wave function describing the electron is a superposition of contributions from individual components of the system, in the case of metals -- lattice ions and in this sense refers not to a si...In the presented model the wave function describing the electron is a superposition of contributions from individual components of the system, in the case of metals -- lattice ions and in this sense refers not to a single electron, but rather to the system as a whole. An unconventional approach to the Schrtdinger equation can provide a simple analytical relationship between the total energy of the electron and the wave number. This expression can directly determine the basic parameters such as Fermi radius, the screening radius or work function and also produce a graphical interpretation of the Fermi surface.展开更多
A new monotypic diatom genus Chinia gen.nov.from estuarine mangrove habitats in Fujian,China is described.Light,scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations of its morphology show that this diatom differ...A new monotypic diatom genus Chinia gen.nov.from estuarine mangrove habitats in Fujian,China is described.Light,scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations of its morphology show that this diatom differs from any established raphid diatom genus.The new genus is distinguished by a strongly undulate valve face,eccentric raphe canal,and perforated copulae.Its distinctly elevated and perforated raphe canal,classifi ed as simonsenioid type,is supported by sparse infundibulum-like portulae,and the portulae are separated by large fenestrae.The valves of Chinia also have hymenate areolar occlusions and the raphe lacks a central nodule.However,unlike most Bacillariaceae with two plastids,including Simonsenia,Chinia has a single plastid similar to those in Entomoneis and Surirella.Despite the similarities to Simonsenia,Chinia features porous raphe canal and loose striation,which is different from those of Simonsenia that has a solid raphe canal and distinct rows of areolae.These distinctive cytological and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Bacillariaceae.展开更多
This paper investigates the effect of the circular economy on CO_(2)emissions growth by considering the role of energy transition,climate policy stringency,industrialization,and supply chain pressure from 1997 to 2020...This paper investigates the effect of the circular economy on CO_(2)emissions growth by considering the role of energy transition,climate policy stringency,industrialization,and supply chain pressure from 1997 to 2020 using panel quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lags(QARDL)and the panel PMG.We employ cointegration association in the long run among the variables,and the results of the two models confirm this.Findings reveal that circular economy and climate policy stringency significantly negatively impact carbon emissions.On the other hand,the energy transition,industrialization,and supply chain pressures are crucial to determining CO_(2)emissions in the short and long run.The finding further explores that municipal waste generation recycling is considerable at the mean and upper 90th quantiles than the lower quantile.Therefore,the empirical results of the current study provide acumens for policymakers of advanced economies and emerging markets to maintain the balance among circular economy,energy transition,environmental policy stringency,and supply chain pressure for reducing CO_(2)emissions without halting economic growth and sustainable development.Furthermore,practical implications are reported through the lens of carbon neutrality and structural changes.展开更多
Erratum to:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0 The title of this article contains a few mistakes.The correct one is given below:Chinia gen.nov.—a second diatom genus with the simonsenioid raphe type from mangro...Erratum to:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0 The title of this article contains a few mistakes.The correct one is given below:Chinia gen.nov.—a second diatom genus with the simonsenioid raphe type from mangroves in Fujian Province,China*The online version of the original articles can be found at:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0.展开更多
Both winter DJF （December, January, February） months and DJF season means long-term data series of 50 regulated rivers discharges rates and the NAO indices were analyzed for different spans. This study is dictated ...Both winter DJF （December, January, February） months and DJF season means long-term data series of 50 regulated rivers discharges rates and the NAO indices were analyzed for different spans. This study is dictated for： （1） detecting the exclusive impacts of the positive phases of NAO indices on rivers discharges rates by estimating the Linear Correlation Coefficient; （2） modeling the interrelations between the discharges rates and NAO indices by estimating the Linear Regression Models, both for manifesting the impact of the positive phase of NAO index; （3） estimating the Linear Trend Coefficient in the discharge series, for manifesting the contribution of the positive phase of NAO index. Discharge rates are mainly influenced by the two mechanisms： the positive phase of NAO index and the environmental conditions in specific catchments, that is where, the positive phase of the NAO index manifest its impact on the related rivers discharges and its contribution in the related configured trends. The discharges fluctuations patterns show some increase in the discharges values have been occurred in regions around the Northern Baltic Proper as well as in Southern Finland and Sweden. The rivers such as Lagan, Nissan, Helgean, Venta, Pamu, Porvoonjoki, Lapuanjoki, Oulujoki, Kyronjoki, Wisla, Eurajoki, Odra, Lielupe, Gota alv, Motala strom, Nykopingsan, Vuoksi, Kalajoki and Simojoki haven not linear discharges changes registered depending on the specificity of the environmental conditions at the catchments areas for those rivers. The positive phase of NAO index has a linear relation with impacted river discharge.展开更多
Dear Editor,Remediation of cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil is a popular topic in global environmental science.Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulators or certain plants to accumulate and remove Cd from polluted soils is...Dear Editor,Remediation of cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil is a popular topic in global environmental science.Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulators or certain plants to accumulate and remove Cd from polluted soils is a promising approach.Wei et al.(2005)first described Solanum nigrum L.as a Cd hyperaccumulator.Subsequently,various aspects of S.nigrum,including the protective effects on proline,physiological and biochemical responses,earthworms,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,and fertilizers and the intercropping with Solanum photeinocarpum,have been extensively studied(Xu et al.,2009;Khan et al.,2014;Wang et al.,2015;Tang et al.,2017;Yang et al.,2019).展开更多
Rye(Secale cereale)is an important crop with multiple uses and a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding.However,due to its complex genome and outcrossing nature,the origin of cultivated rye remains elusive.The g...Rye(Secale cereale)is an important crop with multiple uses and a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding.However,due to its complex genome and outcrossing nature,the origin of cultivated rye remains elusive.The geneticist N.I.Vavilov proposed that cultivated rye had been domesticated from weedy rye,rather than directly from wild species like other crops.Unraveling the domestication history of rye will extend our understanding of crop evolution and upend our inherent understanding of agricultural weeds.To this end,in this study we generated the 8.5 Tb of whole-genome resequencing data from 116 worldwide accessions of wild,weedy,and cultivated rye,and demonstrated that cultivated rye was domesticated directly from weedy relatives with a similar but enhanced genomic selection by humans.We found that a repertoire of genes that experienced artificial selection is associated with important agronomic traits,including shattering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Furthermore,we identified a composite introgression in cultivated rye from the wild perennial Secale strictum and detected a 2-Mb introgressed fragment containing a candidate ammonium transporter gene with potential effect on the grain yield and plant growth of rye.Taken together,our findings unravel the domestication history of cultivated rye,suggest that interspecific introgression serves as one of the likely causes of obscure species taxonomy of the genus Secale,and provide an important resource for future rye and wheat breeding.展开更多
Every species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables...Every species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables correlated with species population abundance/occurrence. We investigated how the structure of the urban landscape, food resources, potential competitors, predators, and interaction between these factors influence the abundance of house sparrow Passer domesticus and the tree sparrow P. montanus in sixty 25 ha plots distributed randomly across residential areas of the city of Pozna5 （Poland）. The abundance of the house sparrow was positively correlated with the abundance of pigeons but negatively correlated with human-related food resources. There were significant interaction terms between abundances of other urban species and habitat variables in statistical models. For example, the abundance of house sparrow was negatively correlated with the abundance of corvids and tree sparrows but only when food resources were low. The abundance of tree sparrows positively correlated with density of streets and the distance from the city center. The abundance of this species positively correlated with the abundance of corvids when food resources were low but negatively correlated at low covers of green area. Our study indicates that associations between food resources, habitat covers, and the relative abundance of two sparrow species are altered by the abundance of other urban species. Competition, niche separation and social facilitation may be responsible for these interactive effects. Thus, biotic interactions should be included not only as an additive effect but also as an interaction term between abundance and habitat variables in statistical models predicting species abundance and occu rrence.展开更多
The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,...The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,without electric field).High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2,which could partly explain the increase in GP.Cd accumulation(μg/pot)in S.nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in CK without electric field.Specif-ically,Cd accumulation under the treatment T3(stainless steel electrode)was the highest both in roots and shoots;this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7%and 67.4%higher for stainless steel than in CK.This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass.In par-ticular,Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK(p<0.05),which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region.Furthermore,it could be attributed to al-tered soil pH and other soil properties.Moreover,none of the biomasses were significantly affected(p<0.05)by different electrode materials compared to CK.展开更多
This paper continues the senior author’s previous investigation of the slowly rotating Timoshenko beam in a horizontal plane whose movement is controlled by the angular acceleration of the disk of the driving motor i...This paper continues the senior author’s previous investigation of the slowly rotating Timoshenko beam in a horizontal plane whose movement is controlled by the angular acceleration of the disk of the driving motor into which the beam is rigidly clamped.It was shown before that this system preserves the total energy.We consider the problem of stability of the system after introducing a particular type of damping.We show that the energy of only part of the system vanishes.We illustrate obtained solution with the critical case of the infinite value of the damping coefficient.展开更多
文摘This paper looks at public transport in the city of Szczecin.In the recent years,new means of transport have been offered by both external companies and the city.Many city inhabitants have swapped buses for city bikes,scooters and electric scooters available in large cities.A questionnaire survey has been designed to examine the public opinion on the best transport services offered by external companies and whether life quality in the city has improved owing to a wide offering of means of public transport.The paper aims at an analysis and assessment of the city transport services offered and how they influence the quality of life in the city of Szczecin.
基金supported by National Science Centre of Poland(No.2012/07/B/NZ7/01155)
文摘Background： The first described obesity-susceptibility gene was the fat mass and obesity-associated （FTO） gene. However, knowledge about FTO＇s potential modifying effect on changes in body weight achieved through a training program is still limited. We decided to study the association between the FTO A/T polymorphism （rs9939609） and obesity-related traits. Additionally, we investigated whether body mass and body composition, as well as metabolic variables observed in physically active participants, are modulated by the FTO polymorphism. Methods： A group of 201 young Polish women were recruited for the study. The genotype distribution was examined in participants measured for selected changes before and after the completion of a 12-week training program. Results： Our results confirm the association between the common FTO A/T polymorphism and increased body mass index （BMI）. Subjects with AA and AT genotypes had higher BMI during the entire study period compared with the TT genotype. Although parameters such as BMI, basal metabolism rate, tissue independence, fat mass percentage, fat mass, fat-free mass, total body water, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose changed significantly during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FTO genotypes （genotype × training interaction）. Conclusion： We confirm an association between the FTO A/T polymorphism and increased BMI; this polymorphism is therefore a candidate for influencing obesity and other disease-related phenotypes. Although the gene x physical activity interaction was not shown, we want to point out that promoting physical activity is an important approach to controlling the increasing obesity epidemic.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.
文摘Room-temperature inversion of EPR absorption signals of P1 centre in synthetic diamond is studied by the transient nutation technique. Use of the bichromatic field, consisting of a transverse microwave field and longitudinal radio frequency field, allows to investigate the dynamics of P1 centres in the same field configuration as in cw EPR spectrometers. It is shown that the annealing decreases the P1 centre concentration and, respectively, increases the spin-spin relaxation time. As a result, the periodic inversion （nutation） of the P1 centre absorption signal is observed longer. It is assumed that the P1 centre signal inversion, which was previously observed by cw EPR, might be caused by the Bloch-Siegert effect in the bichromatic field.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the incidence of increased intraocular pressure(IOP)and glaucomatous changes in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)patients in comparison with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive treatment.METHODS:Sixty-two women with SLE were divided into two groups:treated(n=47,94 eyes)and not treated(n=15,30 eyes)with systemic glucocorticosteroids(GC;GC-free).Twenty-one individuals in GC group were treated with immunosuppressive agents(immunomodulating and biologic).The visual acuity and IOP with ocular pulsatile amplitude(OPA)measurements,as well as scanning laser polarimetry(GDx)with nerve fiber index(NFI)measurement,spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)of the optic disk with retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)analysis and the macular region with ganglion cell analysis(GCA)were performed.RESULTS:Mean IOP values in group with combined GC and immunosuppressive therapy was 15.8±2.56 mm Hg and was significantly lower than in individuals with exclusive GC treatment(17.63±4.38 mm Hg,P=0.043).Contrary,no dif ferences in mean IOP values between GC-free group and individuals treated with combined GC and immunosuppressive therapy were detected(P=0.563).Similarly,mean IOP in GC was 17.14±3.94 mm Hg and in GC-free patients was equal to 16.67±3.45 mm Hg(P=0.671).According to treatment regimen no statistical differences in optic disk SD-OCT for RNFL thickness,RNFL symmetry,cupping volume and the C/D ratio were observed.Similarly,no statistical differences for the mean and minimal ganglion cell layer(GCL)thickness measured in macular SD-OCT or NFI in GDx were detected.CONCLUSION:Combined immunosuppressive and systemic GC therapy in SLE patients may lower the risk of iatrogenic ocular hypertension.No relationship between treatment regimen and glaucomatous damage of optic nerve fibers in analyzed groups with SLE is detected.
文摘Despite the development of translation studies, with its introduction of numerous new trends in translation as wellas translation and interpreting types, such as context-related negotiable interpreting introduced by Tryuk 2007, plusthe development of various competences1 shaping the profile of a translator/an interpreter, it seems that the role ofa translator does remain hermeneutic in nature, with the translator viewed as being an active and analytical reader2bridging various, often foreign, cultures. Both the translator and the translated text are subject to the influence ofnumerous geopolitical, historical, technological, religious, cultural, as well as institutional and legal aspects. Therole of being a mediator between a text, culture, a widely-understood context and linguistic peculiarities alsorequires from the translator to be able to use a vast range of strategies that conform to a given target pattern.Undoubtedly, one of the factors that impose a certain degree of constraint in the process of translation isstandardization. The phenomenon encompasses various spheres of life, with one of them being the educationsystem within the European context.
文摘Pursuant to the Bologna Declaration of 1999, the establishment of the European Higher Education Area has entailed some standardization within the scope of terminology pertaining to tertiary education. Even though the process has left some room for country specific terminology, with names of higher education institutions being often used in their original wording, just to avoid lack of clarity, translation of the names in question is often performed for informative and for diploma recognition purposes. The aspect of translation seems not to pose a significant problem with regard to current names of tertiary education as there exist both strict and transparent rules defined by the Polish law with regard to the naming process as well as guidelines issued by the Council of Europe determining the standardization of higher education in the countries of the Bologna Process signatories. It may, however, cause some difficulties, in the case of translation of names used in the past. The main thrust hereof is to present the way the tertiary education system in Poland developed in terms of applied terminology of proper names of higher education institutions. The analyzed issue is mostly supposed to depict restrictions within the naming process and to suggest translation into English that conforms to the currently binding Polish law and that takes into consideration the then binding laws in Poland. The legislative ground subject to the analysis is constituted by Polish acts, resolutions, and official announcements, while the period covered encompasses the time span between WWII and the present moment. The suggested translation is understood as a transfer of culture and presentation of the education system, depicted from a diachronic perspective.
文摘Quantifying the coastal mean sea level change causing by the winter positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation index NAO＋ at the Gulf of Finland coast is of high priority for detecting and predicting the global warming impact in this region. Both boreal winter months and season of three long-term data station series of the coastal mean sea levels and the NAO indices were linked for two cases, i.e.： different periods and the 1977-1994 period. This study is dedicated to： （1） Detecting the exclusive impacts of the NAO＋; （2） Estimating the significant standard bivariate linear regression models; （3） Calculating the climatic linear trend coefficient by using three methods （OLS, GLS, Theil-Sen）; （4） Correcting the mean sea level series anomalies by using the significant linear regression equations as a function of NAO＋ anomalies, over the period 1977-1994; （5） Calculating the realistic linear trend caused as a function of NAO＋ for period 1977-1994 in the context of the realistic portion of the global warming. The results reveal that, the NAO＋ manifests their impacts on the coastal mean sea levels and its contribution in the configured linear trends. The realistic linear changes have detected and predicted. The Gulf of Finland coast showed the wannest regions in the context of the realistic portion of the global warming during the winters of the period 1977-1994.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation(Grant No.22YJC910014)the Social Sciences Planning Youth Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.AHSKQ2022D138)+2 种基金the Anhui Province Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.2023AH030015)the Innovation Development Research Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.2023CX507)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71934001).
文摘In this study,the relationships between five renewable energy sub-sectors markets and the geopolitical risk(GPR)and economic uncertainty indices(EUI)were examined using daily data from March 30,2012,to April 1,2022.Convergent cross mapping results show that the renewable energy indices have definite relationships with the GPR and EUI.The renewable energy indices show differences in response directions,speed and trends for a standard information difference impulse from the GPR and the EUI.A positive dynamic conditional correlation between renewable energies and EUI was observed in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 outbreak.In contrast,there was a relatively decreased effect for two risk indices during the Russia-Ukraine conflict of February-March 2022.Our results show that renewable energy may act as a time-varying hedge against economic uncertainty and GPR owing to its safehaven properties at various scales.Moreover,building more secure and reliable renewable energy systems can help countries to increase their energy independence,which protects them against the risks of political and economic uncertainty.
文摘In the presented model the wave function describing the electron is a superposition of contributions from individual components of the system, in the case of metals -- lattice ions and in this sense refers not to a single electron, but rather to the system as a whole. An unconventional approach to the Schrtdinger equation can provide a simple analytical relationship between the total energy of the electron and the wave number. This expression can directly determine the basic parameters such as Fermi radius, the screening radius or work function and also produce a graphical interpretation of the Fermi surface.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0601302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076114,41876146,41776124)。
文摘A new monotypic diatom genus Chinia gen.nov.from estuarine mangrove habitats in Fujian,China is described.Light,scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations of its morphology show that this diatom differs from any established raphid diatom genus.The new genus is distinguished by a strongly undulate valve face,eccentric raphe canal,and perforated copulae.Its distinctly elevated and perforated raphe canal,classifi ed as simonsenioid type,is supported by sparse infundibulum-like portulae,and the portulae are separated by large fenestrae.The valves of Chinia also have hymenate areolar occlusions and the raphe lacks a central nodule.However,unlike most Bacillariaceae with two plastids,including Simonsenia,Chinia has a single plastid similar to those in Entomoneis and Surirella.Despite the similarities to Simonsenia,Chinia features porous raphe canal and loose striation,which is different from those of Simonsenia that has a solid raphe canal and distinct rows of areolae.These distinctive cytological and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Bacillariaceae.
文摘This paper investigates the effect of the circular economy on CO_(2)emissions growth by considering the role of energy transition,climate policy stringency,industrialization,and supply chain pressure from 1997 to 2020 using panel quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lags(QARDL)and the panel PMG.We employ cointegration association in the long run among the variables,and the results of the two models confirm this.Findings reveal that circular economy and climate policy stringency significantly negatively impact carbon emissions.On the other hand,the energy transition,industrialization,and supply chain pressures are crucial to determining CO_(2)emissions in the short and long run.The finding further explores that municipal waste generation recycling is considerable at the mean and upper 90th quantiles than the lower quantile.Therefore,the empirical results of the current study provide acumens for policymakers of advanced economies and emerging markets to maintain the balance among circular economy,energy transition,environmental policy stringency,and supply chain pressure for reducing CO_(2)emissions without halting economic growth and sustainable development.Furthermore,practical implications are reported through the lens of carbon neutrality and structural changes.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0601302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076114,41876146,41776124)。
文摘Erratum to:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0 The title of this article contains a few mistakes.The correct one is given below:Chinia gen.nov.—a second diatom genus with the simonsenioid raphe type from mangroves in Fujian Province,China*The online version of the original articles can be found at:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0.
文摘Both winter DJF （December, January, February） months and DJF season means long-term data series of 50 regulated rivers discharges rates and the NAO indices were analyzed for different spans. This study is dictated for： （1） detecting the exclusive impacts of the positive phases of NAO indices on rivers discharges rates by estimating the Linear Correlation Coefficient; （2） modeling the interrelations between the discharges rates and NAO indices by estimating the Linear Regression Models, both for manifesting the impact of the positive phase of NAO index; （3） estimating the Linear Trend Coefficient in the discharge series, for manifesting the contribution of the positive phase of NAO index. Discharge rates are mainly influenced by the two mechanisms： the positive phase of NAO index and the environmental conditions in specific catchments, that is where, the positive phase of the NAO index manifest its impact on the related rivers discharges and its contribution in the related configured trends. The discharges fluctuations patterns show some increase in the discharges values have been occurred in regions around the Northern Baltic Proper as well as in Southern Finland and Sweden. The rivers such as Lagan, Nissan, Helgean, Venta, Pamu, Porvoonjoki, Lapuanjoki, Oulujoki, Kyronjoki, Wisla, Eurajoki, Odra, Lielupe, Gota alv, Motala strom, Nykopingsan, Vuoksi, Kalajoki and Simojoki haven not linear discharges changes registered depending on the specificity of the environmental conditions at the catchments areas for those rivers. The positive phase of NAO index has a linear relation with impacted river discharge.
基金supported by Sanqin Talents,Shaanxi Provincial First-class Team——“Contaminated Soil Remediation and Resource Utilization Innovation Team at Shaanxi University of Technology”,China,Shaanxi University of Technology Research Ability Enhancement Project,China(No.SLGNL202405)Qin Chuangyuan“Scientists+Engineers”Team Construction in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024QCY-KXJ-104)+5 种基金the Open Fund of Cultivation State Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,China(No.SLGPT2019KF0402)Qinba Bioremediation and Resource Development Research and Innovation Base,China(No.2022-ZC-GXYZ0029)the Project of Foreign Experts Bureau of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024WZ-ZDXM-15)the Project of Foreign Experts Bureau of China(Nos.G2023041029L and DL2023041006L)the City University Co-construction of Shaanxi Province,China(No.SXJ-2101)the program financed by Poland Minister of Science under the“Regional Excellence Initiative”for 2024–2027。
文摘Dear Editor,Remediation of cadmium(Cd)-contaminated soil is a popular topic in global environmental science.Phytoremediation using hyperaccumulators or certain plants to accumulate and remove Cd from polluted soils is a promising approach.Wei et al.(2005)first described Solanum nigrum L.as a Cd hyperaccumulator.Subsequently,various aspects of S.nigrum,including the protective effects on proline,physiological and biochemical responses,earthworms,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,and fertilizers and the intercropping with Solanum photeinocarpum,have been extensively studied(Xu et al.,2009;Khan et al.,2014;Wang et al.,2015;Tang et al.,2017;Yang et al.,2019).
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(grant 9143511)Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(grant 2020C02002)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(grant LZ17C130001)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,and the 111 Project(grant B17039)to L.F.
文摘Rye(Secale cereale)is an important crop with multiple uses and a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding.However,due to its complex genome and outcrossing nature,the origin of cultivated rye remains elusive.The geneticist N.I.Vavilov proposed that cultivated rye had been domesticated from weedy rye,rather than directly from wild species like other crops.Unraveling the domestication history of rye will extend our understanding of crop evolution and upend our inherent understanding of agricultural weeds.To this end,in this study we generated the 8.5 Tb of whole-genome resequencing data from 116 worldwide accessions of wild,weedy,and cultivated rye,and demonstrated that cultivated rye was domesticated directly from weedy relatives with a similar but enhanced genomic selection by humans.We found that a repertoire of genes that experienced artificial selection is associated with important agronomic traits,including shattering,grain yield,and disease resistance.Furthermore,we identified a composite introgression in cultivated rye from the wild perennial Secale strictum and detected a 2-Mb introgressed fragment containing a candidate ammonium transporter gene with potential effect on the grain yield and plant growth of rye.Taken together,our findings unravel the domestication history of cultivated rye,suggest that interspecific introgression serves as one of the likely causes of obscure species taxonomy of the genus Secale,and provide an important resource for future rye and wheat breeding.
文摘Every species has certain habitat requirements, which may be altered by interactions with other co-occurring species. These interactions are mostly ignored in predictive models trying to identify key habitat variables correlated with species population abundance/occurrence. We investigated how the structure of the urban landscape, food resources, potential competitors, predators, and interaction between these factors influence the abundance of house sparrow Passer domesticus and the tree sparrow P. montanus in sixty 25 ha plots distributed randomly across residential areas of the city of Pozna5 （Poland）. The abundance of the house sparrow was positively correlated with the abundance of pigeons but negatively correlated with human-related food resources. There were significant interaction terms between abundances of other urban species and habitat variables in statistical models. For example, the abundance of house sparrow was negatively correlated with the abundance of corvids and tree sparrows but only when food resources were low. The abundance of tree sparrows positively correlated with density of streets and the distance from the city center. The abundance of this species positively correlated with the abundance of corvids when food resources were low but negatively correlated at low covers of green area. Our study indicates that associations between food resources, habitat covers, and the relative abundance of two sparrow species are altered by the abundance of other urban species. Competition, niche separation and social facilitation may be responsible for these interactive effects. Thus, biotic interactions should be included not only as an additive effect but also as an interaction term between abundance and habitat variables in statistical models predicting species abundance and occu rrence.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31870488,41571300)the Open Fund of Cultivation State Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Shaanxi University of Technology(No.SLGPT2019KF04-02)the project of Foreign Experts Bureau of Shaanxi province of China(No.G20200241015).
文摘The effects of different electrode on Solanum nigrum L.seed germination were determined.The result showed that germination percentage(GP)of seeds in treatment T2(titanium elec-trode)was 26.6%higher than in control(CK,without electric field).High potassium and calcium concentrations were beneficial for seed enzymatic activity in treatment T2,which could partly explain the increase in GP.Cd accumulation(μg/pot)in S.nigrum treated with any electric field was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in CK without electric field.Specif-ically,Cd accumulation under the treatment T3(stainless steel electrode)was the highest both in roots and shoots;this accumulation in shoots and roots were 74.7%and 67.4%higher for stainless steel than in CK.This increase must have been associated with a higher Cd concentration in plants and did not exert a significant effect on the biomass.In par-ticular,Cd concentrations in roots and shoots under stainless steel treatment were both significantly higher than in CK(p<0.05),which had to be related to the higher available Cd concentration in the soil in the middle region.Furthermore,it could be attributed to al-tered soil pH and other soil properties.Moreover,none of the biomasses were significantly affected(p<0.05)by different electrode materials compared to CK.
文摘This paper continues the senior author’s previous investigation of the slowly rotating Timoshenko beam in a horizontal plane whose movement is controlled by the angular acceleration of the disk of the driving motor into which the beam is rigidly clamped.It was shown before that this system preserves the total energy.We consider the problem of stability of the system after introducing a particular type of damping.We show that the energy of only part of the system vanishes.We illustrate obtained solution with the critical case of the infinite value of the damping coefficient.
