A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy.Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain,such as solar,thermal,wind,and mechanical energy,etc.U...A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy.Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain,such as solar,thermal,wind,and mechanical energy,etc.Under the repeated vehicle loads,stresses and strains are generated in the pavement,which can generate substantial mechanical energy.In recent two decades,there has been a growing scholarly preference for utilizing the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy from pavement into electricity to supply low-power transportation facilities,pavement sensors,etc.This paper provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art advances in road piezoelectric energy harvesters.The basic principle of piezoelectric energy harvesting and common piezoelectric materials were briefly introduced.The piezoelectric energy harvesters suitable for roads are thoroughly reviewed from five perspectives:structure,finite element analyses,protective packaging,management circuit,and application.Finally,the challenges faced by piezoelectric energy harvesters for pavements were summarized,and the potential research directions were also proposed.This review serves as a valuable reference for advancing road piezoelectric harvesting technology development.展开更多
Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In...Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma.The triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.展开更多
Introduction The term phytochemical refers to a compound or nutrient that originates from plant. Phytochemicals is positioned as the 7th nutrient following the 3 major nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and lipid), 5 ma...Introduction The term phytochemical refers to a compound or nutrient that originates from plant. Phytochemicals is positioned as the 7th nutrient following the 3 major nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and lipid), 5 major nutrients (+ minerals and vitamins), and 6 major nutrients (+ dietary fiber). They have important roles in regulation functions in vivo.[1]展开更多
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.5247082732the Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Technology Project under Grant No.24-58k+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of CHD under Grant No.300102214909the Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduates of Chang'an University under Grant No.300103723024Scientific Research Fund of Xinjiang Transportation Design Institute under Grant No.KY2022080901 and KY2022042501。
文摘A key point in building a contemporary energy system is the search for sustainable and green energy.Many green energy sources exist in the road or pavement domain,such as solar,thermal,wind,and mechanical energy,etc.Under the repeated vehicle loads,stresses and strains are generated in the pavement,which can generate substantial mechanical energy.In recent two decades,there has been a growing scholarly preference for utilizing the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical energy from pavement into electricity to supply low-power transportation facilities,pavement sensors,etc.This paper provides an in-depth review of state-of-the-art advances in road piezoelectric energy harvesters.The basic principle of piezoelectric energy harvesting and common piezoelectric materials were briefly introduced.The piezoelectric energy harvesters suitable for roads are thoroughly reviewed from five perspectives:structure,finite element analyses,protective packaging,management circuit,and application.Finally,the challenges faced by piezoelectric energy harvesters for pavements were summarized,and the potential research directions were also proposed.This review serves as a valuable reference for advancing road piezoelectric harvesting technology development.
基金supported by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Department of Atomic Energy, Government of IndiaDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of India for financial assistance under DAE Doctoral Fellowship Scheme-2018。
文摘Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma.The triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.
文摘Introduction The term phytochemical refers to a compound or nutrient that originates from plant. Phytochemicals is positioned as the 7th nutrient following the 3 major nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and lipid), 5 major nutrients (+ minerals and vitamins), and 6 major nutrients (+ dietary fiber). They have important roles in regulation functions in vivo.[1]
