Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles,vesicles,nanoparticles,aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a new topic in the field of TCM.The...Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles,vesicles,nanoparticles,aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a new topic in the field of TCM.The discovery of such cross-scaled bio-soft matter may provide a unique perspective for unraveling the new effective material basis of TCM as well as developing innovative medicine and biomaterials.Despite the rapid rise of TCM-derived bio-soft matter,their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism must be unambiguously probed for a further in-depth understanding of their pharmacological activity.In this review,the current emerged TCM-derived bio-soft matter assembled from either small molecules or macromolecules is introduced,and particularly the unambiguous elucidation of their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism with combined electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is depicted.The pros and cons of each technique are also discussed.The future challenges and perspective of TCM-derived bio-soft matter are outlined,particularly the requirement for their precise in situ structural determination is highlighted.展开更多
Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.Th...Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.展开更多
Background:The constitution theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)states that body constitution and disease are associated;therefore,the identification of body constitution can provide reference for disease preve...Background:The constitution theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)states that body constitution and disease are associated;therefore,the identification of body constitution can provide reference for disease prevention and treatment.A series of clinical studies evaluating the association between TCM constitution and metabolic syndrome(MetS)have been conducted in recent years.The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the clinical evidence of the relationship between constitution and MetS.Methods:The PubMed,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chongqing VIP,and Wanfang Data electronic databases were searched from April 2009 to July 2020.The search terms included“metabolic syndrome,”“constitution,”and“Chinese medicine.”Observational studies evaluating the relationship between body constitution of TCM and MetS were included.The primary outcome included the distribution of constitutional types in the MetS population,and odds ratio(OR)or relative risk(RR)between constitution and MetS.Effect size was expressed as proportion or OR with 95%confidence interval(CI).Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated by the NewcastleeOttawa Scale(NOS)or the American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ)criteria.Results:Three caseecontrol and 26 cross-sectional studies involving 30435 cases were included.Phlegm-dampness,qi-deficiency,and damp-heat were the main constitution types in patients with MetS,accounting for 29%(22%e39%),18%(13%e24%),and 12%(9%e17%)of the population,respectively;the risk of MetS in people with phlegm-dampness and qi-deficiency constitution was 1.74[1.27,2.38]and 1.29[1.01,1.65]times higher than that in those with other constitutions.There were sex-and age-related differences in the distribution of TCM constitution in patients with MetS.Conclusion:Phlegm-dampness and qi-deficiency were associated with the occurrence of MetS.Welldesigned cohort and caseecontrol studies are needed to provide evidence for the use of TCM to prevent and treat MetS.展开更多
This study investigated the molecular markers of DS-1-47,a component of an implantation-promoting traditional Chinese medicine consisting of Astragalus mongholicus,Atractylodes macrocephala,Scutellaria baicalensis and...This study investigated the molecular markers of DS-1-47,a component of an implantation-promoting traditional Chinese medicine consisting of Astragalus mongholicus,Atractylodes macrocephala,Scutellaria baicalensis and Dipsacales,in an attempt to clarify the molecular mechanism and action targets of DS-1-47.Controlled ovarian stimulation（COS） method was used to establish the implantation dysfunction models of mice.Animals were divided into normal pregnant group,COS model group and DS-1-47 group.Laser capture microdissection-double dimensional electrophoresis-mass spectrum（LCM-DE-MS） was used to analyze the uterine protein molecules that were possibly involved in the promotion of implantation.Twenty-three proteins in DS-1-47 group were significantly changed as compared to those in COS model group,with 7 proteins down-regulated and 16 proteins up-regulated.Except for some constituent proteins,the down-regulated proteins included collagen α-1（Ⅵ） chain,keratin 7,keratin 14,myosin regulatory light chain 12 B,myosin light polypeptide 9,heat shock protein β-7,and C-U-editing enzyme APOBEC-2;the up-regulated proteins included apolipoprotein A-I,calcium regulated protein-3,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,L-xylulose reductase,and calcium binding protein.These 23 proteins that were regulated by DS-1-47 represented a broad diversity of molecule functions.The down-regulated proteins were associated with stress and immune response,and those up-regulated proteins were related to proliferation.It was suggested that these proteins were important in regulating the uterine environment for the blastocyst implantation.By identification of DS-1-47 markers,proteomic analysis coupled with functional assays is demonstrated to be a promising approach to better understand the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Background:We studied the consistency between two classification systems for categorizing patients:traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution-based methods,versus genetic clustering.Genetic classification in consti...Background:We studied the consistency between two classification systems for categorizing patients:traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution-based methods,versus genetic clustering.Genetic classification in constitutional identification was also evaluated.Methods:A TCM physician evaluated the constitution of each patient,according to four examinations(inspection,auscultation-olfaction,interrogation,and palpation).Those who met the criteria for Yang-deficient,Yin-deficient,and balanced constitutions were enrolled in the study.Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the participants,and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from the samples within 2 hours.Total RNA extraction from the white blood cells was performed;and an Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus2.0 array was used to determine the peripheral blood gene expression profiles.The samples were classified using a support vector machine genetic classifier,and the“leave-one-out”method was used for validation.Results:The global gene expression profiles of 32 samples were grouped into three categories,and the samples in each of the gene categories corresponded with the three constitution categories.The three constitution types were distinguished using the genetic classifier with 165 genes.The accuracy of the prediction classification was greater than 95%using mathematical method.Conclusions:Participants with Yin-deficient,Yang-deficient,and balanced constitutions have varying physical characteristics and gene expression patterns.Additionally,the results from TCM constitution classification matched those obtained by genetic classification.Finally,our preliminary gene classifier distinguishes among Yin-deficient,Yang-deficient,and balanced constitutions,and provides a methodological basis for identifying the different constitutions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Conservative treatments have been reported to diminish or resolve clinical symptoms of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(LIDH)within a few weeks.CASE SUMMARY Computed tomography and magnetic resonance i...BACKGROUND Conservative treatments have been reported to diminish or resolve clinical symptoms of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(LIDH)within a few weeks.CASE SUMMARY Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the lumbar region of a 25-yearold male diagnosed with LIDH showed prolapse of the L5/S2 disc.The disc extended 1.0 cm beyond the vertebral edge and hung along the posterior vertebral edge.The patient elected a conservative treatment regimen that included traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),acupuncture,and massage.During a follow-up period of more than 12 mo,good improvement in pain was reported without complications.MRI of the lumbar region after 12 mo showed obvious reabsorption of the herniation.CONCLUSION A conservative treatment regimen of TCM,acupuncture,and massage promoted reabsorption of a prolapsed disc.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment ...BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and further adjuvant temozolomide.However,the prognosis remains poor and longterm survival is rare.This report aimed to demonstrate a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.CASE SUMMARY A patient was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery with an intracranial space-occupying lesion with a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.The tumor was compressing functional areas,and the patient accordingly underwent partial resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The imaging and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma differentiation(World Health Organization IV).The patient was finally diagnosed with glioblastoma.However,the patient discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects,and was prescribed Kangliu pill(KLP)7.5 g three times/d,which he has continued to date.Significant shrinkage of the tumor(maximum diameter reduced from about 3.5 to about 2 cm)was found after 3 mo of KLP therapy,and the tumor was further reduced to about 1 cm after 3 years.The patient’s symptoms of headache,limb weakness,and left hemiplegia were relieved,with no side effects.CONCLUSION KLP has been a successful intervention for glioblastoma, and the current caseindicates that traditional Chinese medicine may offer effective alternativetherapies for glioblastoma.展开更多
In the context of accelerated globalization and rapid advancements in science and technology,integrative medicine—combining traditional medicine with modern science—is emerging at the forefront of medical research.T...In the context of accelerated globalization and rapid advancements in science and technology,integrative medicine—combining traditional medicine with modern science—is emerging at the forefront of medical research.This article focuses on the current research hotspots and frontiers in integrative medicine.The field of integrative medicine has seen the emergence of numerous new research hotspots and cutting-edge technologies,which reveal the scientific foundations and application potential of traditional medicine from various perspectives.(1)Application of multi-omics technologies:multi-omics technologies,including metabolomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and genomics,have become essential tools in integrative medicine research.Metabolomics analyzes metabolites within biological systems to elucidate the metabolic pathways and mechanisms of traditional medicines.Recent advancements in high-throughput technologies have enabled more comprehensive and accurate profiling of metabolic changes induced by traditional medicines,facilitating the identification of bioactive compounds and their pathways.Transcriptomics investigates the effects of traditional medicines on gene expression,revealing molecular mechanisms by comparing transcriptome data under different conditions.Innovations in single-cell RNA sequencing have allowed researchers to study the heterogeneity of cellular responses to traditional medicines,uncovering cell-specific therapeutic targets and pathways.展开更多
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC)is complex,and recent therapeutic advances remain unable to fully alleviate the condition.AIM To inform the development of novel UC treatments,bioinformatics was us...BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC)is complex,and recent therapeutic advances remain unable to fully alleviate the condition.AIM To inform the development of novel UC treatments,bioinformatics was used to explore the autophagy-related pathogenesis associated with the active phase of UC.METHODS The GEO database was searched for UC-related datasets that included healthy controls who met the screening criteria.Differential analysis was conducted to obtain differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Au-tophagy-related targets were collected and intersected with the DEGs to identiy differentially expressed autophagy-related genes(DEARGs)associated with active UC.DEARGs were then subjected to KEGG,GO,and DisGeNET disease enrichment analyses using R software.Differential analysis of immune infiltrating cells was performed using the CiberSort algorithm.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and protein-protein interaction network were used to narrow down the DEARGs,and the top five targets in the Dgree ranking were designated as core targets.RESULTS A total of 4822 DEGs were obtained,of which 58 were classified as DEARGs.SERPINA1,BAG3,HSPA5,CASP1,and CX3CL1 were identified as core targets.GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEARGs were primarily enriched in processes related to autophagy regulation and macroautophagy.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEARGs were predominantly associated with NOD-like receptor signaling and other signaling pathways.Disease enrichment analysis indicated that DEARGs were significantly linked to diseases such as malignant glioma and middle cerebral artery occlusion.Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a higher presence of immune cells like activated memory CD4 T cells and follicular helper T cells in active UC patients than in healthy controls.CONCLUSION Autophagy is closely related to the active phase of UC and the potential targets obtained from the analysis in this study may provide new insight into the treatment of active UC patients.展开更多
The hippocampus is one of the most commonly studied brain regions in the context of depression.The volume of the hippocampus is significantly reduced in patients with depression,which severely disrupts hippocampal neu...The hippocampus is one of the most commonly studied brain regions in the context of depression.The volume of the hippocampus is significantly reduced in patients with depression,which severely disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity.However,antidepressant therapies that target hippocampal neuroplasticity have not been identified as yet.Chinese medicine(CM)can slow the progression of depression,potentially by modulating hippocampal neuroplasticity.Xiaoyaosan(XYS)is a CM formula that has been clinically used for the treatment of depression.It is known to protect Gan(Liver)and Pi(Spleen)function,and may exert its antidepressant effects by regulating hippocampal neuroplasticity.In this review,we have summarized the association between depression and aberrant hippocampal neuroplasticity.Furthermore,we have discussed the researches published in the last 30 years on the effects of XYS on hippocampal neuroplasticity in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its therapeutic action against depression.The results of this review can aid future research on XYS for the treatment of depression.展开更多
Objective： To develop a health-evaluating scale from a Chinese medicine（CM） perspective and reflecting CM conception of health. Methods： The Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Self-Evaluation Scale（TCM-50） was ...Objective： To develop a health-evaluating scale from a Chinese medicine（CM） perspective and reflecting CM conception of health. Methods： The Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Self-Evaluation Scale（TCM-50） was developed by verification of dimensions, formation of item pool, verification of scoring methodology, and pilot test of scale and item analysis. Results： TCM-50 composed of 50 items that could be classified into 4 dimensions including physiology and health, psychology and health, nature and health, and society and health. An examination of reliability and validity of TCM-50 yielded Cronbach＇s α coefficient of 0.927, and half coefficient of r was 0.876. The intraclass correlation coefficient of total score was 0.912. After using SF-36 questionnaire to evaluate the criterion validity, the Pearson r of the score of the two scales from the same participant was 0.740. Conclusions： TCM-50 has good reliability and validity, and can yield similar levels of efficacy as SF-36 in terms of evaluating people＇s overall health level. As a scale based on CM theory, TCM-50 is suitable for self-measuring the general health of Chinese patients.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the ...Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the pharmacological effects of the total oligosaccharides,polysaccharides,and phenylethanoid glycosides(CPhGs)extracted from C.tubulosa.Methods: Models of sleep deprivation and forced swimming fatigue were established to simulate central and exercise-induced fatigue.The mice were treated with different extracts of C.tubulosa,and their effects were assessed using behavioral tests to measure exercise capacity,learning,and memory function.Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the changes in serum and brain neurotransmitter levels,liver and muscle glycogen storage,and various fatigue-related biomarkers.Results: This study found that treatment with C.tubulosa extract improved exercise capacity,learning,and memory in mice.Total oligosaccharides from C.tubulosa enhanced adrenocorticotropic hormone,cholinesterase,and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels,reduced cortisol levels in central fatigue models,and ameliorated biochemical markers of exercise-induced fatigue,including lowering lactic acid,blood urea nitrogen,and malondialdehyde levels.Among the tested extracts,the total oligosaccharides showed the most comprehensive anti-fatigue effects.Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of C.tubulosa,particularly those of its total oligosaccharides,are pronounced in both central and exercise-induced fatigue.These effects are mediated by the regulation of neurotransmitter levels,enhancement of glycogen storage,and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in fatigue-related conditions.展开更多
Objective:Gut-derived serotonin strongly inhibits bone formation by inhibiting osteoblast proliferation.Our previous study demonstrated that the lignan-rich fraction prepared from Sambucus willimasii Hance,a folk herb...Objective:Gut-derived serotonin strongly inhibits bone formation by inhibiting osteoblast proliferation.Our previous study demonstrated that the lignan-rich fraction prepared from Sambucus willimasii Hance,a folk herbal medicine used to treat bone fractures and joint diseases in China,exerted bone-protective effects,and its actions were modulated by suppressing the synthesis of gut-derived serotonin via the inhibition of intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH-1).However,there is no direct evidence for the action of lignans on TPH-1.This study aimed to verify the direct action of lignans on the TPH-1 and its influence on serotonin synthesis and bone properties.Methods:Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance were performed to determine the affinities of lignans to TPH-1.The cell viability and the protein activity and expression of TPH-1 were measured in RBL2H3 cells.The serum serotonin level and bone mineral density upon lignan treatment in ovariectomized mice were determined.Result:The lignans showed high binding scores and binding affinities to TPH-1,inhibited the activity and protein expression of TPH-1,suppressed the serum serotonin levels in ovariectomized mice as well as promoted bone mineral density.Conclusion:This is the first study to report that lignans are novel TPH-1 inhibitors and that these lignans could be potential agents for the management of serotonin-related diseases,including osteoporosis.展开更多
AIM:To establish a stable,short-time,low-cost and reliable murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A filter paper sheet soaked in 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide(NaOH)solution was used to touch the eyelid ...AIM:To establish a stable,short-time,low-cost and reliable murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A filter paper sheet soaked in 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide(NaOH)solution was used to touch the eyelid margin of C57BL/6J mice for 10s to establish the model.The other eye was left untreated as a control group.Eyelid margin morphological changes and the meibomian glands(MGs)were observed by slit lamp microscopy on days 5 and 10 post-burn.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Oil red O staining were adopted in detecting the changes in MGs morphology and lipid deposition.Real-time polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,IL-18,tumor necroses factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase 4(NOX4),3-nitroturosine(3-NT),4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)and cytokeratin 10(K10)expression changes in MGs.RESULTS:MGs showed plugging of orifice,glandular deficiency,abnormal acinar morphology,ductal dilatation,and lipid deposition after alkali burn.The expressions of IL-6,IL-18,IL-1β,IFN-γ,and TNF-αindicators of inflammation and oxidative stress in MGs tissues were significantly increased.Abnormal keratinization increased in the MG duct.CONCLUSION:A murine model of MGD is established by alkali burn of the eyelid margin that matches the clinical presentation of MGD providing a stable,short-time,lowcost,and reliable MGD model.The new method suggests efficient avenues for future research.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)combined with chemical drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Materials and Methods:Databases were searched to retrieve ra...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)combined with chemical drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Materials and Methods:Databases were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of CHMs combined with tacrine,galantamine,rivastigmine,donepezil,or memantine,following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Only research papers published in English,Chinese,and Japanese were considered.The primary outcome was the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score and the secondary outcomes were AD assessment scale cognitive subscale(ADAS-Cog)score and safety evaluation.Meta-analysis was carried out using Rev Man 5.3 and subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity.Results:A total of 15 RCTs with 1386 participants were included in this study.Only donepezil was used in the retrieved literature.Meta-analyses showed that the combination of CHMs with donepezil led to significant improvement in the MMSE score(Z=9.45;P<0.00001;weighted mean difference[WMD]=2.68,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.12-3.24)and a significant decrease in the ADAS-Cog score(Z=5.53;P<0.00001;WMD=-3.79;95%CI:-5.13--2.44).Safety evaluation demonstrated that these combination treatments relieved adverse events such as insomnia(risk ratio[RR]=0.20,95%CI:0.06-0.68;P=0.01)and hive(RR=0.10;95%CI:0.01-0.73;P=0.02).Conclusions:The combination of CHMs with a chemical drug like donepezil led to significant improvements in patient cognition as well as a better safety profile when compared to the application of a chemical drug alone.展开更多
Previous studies found that iron accumulates in the substantia nigra of Parkinson＇s disease patients However, it is still unclear whether other brain regions have iron accumulation as well. In this experiment, rats w...Previous studies found that iron accumulates in the substantia nigra of Parkinson＇s disease patients However, it is still unclear whether other brain regions have iron accumulation as well. In this experiment, rats with rotenone-induced Parkinson＇s disease were treated by gastric perfusion of baicalin or intraperitoneal injection of deferoxamine. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that iron accumulated not only in the substantia nigra pars compacta, but also significantly in the striatum globus pallidus, the dentate gyrus granular layer of the hippocampus, the dentate-interpositus and the facial nucleus of the cerebellum. Both baicalin and deferoxamine, which are iron chelating agents, significantly inhibited iron deposition in these brain areas, and substantially reduced the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. These chelators also reduced iron content in the substantia nigra. In addition to the substantia nigra, iron deposition was observed in other brain regions as well. Both baicalin and deferoxamine significantly inhibited iron accumulation in different brain regions, and had a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that baicalin prevented iron accumulation after substantia nigra injury, reduced divalent metal transporter 1 expression, and increased ferroportin 1 expression in the substantia nigra of r...Previous studies have shown that baicalin prevented iron accumulation after substantia nigra injury, reduced divalent metal transporter 1 expression, and increased ferroportin 1 expression in the substantia nigra of rotenone-induced Parkinson＇s disease rats. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between iron accumulation and transferrin expression in C6 cells, to explore the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of baicalin on iron accumulation observed in Parkinson＇s disease rats. Iron content was detected using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Results showed that iron content decreased 41% after blocking divalent metal transporter 1 and ferroportin 1 proteins. After treatment with ferric ammonium citrate of differing concentrations （10, 50, 100, 400 ktg/mL） in C6 glioma cells, cell survival rate and ferroportin 1 expression were negatively correlated with ferric ammonium citrate concentration, but divalent metal transporter 1 expression positively correlated with ferric ammonium citrate concentration. Baicalin or deferoxamine reduced divalent metal transporter 1 expression, but increased ferroportin 1 expression in the 100 μg/mL ferric ammonium citrate-loaded C6 cells. These results indicate that baicalin down-regulated iron concentration, which positively regulat- ed divalent metal transporter 1 expression and negatively regulated ferroportin 1 expression, and decreased iron accumulation in the substantia nigra.展开更多
Extensive iron deposition has been observed in the midbrain substantia nigra （SN） of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） patients, but the mechanisms of iron deposition in the SN remain poorly understood. The present study ...Extensive iron deposition has been observed in the midbrain substantia nigra （SN） of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） patients, but the mechanisms of iron deposition in the SN remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the relationship between dopaminergic neuronal damage, iron content changes, and divalent metal transporter 1 （DMT1） in the midbrain SN of PD rats to explore the relationship between time of iron deposition and DMT1 expression. Frozen midbrain SN sections from model rats were stained with Perls＇ iron. Results showed massive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）-positive cells in the SN and increased DMT1 expression in model group rats. No obvious iron deposition was observed in the SN during early stages after damage, but significant iron deposition was detected at 8 weeks post-injury. Results demonstrate that the loss of TH-positive cells in the SN appeared simultaneously with increased DMT1 expression. Extensive iron deposition occurred at 8 weeks post injury, which could be regarded as an early time window of iron deposition.展开更多
Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation causes massive threatening diseases,such as sepsis,acute lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Efficient treatment to prevent inflammation is crucial in LPS-i...Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation causes massive threatening diseases,such as sepsis,acute lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Efficient treatment to prevent inflammation is crucial in LPS-induced inflammatory diseases.Heat-clearing Chinese medicines(CMs)have been used to ameliorate LPS-induced inflammation in China for centuries.Heat-clearing CMs regulate inflammatory pathways,thereby inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors.This review aimed to introduce promising heat-clearing CMs countering LPS-induced inflammation in the last 5 years,exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Chinese integrative medicine （CIM） focuses on the integration of conventional medicine （biomedicine） with Chinese medicine （CM）. Although the CIM field has witnessed several advancements, the definition and clas...Chinese integrative medicine （CIM） focuses on the integration of conventional medicine （biomedicine） with Chinese medicine （CM）. Although the CIM field has witnessed several advancements, the definition and classification of CIM is not quite clear, given that an independent theory system has not yet been established in this field. Therefore, future research and studies should focus on the following objectives： （1） emphasizing CM features, （2） improving CIM positioning, and （3） establishing CIM standards. These concerted efforts will help CIM be at par with international standards and criteria. With the development of CIM, the world will embrace a new medical system providing person-cantered treatment with a balanced medicine approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82374033,21901067)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.:2023YFC3504100)Starting Grant from the Ministry of Human Resource and Social Security of China(Quan Li).
文摘Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles,vesicles,nanoparticles,aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a new topic in the field of TCM.The discovery of such cross-scaled bio-soft matter may provide a unique perspective for unraveling the new effective material basis of TCM as well as developing innovative medicine and biomaterials.Despite the rapid rise of TCM-derived bio-soft matter,their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism must be unambiguously probed for a further in-depth understanding of their pharmacological activity.In this review,the current emerged TCM-derived bio-soft matter assembled from either small molecules or macromolecules is introduced,and particularly the unambiguous elucidation of their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism with combined electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is depicted.The pros and cons of each technique are also discussed.The future challenges and perspective of TCM-derived bio-soft matter are outlined,particularly the requirement for their precise in situ structural determination is highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82104701)Science Fund Program for Outstanding Young Scholars in Universities of Anhui Province(Grant No.2022AH030064)+3 种基金Key Project at Central Government Level:the Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(Grant No.2060302)Foundation of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application(Grant No.2021KFKT10)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-21)Talent Support Program of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2020rcyb007).
文摘Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81704197)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019-JYB-TSXK-001).
文摘Background:The constitution theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)states that body constitution and disease are associated;therefore,the identification of body constitution can provide reference for disease prevention and treatment.A series of clinical studies evaluating the association between TCM constitution and metabolic syndrome(MetS)have been conducted in recent years.The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the clinical evidence of the relationship between constitution and MetS.Methods:The PubMed,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chongqing VIP,and Wanfang Data electronic databases were searched from April 2009 to July 2020.The search terms included“metabolic syndrome,”“constitution,”and“Chinese medicine.”Observational studies evaluating the relationship between body constitution of TCM and MetS were included.The primary outcome included the distribution of constitutional types in the MetS population,and odds ratio(OR)or relative risk(RR)between constitution and MetS.Effect size was expressed as proportion or OR with 95%confidence interval(CI).Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated by the NewcastleeOttawa Scale(NOS)or the American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ)criteria.Results:Three caseecontrol and 26 cross-sectional studies involving 30435 cases were included.Phlegm-dampness,qi-deficiency,and damp-heat were the main constitution types in patients with MetS,accounting for 29%(22%e39%),18%(13%e24%),and 12%(9%e17%)of the population,respectively;the risk of MetS in people with phlegm-dampness and qi-deficiency constitution was 1.74[1.27,2.38]and 1.29[1.01,1.65]times higher than that in those with other constitutions.There were sex-and age-related differences in the distribution of TCM constitution in patients with MetS.Conclusion:Phlegm-dampness and qi-deficiency were associated with the occurrence of MetS.Welldesigned cohort and caseecontrol studies are needed to provide evidence for the use of TCM to prevent and treat MetS.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 81373873)
文摘This study investigated the molecular markers of DS-1-47,a component of an implantation-promoting traditional Chinese medicine consisting of Astragalus mongholicus,Atractylodes macrocephala,Scutellaria baicalensis and Dipsacales,in an attempt to clarify the molecular mechanism and action targets of DS-1-47.Controlled ovarian stimulation（COS） method was used to establish the implantation dysfunction models of mice.Animals were divided into normal pregnant group,COS model group and DS-1-47 group.Laser capture microdissection-double dimensional electrophoresis-mass spectrum（LCM-DE-MS） was used to analyze the uterine protein molecules that were possibly involved in the promotion of implantation.Twenty-three proteins in DS-1-47 group were significantly changed as compared to those in COS model group,with 7 proteins down-regulated and 16 proteins up-regulated.Except for some constituent proteins,the down-regulated proteins included collagen α-1（Ⅵ） chain,keratin 7,keratin 14,myosin regulatory light chain 12 B,myosin light polypeptide 9,heat shock protein β-7,and C-U-editing enzyme APOBEC-2;the up-regulated proteins included apolipoprotein A-I,calcium regulated protein-3,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,L-xylulose reductase,and calcium binding protein.These 23 proteins that were regulated by DS-1-47 represented a broad diversity of molecule functions.The down-regulated proteins were associated with stress and immune response,and those up-regulated proteins were related to proliferation.It was suggested that these proteins were important in regulating the uterine environment for the blastocyst implantation.By identification of DS-1-47 markers,proteomic analysis coupled with functional assays is demonstrated to be a promising approach to better understand the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2011CB505400).
文摘Background:We studied the consistency between two classification systems for categorizing patients:traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution-based methods,versus genetic clustering.Genetic classification in constitutional identification was also evaluated.Methods:A TCM physician evaluated the constitution of each patient,according to four examinations(inspection,auscultation-olfaction,interrogation,and palpation).Those who met the criteria for Yang-deficient,Yin-deficient,and balanced constitutions were enrolled in the study.Peripheral blood samples were obtained from the participants,and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from the samples within 2 hours.Total RNA extraction from the white blood cells was performed;and an Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus2.0 array was used to determine the peripheral blood gene expression profiles.The samples were classified using a support vector machine genetic classifier,and the“leave-one-out”method was used for validation.Results:The global gene expression profiles of 32 samples were grouped into three categories,and the samples in each of the gene categories corresponded with the three constitution categories.The three constitution types were distinguished using the genetic classifier with 165 genes.The accuracy of the prediction classification was greater than 95%using mathematical method.Conclusions:Participants with Yin-deficient,Yang-deficient,and balanced constitutions have varying physical characteristics and gene expression patterns.Additionally,the results from TCM constitution classification matched those obtained by genetic classification.Finally,our preliminary gene classifier distinguishes among Yin-deficient,Yang-deficient,and balanced constitutions,and provides a methodological basis for identifying the different constitutions.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.82004495Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China,No.ZR2020QH318+1 种基金The 69th batch of a grant from China Postdoctoral Foundation,No.2021M691985Taishan Scholars Young Experts Program,China,No.tsqn202211349.
文摘BACKGROUND Conservative treatments have been reported to diminish or resolve clinical symptoms of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation(LIDH)within a few weeks.CASE SUMMARY Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the lumbar region of a 25-yearold male diagnosed with LIDH showed prolapse of the L5/S2 disc.The disc extended 1.0 cm beyond the vertebral edge and hung along the posterior vertebral edge.The patient elected a conservative treatment regimen that included traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),acupuncture,and massage.During a follow-up period of more than 12 mo,good improvement in pain was reported without complications.MRI of the lumbar region after 12 mo showed obvious reabsorption of the herniation.CONCLUSION A conservative treatment regimen of TCM,acupuncture,and massage promoted reabsorption of a prolapsed disc.
基金the Foundation for Beijing Science and Technology Development of TCM,No.JJ2016-10the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovative Talents Training Project from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,No.Z171100001717006.
文摘BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and further adjuvant temozolomide.However,the prognosis remains poor and longterm survival is rare.This report aimed to demonstrate a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.CASE SUMMARY A patient was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery with an intracranial space-occupying lesion with a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.The tumor was compressing functional areas,and the patient accordingly underwent partial resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The imaging and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma differentiation(World Health Organization IV).The patient was finally diagnosed with glioblastoma.However,the patient discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects,and was prescribed Kangliu pill(KLP)7.5 g three times/d,which he has continued to date.Significant shrinkage of the tumor(maximum diameter reduced from about 3.5 to about 2 cm)was found after 3 mo of KLP therapy,and the tumor was further reduced to about 1 cm after 3 years.The patient’s symptoms of headache,limb weakness,and left hemiplegia were relieved,with no side effects.CONCLUSION KLP has been a successful intervention for glioblastoma, and the current caseindicates that traditional Chinese medicine may offer effective alternativetherapies for glioblastoma.
文摘In the context of accelerated globalization and rapid advancements in science and technology,integrative medicine—combining traditional medicine with modern science—is emerging at the forefront of medical research.This article focuses on the current research hotspots and frontiers in integrative medicine.The field of integrative medicine has seen the emergence of numerous new research hotspots and cutting-edge technologies,which reveal the scientific foundations and application potential of traditional medicine from various perspectives.(1)Application of multi-omics technologies:multi-omics technologies,including metabolomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and genomics,have become essential tools in integrative medicine research.Metabolomics analyzes metabolites within biological systems to elucidate the metabolic pathways and mechanisms of traditional medicines.Recent advancements in high-throughput technologies have enabled more comprehensive and accurate profiling of metabolic changes induced by traditional medicines,facilitating the identification of bioactive compounds and their pathways.Transcriptomics investigates the effects of traditional medicines on gene expression,revealing molecular mechanisms by comparing transcriptome data under different conditions.Innovations in single-cell RNA sequencing have allowed researchers to study the heterogeneity of cellular responses to traditional medicines,uncovering cell-specific therapeutic targets and pathways.
文摘BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC)is complex,and recent therapeutic advances remain unable to fully alleviate the condition.AIM To inform the development of novel UC treatments,bioinformatics was used to explore the autophagy-related pathogenesis associated with the active phase of UC.METHODS The GEO database was searched for UC-related datasets that included healthy controls who met the screening criteria.Differential analysis was conducted to obtain differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Au-tophagy-related targets were collected and intersected with the DEGs to identiy differentially expressed autophagy-related genes(DEARGs)associated with active UC.DEARGs were then subjected to KEGG,GO,and DisGeNET disease enrichment analyses using R software.Differential analysis of immune infiltrating cells was performed using the CiberSort algorithm.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and protein-protein interaction network were used to narrow down the DEARGs,and the top five targets in the Dgree ranking were designated as core targets.RESULTS A total of 4822 DEGs were obtained,of which 58 were classified as DEARGs.SERPINA1,BAG3,HSPA5,CASP1,and CX3CL1 were identified as core targets.GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEARGs were primarily enriched in processes related to autophagy regulation and macroautophagy.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEARGs were predominantly associated with NOD-like receptor signaling and other signaling pathways.Disease enrichment analysis indicated that DEARGs were significantly linked to diseases such as malignant glioma and middle cerebral artery occlusion.Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a higher presence of immune cells like activated memory CD4 T cells and follicular helper T cells in active UC patients than in healthy controls.CONCLUSION Autophagy is closely related to the active phase of UC and the potential targets obtained from the analysis in this study may provide new insight into the treatment of active UC patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82304746)Jinan University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduate(No.CX21255 and CX22481)。
文摘The hippocampus is one of the most commonly studied brain regions in the context of depression.The volume of the hippocampus is significantly reduced in patients with depression,which severely disrupts hippocampal neuroplasticity.However,antidepressant therapies that target hippocampal neuroplasticity have not been identified as yet.Chinese medicine(CM)can slow the progression of depression,potentially by modulating hippocampal neuroplasticity.Xiaoyaosan(XYS)is a CM formula that has been clinically used for the treatment of depression.It is known to protect Gan(Liver)and Pi(Spleen)function,and may exert its antidepressant effects by regulating hippocampal neuroplasticity.In this review,we have summarized the association between depression and aberrant hippocampal neuroplasticity.Furthermore,we have discussed the researches published in the last 30 years on the effects of XYS on hippocampal neuroplasticity in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying its therapeutic action against depression.The results of this review can aid future research on XYS for the treatment of depression.
基金Supported by Beijing Youth Talent Plan(No.YETP0787)Youth Teacher Fund of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
文摘Objective： To develop a health-evaluating scale from a Chinese medicine（CM） perspective and reflecting CM conception of health. Methods： The Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Self-Evaluation Scale（TCM-50） was developed by verification of dimensions, formation of item pool, verification of scoring methodology, and pilot test of scale and item analysis. Results： TCM-50 composed of 50 items that could be classified into 4 dimensions including physiology and health, psychology and health, nature and health, and society and health. An examination of reliability and validity of TCM-50 yielded Cronbach＇s α coefficient of 0.927, and half coefficient of r was 0.876. The intraclass correlation coefficient of total score was 0.912. After using SF-36 questionnaire to evaluate the criterion validity, the Pearson r of the score of the two scales from the same participant was 0.740. Conclusions： TCM-50 has good reliability and validity, and can yield similar levels of efficacy as SF-36 in terms of evaluating people＇s overall health level. As a scale based on CM theory, TCM-50 is suitable for self-measuring the general health of Chinese patients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1702400).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the pharmacological effects of the total oligosaccharides,polysaccharides,and phenylethanoid glycosides(CPhGs)extracted from C.tubulosa.Methods: Models of sleep deprivation and forced swimming fatigue were established to simulate central and exercise-induced fatigue.The mice were treated with different extracts of C.tubulosa,and their effects were assessed using behavioral tests to measure exercise capacity,learning,and memory function.Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the changes in serum and brain neurotransmitter levels,liver and muscle glycogen storage,and various fatigue-related biomarkers.Results: This study found that treatment with C.tubulosa extract improved exercise capacity,learning,and memory in mice.Total oligosaccharides from C.tubulosa enhanced adrenocorticotropic hormone,cholinesterase,and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels,reduced cortisol levels in central fatigue models,and ameliorated biochemical markers of exercise-induced fatigue,including lowering lactic acid,blood urea nitrogen,and malondialdehyde levels.Among the tested extracts,the total oligosaccharides showed the most comprehensive anti-fatigue effects.Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of C.tubulosa,particularly those of its total oligosaccharides,are pronounced in both central and exercise-induced fatigue.These effects are mediated by the regulation of neurotransmitter levels,enhancement of glycogen storage,and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in fatigue-related conditions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010648)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903616)+1 种基金The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Start-up Funding(A0038607)The Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme(ITFMOST:MHX/002/20).
文摘Objective:Gut-derived serotonin strongly inhibits bone formation by inhibiting osteoblast proliferation.Our previous study demonstrated that the lignan-rich fraction prepared from Sambucus willimasii Hance,a folk herbal medicine used to treat bone fractures and joint diseases in China,exerted bone-protective effects,and its actions were modulated by suppressing the synthesis of gut-derived serotonin via the inhibition of intestinal tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH-1).However,there is no direct evidence for the action of lignans on TPH-1.This study aimed to verify the direct action of lignans on the TPH-1 and its influence on serotonin synthesis and bone properties.Methods:Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance were performed to determine the affinities of lignans to TPH-1.The cell viability and the protein activity and expression of TPH-1 were measured in RBL2H3 cells.The serum serotonin level and bone mineral density upon lignan treatment in ovariectomized mice were determined.Result:The lignans showed high binding scores and binding affinities to TPH-1,inhibited the activity and protein expression of TPH-1,suppressed the serum serotonin levels in ovariectomized mice as well as promoted bone mineral density.Conclusion:This is the first study to report that lignans are novel TPH-1 inhibitors and that these lignans could be potential agents for the management of serotonin-related diseases,including osteoporosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271054,No.U20A20363).
文摘AIM:To establish a stable,short-time,low-cost and reliable murine model of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A filter paper sheet soaked in 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide(NaOH)solution was used to touch the eyelid margin of C57BL/6J mice for 10s to establish the model.The other eye was left untreated as a control group.Eyelid margin morphological changes and the meibomian glands(MGs)were observed by slit lamp microscopy on days 5 and 10 post-burn.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and Oil red O staining were adopted in detecting the changes in MGs morphology and lipid deposition.Real-time polymerase chain reaction,Western blot,immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,IL-18,tumor necroses factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)oxidase 4(NOX4),3-nitroturosine(3-NT),4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)and cytokeratin 10(K10)expression changes in MGs.RESULTS:MGs showed plugging of orifice,glandular deficiency,abnormal acinar morphology,ductal dilatation,and lipid deposition after alkali burn.The expressions of IL-6,IL-18,IL-1β,IFN-γ,and TNF-αindicators of inflammation and oxidative stress in MGs tissues were significantly increased.Abnormal keratinization increased in the MG duct.CONCLUSION:A murine model of MGD is established by alkali burn of the eyelid margin that matches the clinical presentation of MGD providing a stable,short-time,lowcost,and reliable MGD model.The new method suggests efficient avenues for future research.
基金supported by the 2019-2020 TCM Technology Development Project of Shandong Province(No.2019-0044)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515010644)+1 种基金Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(No.20201073)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074306)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs)combined with chemical drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Materials and Methods:Databases were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of CHMs combined with tacrine,galantamine,rivastigmine,donepezil,or memantine,following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Only research papers published in English,Chinese,and Japanese were considered.The primary outcome was the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score and the secondary outcomes were AD assessment scale cognitive subscale(ADAS-Cog)score and safety evaluation.Meta-analysis was carried out using Rev Man 5.3 and subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity.Results:A total of 15 RCTs with 1386 participants were included in this study.Only donepezil was used in the retrieved literature.Meta-analyses showed that the combination of CHMs with donepezil led to significant improvement in the MMSE score(Z=9.45;P<0.00001;weighted mean difference[WMD]=2.68,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.12-3.24)and a significant decrease in the ADAS-Cog score(Z=5.53;P<0.00001;WMD=-3.79;95%CI:-5.13--2.44).Safety evaluation demonstrated that these combination treatments relieved adverse events such as insomnia(risk ratio[RR]=0.20,95%CI:0.06-0.68;P=0.01)and hive(RR=0.10;95%CI:0.01-0.73;P=0.02).Conclusions:The combination of CHMs with a chemical drug like donepezil led to significant improvements in patient cognition as well as a better safety profile when compared to the application of a chemical drug alone.
基金sponsored by the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,No.KM201110025010
文摘Previous studies found that iron accumulates in the substantia nigra of Parkinson＇s disease patients However, it is still unclear whether other brain regions have iron accumulation as well. In this experiment, rats with rotenone-induced Parkinson＇s disease were treated by gastric perfusion of baicalin or intraperitoneal injection of deferoxamine. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that iron accumulated not only in the substantia nigra pars compacta, but also significantly in the striatum globus pallidus, the dentate gyrus granular layer of the hippocampus, the dentate-interpositus and the facial nucleus of the cerebellum. Both baicalin and deferoxamine, which are iron chelating agents, significantly inhibited iron deposition in these brain areas, and substantially reduced the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. These chelators also reduced iron content in the substantia nigra. In addition to the substantia nigra, iron deposition was observed in other brain regions as well. Both baicalin and deferoxamine significantly inhibited iron accumulation in different brain regions, and had a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,No.KM20110025010
文摘Previous studies have shown that baicalin prevented iron accumulation after substantia nigra injury, reduced divalent metal transporter 1 expression, and increased ferroportin 1 expression in the substantia nigra of rotenone-induced Parkinson＇s disease rats. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between iron accumulation and transferrin expression in C6 cells, to explore the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of baicalin on iron accumulation observed in Parkinson＇s disease rats. Iron content was detected using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Results showed that iron content decreased 41% after blocking divalent metal transporter 1 and ferroportin 1 proteins. After treatment with ferric ammonium citrate of differing concentrations （10, 50, 100, 400 ktg/mL） in C6 glioma cells, cell survival rate and ferroportin 1 expression were negatively correlated with ferric ammonium citrate concentration, but divalent metal transporter 1 expression positively correlated with ferric ammonium citrate concentration. Baicalin or deferoxamine reduced divalent metal transporter 1 expression, but increased ferroportin 1 expression in the 100 μg/mL ferric ammonium citrate-loaded C6 cells. These results indicate that baicalin down-regulated iron concentration, which positively regulat- ed divalent metal transporter 1 expression and negatively regulated ferroportin 1 expression, and decreased iron accumulation in the substantia nigra.
基金the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,No.KM200610025008
文摘Extensive iron deposition has been observed in the midbrain substantia nigra （SN） of Parkinson＇s disease （PD） patients, but the mechanisms of iron deposition in the SN remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the relationship between dopaminergic neuronal damage, iron content changes, and divalent metal transporter 1 （DMT1） in the midbrain SN of PD rats to explore the relationship between time of iron deposition and DMT1 expression. Frozen midbrain SN sections from model rats were stained with Perls＇ iron. Results showed massive loss of tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）-positive cells in the SN and increased DMT1 expression in model group rats. No obvious iron deposition was observed in the SN during early stages after damage, but significant iron deposition was detected at 8 weeks post-injury. Results demonstrate that the loss of TH-positive cells in the SN appeared simultaneously with increased DMT1 expression. Extensive iron deposition occurred at 8 weeks post injury, which could be regarded as an early time window of iron deposition.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81903886 and 81730110)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M652988)。
文摘Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation causes massive threatening diseases,such as sepsis,acute lung injury and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Efficient treatment to prevent inflammation is crucial in LPS-induced inflammatory diseases.Heat-clearing Chinese medicines(CMs)have been used to ameliorate LPS-induced inflammation in China for centuries.Heat-clearing CMs regulate inflammatory pathways,thereby inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors.This review aimed to introduce promising heat-clearing CMs countering LPS-induced inflammation in the last 5 years,exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms.
文摘Chinese integrative medicine （CIM） focuses on the integration of conventional medicine （biomedicine） with Chinese medicine （CM）. Although the CIM field has witnessed several advancements, the definition and classification of CIM is not quite clear, given that an independent theory system has not yet been established in this field. Therefore, future research and studies should focus on the following objectives： （1） emphasizing CM features, （2） improving CIM positioning, and （3） establishing CIM standards. These concerted efforts will help CIM be at par with international standards and criteria. With the development of CIM, the world will embrace a new medical system providing person-cantered treatment with a balanced medicine approach.
