AIM: To investigate the low gastric cancer incidence rate relative to the highly prevalent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection; data relevant to H. pylori infection during gastric carcinogenesis in Indian patien...AIM: To investigate the low gastric cancer incidence rate relative to the highly prevalent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection; data relevant to H. pylori infection during gastric carcinogenesis in Indian patients is currently lacking.展开更多
A case is presented of rectal carcinoma in which during staging by endoscopic ultrasound （EUS） a second large extra recta l mass was seen not otherwise visualized on computer tomograghy （CT） that was a solitary ov...A case is presented of rectal carcinoma in which during staging by endoscopic ultrasound （EUS） a second large extra recta l mass was seen not otherwise visualized on computer tomograghy （CT） that was a solitary ovarian metastasis. The surgeon was alerted to the EUS finding prior to the planned laparoscopic colectomy. On retrospective review of the CT pelvis after surgery, the radiologist could still not diagnose the ovarian lesion separated from the primary rectal tumor due to their close proximity. However, on EUS we were able to clearly see on real-time imaging that there was a distinct peri-rectal mass apart from the primary rectal tumor.展开更多
Nonspecific shoulder pain is common presentation among elderly patients and patients with a history of cancer. The major concern of shoulder pain in cancer patients is the development of metastases. MRI of the shoulde...Nonspecific shoulder pain is common presentation among elderly patients and patients with a history of cancer. The major concern of shoulder pain in cancer patients is the development of metastases. MRI of the shoulder is the most commonly used imaging modality for assessment of suspected soft tissue pathologies associated with the shoulder pain. In this study, we try to examine the role of shoulder MRI in elderly patients with a history of cancer presenting with nonspecific shoulder complaints for assessment of metastases.展开更多
Objective To investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of diameter equal to or less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)alters the response of lung epithelial cells to extrinsic regulation by globally profiling cell surface li...Objective To investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of diameter equal to or less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)alters the response of lung epithelial cells to extrinsic regulation by globally profiling cell surface ligands and quantifying their binding activity.Methods Human A549 lung epithelial cells(LECs)were treated with or without PM2.5.Ligandomic profiling was applied to these cells for the global identification of LEC-binding ligands with simultaneous quantification of binding activity.Quantitative comparisons of the entire ligandome profiles systematically identified ligands with increased or decreased binding to PM2.5-treated LECs.Results We found 143 ligands with increased binding to PM2.5-treated LECs and 404 ligands with decreased binding.Many other ligands showed no change in binding activity.For example,apolipoprotein E(ApoE),Notch2,and growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6)represent ligands with increased,decreased,or unchanged binding activity,respectively.Both ApoE and Gas6 are phagocytosis ligands,suggesting that phagocytic receptors on LECs after stimulation with PM2.5 were differentially upregulated by PM2.5.Conclusion These results suggest that the newly-developed ligandomics is a valuable approach to globally profile the response of LECs to PM2.5 in terms of regulating the expression of cell surface receptors,as quantified by ligand binding activity.This quantitative ligandome profiling will provide indepth understanding of the LEC molecular response on the cell surface to particulate matter air pollution.展开更多
Recently published Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5.a. (MPPG 5.a.) by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) sets the minimum requirements for treatment planning system (TPS) dose algorithm commissi...Recently published Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5.a. (MPPG 5.a.) by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) sets the minimum requirements for treatment planning system (TPS) dose algorithm commissioning and quality assurance (QA). The guideline recommends some validation tests and tolerances based primarily on published AAPM task group reports and the criteria used by IROC Houston. We performed the commissioning and validation of the dose algorithms for both megavoltage photon and electron beams on three linacs following MPPG 5.a. We designed the validation experiments in an attempt to highlight the evaluation method and tolerance criteria recommended by the guideline. It seems that comparison of dose profiles using in-water scan is an effective technique for basic photon and electron validation. IMRT/VMAT dose calculation is recommended to be tested with some TG-119 and clinical cases, but no consensus of the tolerance exists. Extensive validation tests have provided the better understanding of the accuracy and limitation of a specific dose calculation algorithm. We believe that some tests and evaluation criteria given in the guideline can be further refined.展开更多
The present letter to the editor corresponds to the article entitled“Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings,imaging modalities,and the role of radiology in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)...The present letter to the editor corresponds to the article entitled“Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings,imaging modalities,and the role of radiology in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic”by Pal et al,published in World J Radiol.2021;13(9):258-282.With zero to unknown prevalence,COVID-19 has created a heterogeneous and unforeseen situation across the world.Healthcare providers encountered new challenges in image interpretation,characterization,and prognostication of the disease.Pal et al delineated the radiological findings,which would guide the radiologists to identify the early signs of severe infection.展开更多
Change has come slowly to the field of neuro-ophthalmology.The major transformative innovations in diagnostic neuroimaging occurred decades ago but the field remained mostly a diagnostic subspecialty.Over the past few...Change has come slowly to the field of neuro-ophthalmology.The major transformative innovations in diagnostic neuroimaging occurred decades ago but the field remained mostly a diagnostic subspecialty.Over the past few years however a new birth of innovative translational tests and treatments have emerged and have accelerated progress in neuro-ophthalmology.This dramatic wave of new testing and treatment modalities is the impetus for this monograph entitled“Progress in neuro-ophthalmology.”We hope that you enjoy this information and the continued and evolving journey of our specialty from the diagnostic to the therapeutic realm.展开更多
Small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of lung cancer,for which,better understandings of its biology are urgently needed.Single-cell sequencing technologies provide an opportunity to pro...Small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of lung cancer,for which,better understandings of its biology are urgently needed.Single-cell sequencing technologies provide an opportunity to profile individual cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME)and investigate their roles in tumorigenic processes.Here,we performed high-precision single-cell transcriptomic analysis of~5000 individual cells from primary tumors(PTs)and matched normal adjacent tissues(NATs)from 11 SCLC patients,including one patient with both PT and relapsed tumor(RT).The comparison revealed an immunosuppressive landscape of human SCLC.Malignant cells in SCLC tumors exhibited diverse states mainly related to the cell cycle,immune,and hypoxic properties.Our data also revealed the intratumor heterogeneity(ITH)of key transcription factors(TFs)in SCLC and related gene expression patterns and functions.The non-neuroendocrine(non-NE)tumors were correlated with increased inflammatory gene signatures and immune cell infiltrates in SCLC,which contributed to better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.These findings indicate a significant heterogeneity of human SCLC,and intensive crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME at single-cell resolution,and thus,set the stage for a better understanding of the biology of SCLC as well as for developing new therapeutics for SCLC.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)and short RNA fragments(18–25 nt)are crucial biomarkers in biological research and disease diagnostics.However,their accurate and rapid detection remains a challenge,largely due to their low abundanc...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)and short RNA fragments(18–25 nt)are crucial biomarkers in biological research and disease diagnostics.However,their accurate and rapid detection remains a challenge,largely due to their low abundance,short length,and sequence similarities.In this study,we report on a highly sensitive,one-step RNA O-circle amplification(ROA)assay for rapid and accurate miRNA detection.The ROA assay commences with the hybridization of a circular probe with the test RNA,followed by a linear rolling circle amplification(RCA)using dUTP.This amplification process is facilitated by U-nick reactions,which lead to an exponential amplification for readout.Under optimized conditions,assays can be completed within an hour,producing an amplification yield up to the microgram level,with a detection limit as low as 0.15 fmol(6 pM).Notably,the ROA assay requires only one step,and the results can be easily read visually,making it user-friendly.This ROA assay has proven effective in detecting various miRNAs and phage ssRNA.Overall,the ROA assay offers a user-friendly,rapid,and accurate solution for miRNA detection.展开更多
基金Supported by Extramural and Intramural Research Grants from the Department of Science and Technology,Department of Biotechnology and Indian Council of Medical Research,Government of India to Bharti AC and ICMR Senior Research Fellowship,3/2/2/11/2010/NCD-Ⅲto Pandey A
文摘AIM: To investigate the low gastric cancer incidence rate relative to the highly prevalent Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection; data relevant to H. pylori infection during gastric carcinogenesis in Indian patients is currently lacking.
文摘A case is presented of rectal carcinoma in which during staging by endoscopic ultrasound （EUS） a second large extra recta l mass was seen not otherwise visualized on computer tomograghy （CT） that was a solitary ovarian metastasis. The surgeon was alerted to the EUS finding prior to the planned laparoscopic colectomy. On retrospective review of the CT pelvis after surgery, the radiologist could still not diagnose the ovarian lesion separated from the primary rectal tumor due to their close proximity. However, on EUS we were able to clearly see on real-time imaging that there was a distinct peri-rectal mass apart from the primary rectal tumor.
文摘Nonspecific shoulder pain is common presentation among elderly patients and patients with a history of cancer. The major concern of shoulder pain in cancer patients is the development of metastases. MRI of the shoulder is the most commonly used imaging modality for assessment of suspected soft tissue pathologies associated with the shoulder pain. In this study, we try to examine the role of shoulder MRI in elderly patients with a history of cancer presenting with nonspecific shoulder complaints for assessment of metastases.
基金supported by the National Institute of Health under Grant#R01EY027749-01A1,#R24EY028764-01A1,#R21EY027065-02,#R41EY027665-01A1 to LW,and#P30-EY014801The American Diabetes Association under Grant#1-18-IBS-172 to LW+1 种基金An institutional grant from Research to Prevent BlindnessThe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant#81573112 and#81373030 to WWD.
文摘Objective To investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of diameter equal to or less than 2.5μm(PM2.5)alters the response of lung epithelial cells to extrinsic regulation by globally profiling cell surface ligands and quantifying their binding activity.Methods Human A549 lung epithelial cells(LECs)were treated with or without PM2.5.Ligandomic profiling was applied to these cells for the global identification of LEC-binding ligands with simultaneous quantification of binding activity.Quantitative comparisons of the entire ligandome profiles systematically identified ligands with increased or decreased binding to PM2.5-treated LECs.Results We found 143 ligands with increased binding to PM2.5-treated LECs and 404 ligands with decreased binding.Many other ligands showed no change in binding activity.For example,apolipoprotein E(ApoE),Notch2,and growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6)represent ligands with increased,decreased,or unchanged binding activity,respectively.Both ApoE and Gas6 are phagocytosis ligands,suggesting that phagocytic receptors on LECs after stimulation with PM2.5 were differentially upregulated by PM2.5.Conclusion These results suggest that the newly-developed ligandomics is a valuable approach to globally profile the response of LECs to PM2.5 in terms of regulating the expression of cell surface receptors,as quantified by ligand binding activity.This quantitative ligandome profiling will provide indepth understanding of the LEC molecular response on the cell surface to particulate matter air pollution.
文摘Recently published Medical Physics Practice Guideline 5.a. (MPPG 5.a.) by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) sets the minimum requirements for treatment planning system (TPS) dose algorithm commissioning and quality assurance (QA). The guideline recommends some validation tests and tolerances based primarily on published AAPM task group reports and the criteria used by IROC Houston. We performed the commissioning and validation of the dose algorithms for both megavoltage photon and electron beams on three linacs following MPPG 5.a. We designed the validation experiments in an attempt to highlight the evaluation method and tolerance criteria recommended by the guideline. It seems that comparison of dose profiles using in-water scan is an effective technique for basic photon and electron validation. IMRT/VMAT dose calculation is recommended to be tested with some TG-119 and clinical cases, but no consensus of the tolerance exists. Extensive validation tests have provided the better understanding of the accuracy and limitation of a specific dose calculation algorithm. We believe that some tests and evaluation criteria given in the guideline can be further refined.
文摘The present letter to the editor corresponds to the article entitled“Comprehensive literature review on the radiographic findings,imaging modalities,and the role of radiology in the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic”by Pal et al,published in World J Radiol.2021;13(9):258-282.With zero to unknown prevalence,COVID-19 has created a heterogeneous and unforeseen situation across the world.Healthcare providers encountered new challenges in image interpretation,characterization,and prognostication of the disease.Pal et al delineated the radiological findings,which would guide the radiologists to identify the early signs of severe infection.
文摘Change has come slowly to the field of neuro-ophthalmology.The major transformative innovations in diagnostic neuroimaging occurred decades ago but the field remained mostly a diagnostic subspecialty.Over the past few years however a new birth of innovative translational tests and treatments have emerged and have accelerated progress in neuro-ophthalmology.This dramatic wave of new testing and treatment modalities is the impetus for this monograph entitled“Progress in neuro-ophthalmology.”We hope that you enjoy this information and the continued and evolving journey of our specialty from the diagnostic to the therapeutic realm.
基金Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics,the National Natural Sciences Foundation Key Program(8163007)Ministry of Education Innovation Team Development Project(IRT-17R10)+1 种基金Qingqing Li was supported in part by the Postdoctoral Fellowship of Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesSome of the bioinformatics analysis were carried out on High Performance Computing Platform of the Center for Life Science.
文摘Small-cell lung cancer(SCLC)is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of lung cancer,for which,better understandings of its biology are urgently needed.Single-cell sequencing technologies provide an opportunity to profile individual cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME)and investigate their roles in tumorigenic processes.Here,we performed high-precision single-cell transcriptomic analysis of~5000 individual cells from primary tumors(PTs)and matched normal adjacent tissues(NATs)from 11 SCLC patients,including one patient with both PT and relapsed tumor(RT).The comparison revealed an immunosuppressive landscape of human SCLC.Malignant cells in SCLC tumors exhibited diverse states mainly related to the cell cycle,immune,and hypoxic properties.Our data also revealed the intratumor heterogeneity(ITH)of key transcription factors(TFs)in SCLC and related gene expression patterns and functions.The non-neuroendocrine(non-NE)tumors were correlated with increased inflammatory gene signatures and immune cell infiltrates in SCLC,which contributed to better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.These findings indicate a significant heterogeneity of human SCLC,and intensive crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME at single-cell resolution,and thus,set the stage for a better understanding of the biology of SCLC as well as for developing new therapeutics for SCLC.
基金supported the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0707003 and 2022YFC3400300 to J.R.)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)and short RNA fragments(18–25 nt)are crucial biomarkers in biological research and disease diagnostics.However,their accurate and rapid detection remains a challenge,largely due to their low abundance,short length,and sequence similarities.In this study,we report on a highly sensitive,one-step RNA O-circle amplification(ROA)assay for rapid and accurate miRNA detection.The ROA assay commences with the hybridization of a circular probe with the test RNA,followed by a linear rolling circle amplification(RCA)using dUTP.This amplification process is facilitated by U-nick reactions,which lead to an exponential amplification for readout.Under optimized conditions,assays can be completed within an hour,producing an amplification yield up to the microgram level,with a detection limit as low as 0.15 fmol(6 pM).Notably,the ROA assay requires only one step,and the results can be easily read visually,making it user-friendly.This ROA assay has proven effective in detecting various miRNAs and phage ssRNA.Overall,the ROA assay offers a user-friendly,rapid,and accurate solution for miRNA detection.
