Understanding the correlation between the fundamental descriptors and catalytic performance is meaningful to guide the design of high-performance electrochemical catalysts.However,exploring key factors that affect cat...Understanding the correlation between the fundamental descriptors and catalytic performance is meaningful to guide the design of high-performance electrochemical catalysts.However,exploring key factors that affect catalytic performance in the vast catalyst space remains challenging for people.Herein,to accurately identify the factors that affect the performance of N2 reduction,we apply interpretable machine learning(ML)to analyze high-throughput screening results,which is also suited to other surface reactions in catalysis.To expound on the paradigm,33 promising catalysts are screened from 168 carbon-supported candidates,specifically single-atom catalysts(SACs)supported by a BC_(3)monolayer(TM@V_(B/C)-N_(n)=_(0-3)-BC_(3))via high-throughput screening.Subsequently,the hybrid sampling method and XGBoost model are selected to classify eligible and non-eligible catalysts.Through feature interpretation using Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis,two crucial features,that is,the number of valence electrons(N_(v))and nitrogen substitution(N_(n)),are screened out.Combining SHAP analysis and electronic structure calculations,the synergistic effect between an active center with low valence electron numbers and reasonable C-N coordination(a medium fraction of nitrogen substitution)can exhibit high catalytic performance.Finally,six superior catalysts with a limiting potential lower than-0.4 V are predicted.Our workflow offers a rational approach to obtaining key information on catalytic performance from high-throughput screening results to design efficient catalysts that can be applied to other materials and reactions.展开更多
Lead halide perovskite scintillators have recently received extensive research attention owing to their short fluorescence lifetimes,low detection limits,and ease of fabrication compared to traditional scintillators.T...Lead halide perovskite scintillators have recently received extensive research attention owing to their short fluorescence lifetimes,low detection limits,and ease of fabrication compared to traditional scintillators.The nontoxic cerium-doped lead-free perovskites with intrinsically efficient and short lifetime d–f transitions are a prospective replacement for the toxic Pb^(2+).Here,we demonstrated Ce-doped cesium lanthanide chloride perovskites (Cs_(3)LnCl_(6),Ln=Gd,Y,Lu) synthesized through a facile solution method for the first time.These perovskites exhibit blue-violet emission,which arises from Ce 5d→4f transitions.Among three types of Cs_(3)LnCl_(6) perovskites,Ce:Cs_(3)LuCl_(6) exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 82%and a short excited-state lifetime of approximately 34 ns.When utilized as X-ray scintillators,Ce:Cs_(3)LuCl_(6) crystals display a high light yield of 8120 photons per MeV and a low detection limit of 36.8 n Gy air s^(-1).Importantly,the figure of merit (FoM),representing the ratio of light yield to decay time,reaches 239,which is the highest reported value for lead-free perovskite scintillators up to now.Additionally,the fabrication of perovskite/PMMA films was undertaken for practical demonstrations in X-ray imaging,resulting in the attainment of a resolution of up to 8.38 lp/mm.We anticipate that this work will inspire the utilization of Ce-doped Cs_(3)LnCl_(6) perovskites in ultrafast scintillation applications such as high-energy physics,nuclear reaction monitoring,and dynamic X-ray imaging.展开更多
We fabricate flexible conductive and transparent graphene films on position-emission-tomography substrates and prepare large area graphene films by graphite oxide sheets with the new technical process. The multi-layer...We fabricate flexible conductive and transparent graphene films on position-emission-tomography substrates and prepare large area graphene films by graphite oxide sheets with the new technical process. The multi-layer graphene oxide sheets can be chemically reduced by HNO3 and HI to form a highly conductive graphene film on a substrate at lower temperature. The reduced graphene oxide sheets show a high conductivity sheet with resistance of 476Ω/sq and transmittance of 76% at 550nm （6 layers）. The technique used to produce the transparent conductive graphene thin film is facile, inexpensive, and can be tunable for a large area production applied for electronics or touch screens.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are attractive porous crystalline materials with extremely high stability, easy functionalization, and open channels, which are expected to be unique ion conductors/transporters in li...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are attractive porous crystalline materials with extremely high stability, easy functionalization, and open channels, which are expected to be unique ion conductors/transporters in lithium ion batteries(LIBs). Despite recent advances, low ion conductivity and low transference number, resulting in low charging/discharging rate, low energy density, and short battery life, are the main issues that limit their direct application as solid electrolytes in LIBs. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel polyimide COF, namely, TAPA-PDI-COF, with abundant C=O groups, which has been successfully employed as high-performance solid electrolytes by doping TAPA-PDI-COF and succinonitrile(SN). Both the well-defined nanochannels of COFs and SN confined in the well-aligned channels restricted the free migration of anions, while C=O on COFs and CN groups of SN enhanced Li^(+) transport, thus achieving a high ion conductivity of 0.102 m S cm^(-1)at 80 °C and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.855 at room temperature. According to density functional theory(DFT)calculations, Li-ion migration mainly adopted in-plane transport rather than the axial pathway, which may be due to the shorter hopping distances in the planar pathway. The results suggest an effective strategy for the design and development of all-solidstate ionic conductors for achieving high-performance LIBs.展开更多
Injectability empowers conductive hydrogels to transcend traditional limitations,unlocking a realm of possibilities for innovative medical,wearable,and therapeutic applications that can significantly enhance patient c...Injectability empowers conductive hydrogels to transcend traditional limitations,unlocking a realm of possibilities for innovative medical,wearable,and therapeutic applications that can significantly enhance patient care and quality of life.Here,we report an injectable,self-healable,and reusable hydrogel obtained by mixing the concentrated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)suspension(~2 wt.%solid content),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and borax.Leveraging the presence of reversible borax/hydroxyl bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds,this PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogel exhibits notable shear-thinning behavior and self-healing capabilities,enabling it to be injected as a gel fiber from a syringe.As-prepared injectable hydrogel also demonstrates an ultra-low modulus(~2.5 MPa),reduced on-skin impedance(~45%of commercial electrodes),and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)(~15-22 dB)in recording of electrocardiography(ECG),electromyography(EMG),and electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.Furthermore,the injectable hydrogels can be remolded and reinjected as the reusable electrodes,maintaining nearly identical electrophysiological recording capabilities and brain-computer interface(BCI)performance compared to commercial wet electrodes.With their straightforward fabrication,excellent material properties and electronic performance,ease of cleaning,and remarkable reusability,our injectable PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogels hold promise for advancements in BCI based electronics and wearable bioelectronics.展开更多
Exciplex-emitters are attractive due to their distinct feature of easily achieving small singlet-triplet energy splitting for thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF),but face with challenges in convenient desig...Exciplex-emitters are attractive due to their distinct feature of easily achieving small singlet-triplet energy splitting for thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF),but face with challenges in convenient design of electron acceptors.New 9-phenylfluorene-based acceptor 9-[6-(2-cyano-7-isocyano-9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-dicarbonitrile(TriCNDPFCz)was designed and synthesized through tricyano-substitution.By mixing TriCNDPFCz with conventional donor 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane(TAPC),bright exciplex-TADF was obtained with a maximum current efficiency of 46.7 cd·A^(-1),power efficiency of 52.3 lm·W^(-1)and external quantum efficiency of 14.5%.The experimental characterizations indicate that tricyano-substitution in 9-phenylfluorene skeleton can form strong electron-accepting ability,which is useful and convenient for constructing electron acceptor in exciplex emission.展开更多
The weak van der Waals gap endows two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(2D TMDs)with the potential to realize vip intercalation and host exfoliation.Intriguingly,the liquid intercalation and exfoliation i...The weak van der Waals gap endows two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(2D TMDs)with the potential to realize vip intercalation and host exfoliation.Intriguingly,the liquid intercalation and exfoliation is a facile,low-cost,versatile and scalable strategy to modulate the structure and physiochemical property of TMDs via introducing foreign species into interlayer.In this review,firstly,we briefly introduce the resultant hybrid superlattice and disperse nanosheets with tailored properties fabricated via liquid intercalation and exfoliation.Subsequently,we systematically analyze the intercalation phenomenon and limitations of various intercalants in chemical or electrochemical methods.Afterwards,we intensely discuss diverse functionalities of resultant materials,focusing on their potential applications in energy conversion,energy storage,water purification,electronics,thermoelectrics and superconductor.Finally,we highlight the challenges and outlooks for precise and mass production of 2D TMDs-based materials via liquid intercalation and exfoliation.This review enriches the overview of liquid intercalation and exfoliation strategy,and paves the path for relevant high-performance devices.展开更多
Color-tunable smart-responsive organic emitters (CSOEs) represent a cutting-edge category of intelligent optoelectronic materialswidely recognized for their remarkable ability to adjust emissioncolors in response to a...Color-tunable smart-responsive organic emitters (CSOEs) represent a cutting-edge category of intelligent optoelectronic materialswidely recognized for their remarkable ability to adjust emissioncolors in response to a range of external stimuli, including excitation light, temperature, external force, and specific matter. The versatile nature of CSOEs has recently attracted significant attentionfor their unique properties, including the ability to reversibly tunecolors in response to different stimuli. Their superior responsiveness and dynamic color-changing capabilities extend beyond theperformance of traditional luminescent materials, making themhighly suitable for potential applications in multicolor displays,information encryption, and visual sensing. CSOEs have been successfully developed in various forms, including small molecules,polymers, and host–vip materials. Despite significant progressin this area, there is still a need for a comprehensive understandingof the material design and development pathways for CSOEs. Thisperspective highlights the importance of in-depth analyses ofdesign strategies and fundamental mechanisms (Fig. 1) to offerinsights that can facilitate the creation of CSOEs and effectivelyextend their applications.展开更多
The new paradigm of the Internet of Everything and interactive human–machine interface spur on the aspiration to integrate electronics more seamlessly into our daily life,particularly in the form of wearables and imp...The new paradigm of the Internet of Everything and interactive human–machine interface spur on the aspiration to integrate electronics more seamlessly into our daily life,particularly in the form of wearables and implantable devices that can conform to our curvilinear and deformable human body[1–3].Especially,stretchable displays with ultra-flexibility and repeatable stretchability have gained unprecedented attention[4].展开更多
Achieving color-tunable emission in single-component organic emitters with multistage stimuli-responsiveness is of vital significance for intelligent optoelectronic applications,but remains enormously challenging.Here...Achieving color-tunable emission in single-component organic emitters with multistage stimuli-responsiveness is of vital significance for intelligent optoelectronic applications,but remains enormously challenging.Herein,we present an unprecedented example of a color-tunable single-component smart organic emitter(DDOP)that simultaneously exhibits multistage stimuli-responsiveness and multimode emissions.DDOP based on a highly twisted amide-bridged donor-tcceptor-donor structure has been found to facilitate intersystem crossing,form multimode emissions,and generate multiple emissive species with multistage stimuli-responsiveness.DDOP pristine crystalline powders exhibit abnormal excitation-dependent emissions from a monomer-dominated blue emission centered at 470 nm to a dimer-dominated yellow emission centered at 550 nm through decreasing the ultraviolet(UV)excitation wavelengths,whereas DDOP single crystals show a wide emission band with a main emission peak at 585 nm when excited at different wavelengths.The emission behaviors of pristine crystalline powders and single crystals are different,demonstrating emission features that are closely related to the aggregation states.The work has developed color-tunable single-component organic emitters with simultaneous multistage stimuli-responsiveness and multimode emissions,which is vital for expanding intelligent optoelectronic applications,including multilevel information encryption,multicolor emissive patterns,and visual monitoring of UV wavelengths.展开更多
The growing interest in flexible devices has emerged as a global trend due to their advantages in flexibility,lightweight structure,and wearability,addressing the limitations of traditional devices.While wearable airf...The growing interest in flexible devices has emerged as a global trend due to their advantages in flexibility,lightweight structure,and wearability,addressing the limitations of traditional devices.While wearable airflow sensors have been previously reported,the development of flexible fabric-based airflow sensors capable of functioning in environments with open flames—critical for fire rescue operations—has yet to be explored,largely due to the poor fire resistance of conventional fabrics.In this work,we first present a flexible,wearable,and multifunctional airflow sensor with excellent fire-resistant properties,fabricated through a simple direct laser writing process.This sensor maintains airflow detection capabilities even in the presence of open flames.Typically,the fabrication of fabric-based sensors involves complex procedures such as carbon materials doping or vapor-phase deposition,leading to lengthy preparation cycles and high costs.Furthermore,fabric-based devices are inherently prone to flammability.To address these challenges,we introduce twice-vertical laser-induced graphene(TVLIG)as a sensitive and reliable component for fire-resistant airflow sensors.The resulting TVLIG/Kevlar fabric can be integrated into various garments,particularly protective suits,to form sensitive and fire-resistant airflow sensors capable of detecting airflow velocity and direction in both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)spaces during fire incidents.Additionally,the TVLIG patterns can be expanded to multifunctional platforms,such as glucose detection for injured individuals,offering further applications in rescue operations.This functional expansion reduces the burden on rescue personnel and streamlines device preparation.With its outstanding sensing capabilities,fire resistance,and expandability,the developed flexible airflow sensor shows great potential for various real-world rescue scenarios,promising advancements in wearable sensing technology for rescue engineering.展开更多
Ultraviolet(UV)light,invisible to the human eye,possesses both benefits and risks.To harness its potential,UV photodetectors(PDs)have been engineered.These devices can convert UV photons into detectable signals,such a...Ultraviolet(UV)light,invisible to the human eye,possesses both benefits and risks.To harness its potential,UV photodetectors(PDs)have been engineered.These devices can convert UV photons into detectable signals,such as electrical impulses or visible light,enabling their application in diverse fields like environmental monitoring,healthcare,and aerospace.Wide bandgap semiconductors,with their high-efficiency UV light absorption and stable opto-electronic properties,stand out as ideal materials for UV PDs.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in both traditional and emerging wide bandgap-based UV PDs,highlighting their roles in UV imaging,communication,and alarming.Moreover,it examines methods employed to enhance UV PD performance,delving into the advantages,challenges,and future research prospects in this area.By doing so,this review aims to spark innovation and guide the future development and application of UV PDs.展开更多
Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields.Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection ...Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields.Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection and radiography,due to their diversified design,low cost,and facile preparation.However,recent progress in efficient radioluminescence has mainly focused on small molecules,which are inevitably associated with processability and repeatability issues.Here,a concise strategy is proposed to prepare radioluminescent polymers that exhibit multiple emission colors from blue to yellow with high brightness in an amorphous state by the radical copolymerization of negatively charged polyacrylic acid and different positively charged quaternary phosphonium salts.One of the obtained polymers exhibits excellent photostability under a high X-ray irradiation dosage of 27.35 Gy and has a detection limit of 149 nGy s^(−1).This performance is superior to that of conventional anthracene-based scintillators.Furthermore,by simply drop-casting a polymer methanol solution on a quartz plate,a transparent scintillator screen was successfully fabricated for X-ray imaging with a resolution of 8.7 line pairs mm^(−1).The pure organic phosphorescent polymers with a highly efficient radioluminescence were demonstrated for the first time,and the strategy reported herein offers a promising pathway to expand the application range of amorphous organic scintillators.展开更多
Film morphology of emissive layers is crucial to the performance and stability of solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). Compared to the interpenetration of conjugated polymer chain,small molecular...Film morphology of emissive layers is crucial to the performance and stability of solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). Compared to the interpenetration of conjugated polymer chain,small molecular emitter with a flexible side chain always presents easily aggregation upon external treatment, and caused π-electronic coupling, which is undesirable for the efficiency and stability of deep-blue OLEDs. Herein, we proposed a side-chain coupling strategy to enhance the film morphological an emission stability of solution-processable small molecular deep-blue emitter. In contrary to “parent” MC8 TPA,the crosslinkable styryl and vinyl units were introduced as ended unit at the side-chain of Cm TPA and OEYTPA. Interestingly, Cm TPA and OEYTPA films present a relatively stable morphology and uniform deep-blue emission after thermal annealing(160 ℃) in the atmosphere, different to the discontinuous MC8 TPA annealed film. Besides, compared to the Cm TPA and OEYTPA ones, serious polaron formation in the MC8 TPA annealed film also negative to the deep-blue emission, according to transient absorption analysis. Therefore, both Cm TPA and OEYTPA annealed film obtained at 140 ℃ present an excellent deep-blue ASE behavior with a 445 nm, but absence for MC8 TPA ones, associated with the disruption of annealed films. Finally, enhancement of device performance based on Cm TPA and OEYTPA film(~40%)after thermal annealing with a similar performance curves also confirmed the assumption above. Therefore, these results also supported the effectiveness of our side-chain coupling strategy for optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn_(2)S_(4)),a novel photocatalyst,has attracted considerable attention and been extensively studied over the past few years owing to its various advantages such as nontoxicity,structural stabil...Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn_(2)S_(4)),a novel photocatalyst,has attracted considerable attention and been extensively studied over the past few years owing to its various advantages such as nontoxicity,structural stability,easy availability,suitable band gap and fascinating photocatalytic activity.This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-art progress of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalysts.First,we briefly introduced preparation methods of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) with diverse morphological structures.Then,considering the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnIn_(2)S_(4) would be confined by rapid recombination of photo-generated electronhole pairs and limited light absorption range,different modulation strategies such as layer and size control,doping,vacancy engineering and hetero-nanostructures were expounded in detail.Afterwards,the applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) in various fields such as H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,value-added products synthesis,pollutant purification and N_(2) fixation are clearly summarized.In the end,we sorted out the conclusions and outlook,aiming to provide some new insights for this fascinating material.展开更多
Flexible and wearable pressure sensors attached to human skin are effective and convenient in accurate and real-time tracking of various physiological signals for disease diagnosis and health assessment.Conventional f...Flexible and wearable pressure sensors attached to human skin are effective and convenient in accurate and real-time tracking of various physiological signals for disease diagnosis and health assessment.Conventional flexible pressure sensors are constructed using compressible dielectric or conductive layers,which are electrically sensitive to external mechanical stimulation.However,saturated deformation under large compression significantly restrains the detection range and sensitivity of such sensors.Here,we report a novel type of flexible pressure sensor to overcome the compression saturation of the sensing layer by softstrain ffect,enabling an utra-high sensitivity of~636 kPa^(-1) and a wide detection range from 0.1 kPa to 56 kPa.In addition,the cyclic loading-unloading test reveals the excellent stability of the sensor,which maintains its signal detection after 10.000 cycles of 10 kPa compression.The sensor is capable of monitoring arterial pulse waves from both deep tissue and distal parts,such as digital arteries and dorsal pedal arteries,which can be used for blood pressure estimation by pulse transit time at the same artery branch.展开更多
The progress of stretchable organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs)has brought about new possibilities for highly functional wearable electronics.However,the efficiency and durability of stretchable OLEDs have been limi...The progress of stretchable organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs)has brought about new possibilities for highly functional wearable electronics.However,the efficiency and durability of stretchable OLEDs have been limited by the performance of stretchable transparent electrodes.Here,we proposed an interface engineering strategy that involves anchoring the growth of silver(Ag)atoms with amine-enriched biomaterials for high-quality stretchable transparent electrodes.The strong interactions between the Ag atom and the amine group enable the uniform Ag electrodes at an ultralow thickness of 7 nm,and provide remarkable mechanical flexibility and strain endurance to the Ag electrodes.The distinct effects of different amino acids were investigated,and a deep understanding of their unique contributions to the film formation process was gained.The resulting ultrathin Ag electrodes exhibit outstanding optoelectrical properties(transmittance of~98% and sheet resistance of~8.7Ω/sq)and excellent stretchability during 500 stretching cycles at 100%strain.Stretchable green phosphorescent OLEDs based on the Ag electrodes have been demonstrated with a current efficiency of up to~70.4 cd/A.Impressively,the devices show excellent stretching stability,retaining~89% of the original luminance and~78% of the original current efficiency after 200 stretching cycles at 100%strain.This work opens up new possibilities for stretchable transparent electrodes,fostering advancements in wearable displays and other innovative flexible devices.展开更多
Van der Waals (vdWs) stacking of two-dimensional (2D) materials can effectively weaken the Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect in metal/semiconductor contacts due to dangling-bond-free surfaces. However, the inherent vdW...Van der Waals (vdWs) stacking of two-dimensional (2D) materials can effectively weaken the Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect in metal/semiconductor contacts due to dangling-bond-free surfaces. However, the inherent vdWs gap always induces a considerable tunneling barrier, significantly limiting carrier injection. Herein, by inducing a sp^(2) to sp^(3) hybridization transformation in 2D carbon-based metal via surface defect engineering, the large orbital overlap can form an efficient carrier channel, overcoming the tunneling barrier. Specifically, by selecting the 2D carbon-based X_(3)C_(2) (X = Cd, Hg, and Zn) metal and the 2D MSi_(2)N_(4) (M = Cr, Hf, Mo, Ti, V, and Zr) semiconductor, we constructed 36 metal/semiconductor contacts. For vdWs contacts, although Ohmic contacts can be formed at the interface, the highest tunneling probability (P TB) is only 3.11%. As expected, the P TB can be significantly improved, as high as 48.73%, when MSi_(2)N_(4), accompanied by surface nitrogen vacancies, forms an interface covalent bond with X_(3)C_(2). Simultaneously, weak FLP and Ohmic contact remain at the covalent-bond-based surface, attributing to the protection of the MSi_(2)N_(4) band-edge electronic states by the outlying Si-N sublayer. Our work provides a promising path for advancing the progress of 2D electronic and photoelectronic devices.展开更多
The emergence offlexible organic crystals changed the perception of molecu-lar crystals that were regarded as brittle entities over a long period of time,and sparked a great interest in exploring mechanically complian...The emergence offlexible organic crystals changed the perception of molecu-lar crystals that were regarded as brittle entities over a long period of time,and sparked a great interest in exploring mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward next-generation smart materials during the past decade.Schiff base compounds are considered to be one of the most promising candidates forflexible organic crystals owing to their easy synthesis,high yield,stimuli respon-siveness and good mechanical properties.This paper gives an overview of the recent development of Schiff baseflexible organic crystals(including elastic organic crystals,plastic organic crystals,andflexible organic crystals integrating elastic-ity and plasticity)from serendipitous discovery to design strategies and versatile applications such as stimuli responses,optical waveguides,optoelectronic devices,biomimetic soft robots,and organic photonic integrated circuits.Notably,atomic force microscopy-micromanipulation technique has been utilized to bring the mul-tifunctional applications offlexible organic crystals from the macroscopic level to the microscopic world.Since understanding mechanicalflexibility at the molec-ular level through crystal engineering can assist us to trace down the structural origin of mechanical properties,we focus on the packing structures of various Schiff baseflexible organic crystals driven by non-covalent intermolecular inter-actions and their close correlation with mechanical behaviors.We hope that the information given here will help in the design of novelflexible organic crys-tals combined with other unique properties,and promote further research into the area of mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward multifunctional applications.展开更多
Scintillators,which can convert high-energy particles(X-rays)into detectable lowenergy ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared photons,are essential components of X-ray detectors and show extensive practical applications in...Scintillators,which can convert high-energy particles(X-rays)into detectable lowenergy ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared photons,are essential components of X-ray detectors and show extensive practical applications in nondestructive detection and medical imaging.Traditionally,inorganic scintillators represented by CsI:Tl have achieved definite progress.However,the harsh preparation conditions,high production cost,and poor mechanical properties impede their potential development in the high-end X-ray imaging field.Organic-inorganic hybrid metal complexes could be excellent alternatives,by virtue of their structural and spectral tunability,good solution processability,and excellent photophysical properties.This review mainly focuses on eco-friendly lead-free metal(Mn^(2+),Cu^(+),Sb^(3+),Sn^(2+),Ge^(2+),Ln^(3+),etc.)complex scintillators.The luminescence mechanisms are introduced and the scintillation performance,such as light yield,limit of detection,imaging resolution,etc.,is highlighted.Moreover,the current challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are described.It is hoped to provide some theoretical guidance for the continuous development of the new scintillator systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1503103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22033002,92261112,22203046)+2 种基金the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY221128)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(XCL-104)the open research fund of Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices(Southeast University)
文摘Understanding the correlation between the fundamental descriptors and catalytic performance is meaningful to guide the design of high-performance electrochemical catalysts.However,exploring key factors that affect catalytic performance in the vast catalyst space remains challenging for people.Herein,to accurately identify the factors that affect the performance of N2 reduction,we apply interpretable machine learning(ML)to analyze high-throughput screening results,which is also suited to other surface reactions in catalysis.To expound on the paradigm,33 promising catalysts are screened from 168 carbon-supported candidates,specifically single-atom catalysts(SACs)supported by a BC_(3)monolayer(TM@V_(B/C)-N_(n)=_(0-3)-BC_(3))via high-throughput screening.Subsequently,the hybrid sampling method and XGBoost model are selected to classify eligible and non-eligible catalysts.Through feature interpretation using Shapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis,two crucial features,that is,the number of valence electrons(N_(v))and nitrogen substitution(N_(n)),are screened out.Combining SHAP analysis and electronic structure calculations,the synergistic effect between an active center with low valence electron numbers and reasonable C-N coordination(a medium fraction of nitrogen substitution)can exhibit high catalytic performance.Finally,six superior catalysts with a limiting potential lower than-0.4 V are predicted.Our workflow offers a rational approach to obtaining key information on catalytic performance from high-throughput screening results to design efficient catalysts that can be applied to other materials and reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22075043, 21875034, 12274075, 62375142)。
文摘Lead halide perovskite scintillators have recently received extensive research attention owing to their short fluorescence lifetimes,low detection limits,and ease of fabrication compared to traditional scintillators.The nontoxic cerium-doped lead-free perovskites with intrinsically efficient and short lifetime d–f transitions are a prospective replacement for the toxic Pb^(2+).Here,we demonstrated Ce-doped cesium lanthanide chloride perovskites (Cs_(3)LnCl_(6),Ln=Gd,Y,Lu) synthesized through a facile solution method for the first time.These perovskites exhibit blue-violet emission,which arises from Ce 5d→4f transitions.Among three types of Cs_(3)LnCl_(6) perovskites,Ce:Cs_(3)LuCl_(6) exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 82%and a short excited-state lifetime of approximately 34 ns.When utilized as X-ray scintillators,Ce:Cs_(3)LuCl_(6) crystals display a high light yield of 8120 photons per MeV and a low detection limit of 36.8 n Gy air s^(-1).Importantly,the figure of merit (FoM),representing the ratio of light yield to decay time,reaches 239,which is the highest reported value for lead-free perovskite scintillators up to now.Additionally,the fabrication of perovskite/PMMA films was undertaken for practical demonstrations in X-ray imaging,resulting in the attainment of a resolution of up to 8.38 lp/mm.We anticipate that this work will inspire the utilization of Ce-doped Cs_(3)LnCl_(6) perovskites in ultrafast scintillation applications such as high-energy physics,nuclear reaction monitoring,and dynamic X-ray imaging.
基金Supported by the Basic Research Program of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grant No NY212002the Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No IRT1148the 2014 Shuangchuang Program of Jiangsu Province
文摘We fabricate flexible conductive and transparent graphene films on position-emission-tomography substrates and prepare large area graphene films by graphite oxide sheets with the new technical process. The multi-layer graphene oxide sheets can be chemically reduced by HNO3 and HI to form a highly conductive graphene film on a substrate at lower temperature. The reduced graphene oxide sheets show a high conductivity sheet with resistance of 476Ω/sq and transmittance of 76% at 550nm （6 layers）. The technique used to produce the transparent conductive graphene thin film is facile, inexpensive, and can be tunable for a large area production applied for electronics or touch screens.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFB3608904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62004106, 62274097, 21835003, 62005126)+7 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BE2019120,BK20210601)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province (2023FE002)Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors (RK030STP15001)the Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovative Teams of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TJ217038)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (TD-XCL-009)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province (BRA2017402)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,NJUPT (GZR2023-010016)Natural Science Foundation of NJUPT (NY223079)。
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) are attractive porous crystalline materials with extremely high stability, easy functionalization, and open channels, which are expected to be unique ion conductors/transporters in lithium ion batteries(LIBs). Despite recent advances, low ion conductivity and low transference number, resulting in low charging/discharging rate, low energy density, and short battery life, are the main issues that limit their direct application as solid electrolytes in LIBs. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel polyimide COF, namely, TAPA-PDI-COF, with abundant C=O groups, which has been successfully employed as high-performance solid electrolytes by doping TAPA-PDI-COF and succinonitrile(SN). Both the well-defined nanochannels of COFs and SN confined in the well-aligned channels restricted the free migration of anions, while C=O on COFs and CN groups of SN enhanced Li^(+) transport, thus achieving a high ion conductivity of 0.102 m S cm^(-1)at 80 °C and a high lithium-ion transference number of 0.855 at room temperature. According to density functional theory(DFT)calculations, Li-ion migration mainly adopted in-plane transport rather than the axial pathway, which may be due to the shorter hopping distances in the planar pathway. The results suggest an effective strategy for the design and development of all-solidstate ionic conductors for achieving high-performance LIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304112 and 62288102)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20230359)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.22KJB430038)Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY221111).
文摘Injectability empowers conductive hydrogels to transcend traditional limitations,unlocking a realm of possibilities for innovative medical,wearable,and therapeutic applications that can significantly enhance patient care and quality of life.Here,we report an injectable,self-healable,and reusable hydrogel obtained by mixing the concentrated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)suspension(~2 wt.%solid content),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and borax.Leveraging the presence of reversible borax/hydroxyl bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds,this PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogel exhibits notable shear-thinning behavior and self-healing capabilities,enabling it to be injected as a gel fiber from a syringe.As-prepared injectable hydrogel also demonstrates an ultra-low modulus(~2.5 MPa),reduced on-skin impedance(~45%of commercial electrodes),and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)(~15-22 dB)in recording of electrocardiography(ECG),electromyography(EMG),and electroencephalogram(EEG)signals.Furthermore,the injectable hydrogels can be remolded and reinjected as the reusable electrodes,maintaining nearly identical electrophysiological recording capabilities and brain-computer interface(BCI)performance compared to commercial wet electrodes.With their straightforward fabrication,excellent material properties and electronic performance,ease of cleaning,and remarkable reusability,our injectable PEDOT:PSS/PVA hydrogels hold promise for advancements in BCI based electronics and wearable bioelectronics.
文摘Exciplex-emitters are attractive due to their distinct feature of easily achieving small singlet-triplet energy splitting for thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF),but face with challenges in convenient design of electron acceptors.New 9-phenylfluorene-based acceptor 9-[6-(2-cyano-7-isocyano-9-phenyl-9H-fluoren-9-yl)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-dicarbonitrile(TriCNDPFCz)was designed and synthesized through tricyano-substitution.By mixing TriCNDPFCz with conventional donor 1,1-bis[(di-4-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane(TAPC),bright exciplex-TADF was obtained with a maximum current efficiency of 46.7 cd·A^(-1),power efficiency of 52.3 lm·W^(-1)and external quantum efficiency of 14.5%.The experimental characterizations indicate that tricyano-substitution in 9-phenylfluorene skeleton can form strong electron-accepting ability,which is useful and convenient for constructing electron acceptor in exciplex emission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902101,61775101,62288102,and 61804082)the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ40044)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20201381).
文摘The weak van der Waals gap endows two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(2D TMDs)with the potential to realize vip intercalation and host exfoliation.Intriguingly,the liquid intercalation and exfoliation is a facile,low-cost,versatile and scalable strategy to modulate the structure and physiochemical property of TMDs via introducing foreign species into interlayer.In this review,firstly,we briefly introduce the resultant hybrid superlattice and disperse nanosheets with tailored properties fabricated via liquid intercalation and exfoliation.Subsequently,we systematically analyze the intercalation phenomenon and limitations of various intercalants in chemical or electrochemical methods.Afterwards,we intensely discuss diverse functionalities of resultant materials,focusing on their potential applications in energy conversion,energy storage,water purification,electronics,thermoelectrics and superconductor.Finally,we highlight the challenges and outlooks for precise and mass production of 2D TMDs-based materials via liquid intercalation and exfoliation.This review enriches the overview of liquid intercalation and exfoliation strategy,and paves the path for relevant high-performance devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3608904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21835003,62005126,and 61704077)+5 种基金the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province(2023FE002)Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor(RK030STP15001)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(TD-XCL-009)State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(GZR2024010001)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2017402)the Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of National Ten-Thousands Talents Program of China,and Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX18_0859).
文摘Color-tunable smart-responsive organic emitters (CSOEs) represent a cutting-edge category of intelligent optoelectronic materialswidely recognized for their remarkable ability to adjust emissioncolors in response to a range of external stimuli, including excitation light, temperature, external force, and specific matter. The versatile nature of CSOEs has recently attracted significant attentionfor their unique properties, including the ability to reversibly tunecolors in response to different stimuli. Their superior responsiveness and dynamic color-changing capabilities extend beyond theperformance of traditional luminescent materials, making themhighly suitable for potential applications in multicolor displays,information encryption, and visual sensing. CSOEs have been successfully developed in various forms, including small molecules,polymers, and host–vip materials. Despite significant progressin this area, there is still a need for a comprehensive understandingof the material design and development pathways for CSOEs. Thisperspective highlights the importance of in-depth analyses ofdesign strategies and fundamental mechanisms (Fig. 1) to offerinsights that can facilitate the creation of CSOEs and effectivelyextend their applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3608904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21835003)+1 种基金Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY223126)Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays(GZR2024010028 and GZR2024010001)。
文摘The new paradigm of the Internet of Everything and interactive human–machine interface spur on the aspiration to integrate electronics more seamlessly into our daily life,particularly in the form of wearables and implantable devices that can conform to our curvilinear and deformable human body[1–3].Especially,stretchable displays with ultra-flexibility and repeatable stretchability have gained unprecedented attention[4].
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21835003 and 62274097)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2019120)+2 种基金the Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor(RK030STP15001)the Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of National Ten-Thousands Talents Program of Chinathe Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX18_0859).
文摘Achieving color-tunable emission in single-component organic emitters with multistage stimuli-responsiveness is of vital significance for intelligent optoelectronic applications,but remains enormously challenging.Herein,we present an unprecedented example of a color-tunable single-component smart organic emitter(DDOP)that simultaneously exhibits multistage stimuli-responsiveness and multimode emissions.DDOP based on a highly twisted amide-bridged donor-tcceptor-donor structure has been found to facilitate intersystem crossing,form multimode emissions,and generate multiple emissive species with multistage stimuli-responsiveness.DDOP pristine crystalline powders exhibit abnormal excitation-dependent emissions from a monomer-dominated blue emission centered at 470 nm to a dimer-dominated yellow emission centered at 550 nm through decreasing the ultraviolet(UV)excitation wavelengths,whereas DDOP single crystals show a wide emission band with a main emission peak at 585 nm when excited at different wavelengths.The emission behaviors of pristine crystalline powders and single crystals are different,demonstrating emission features that are closely related to the aggregation states.The work has developed color-tunable single-component organic emitters with simultaneous multistage stimuli-responsiveness and multimode emissions,which is vital for expanding intelligent optoelectronic applications,including multilevel information encryption,multicolor emissive patterns,and visual monitoring of UV wavelengths.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62205157 and 82302847)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731777)+1 种基金the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY222010)Funding Matching Project for the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.XPT82302847).
文摘The growing interest in flexible devices has emerged as a global trend due to their advantages in flexibility,lightweight structure,and wearability,addressing the limitations of traditional devices.While wearable airflow sensors have been previously reported,the development of flexible fabric-based airflow sensors capable of functioning in environments with open flames—critical for fire rescue operations—has yet to be explored,largely due to the poor fire resistance of conventional fabrics.In this work,we first present a flexible,wearable,and multifunctional airflow sensor with excellent fire-resistant properties,fabricated through a simple direct laser writing process.This sensor maintains airflow detection capabilities even in the presence of open flames.Typically,the fabrication of fabric-based sensors involves complex procedures such as carbon materials doping or vapor-phase deposition,leading to lengthy preparation cycles and high costs.Furthermore,fabric-based devices are inherently prone to flammability.To address these challenges,we introduce twice-vertical laser-induced graphene(TVLIG)as a sensitive and reliable component for fire-resistant airflow sensors.The resulting TVLIG/Kevlar fabric can be integrated into various garments,particularly protective suits,to form sensitive and fire-resistant airflow sensors capable of detecting airflow velocity and direction in both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)spaces during fire incidents.Additionally,the TVLIG patterns can be expanded to multifunctional platforms,such as glucose detection for injured individuals,offering further applications in rescue operations.This functional expansion reduces the burden on rescue personnel and streamlines device preparation.With its outstanding sensing capabilities,fire resistance,and expandability,the developed flexible airflow sensor shows great potential for various real-world rescue scenarios,promising advancements in wearable sensing technology for rescue engineering.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents and the Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication(nos.NY223177,NY221005,NY223179,and GZR2024010026)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374091)the Special Professor Fund of Jiangsu Province(RK030STP21007).
文摘Ultraviolet(UV)light,invisible to the human eye,possesses both benefits and risks.To harness its potential,UV photodetectors(PDs)have been engineered.These devices can convert UV photons into detectable signals,such as electrical impulses or visible light,enabling their application in diverse fields like environmental monitoring,healthcare,and aerospace.Wide bandgap semiconductors,with their high-efficiency UV light absorption and stable opto-electronic properties,stand out as ideal materials for UV PDs.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advancements in both traditional and emerging wide bandgap-based UV PDs,highlighting their roles in UV imaging,communication,and alarming.Moreover,it examines methods employed to enhance UV PD performance,delving into the advantages,challenges,and future research prospects in this area.By doing so,this review aims to spark innovation and guide the future development and application of UV PDs.
基金the financial support from the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(61825503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075101,61775101,and 61775103)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20200095).
文摘Materials that exhibit visible luminescence upon X-ray irradiation show great potential in the medical and industrial fields.Pure organic materials have recently emerged as promising scintillators for X-ray detection and radiography,due to their diversified design,low cost,and facile preparation.However,recent progress in efficient radioluminescence has mainly focused on small molecules,which are inevitably associated with processability and repeatability issues.Here,a concise strategy is proposed to prepare radioluminescent polymers that exhibit multiple emission colors from blue to yellow with high brightness in an amorphous state by the radical copolymerization of negatively charged polyacrylic acid and different positively charged quaternary phosphonium salts.One of the obtained polymers exhibits excellent photostability under a high X-ray irradiation dosage of 27.35 Gy and has a detection limit of 149 nGy s^(−1).This performance is superior to that of conventional anthracene-based scintillators.Furthermore,by simply drop-casting a polymer methanol solution on a quartz plate,a transparent scintillator screen was successfully fabricated for X-ray imaging with a resolution of 8.7 line pairs mm^(−1).The pure organic phosphorescent polymers with a highly efficient radioluminescence were demonstrated for the first time,and the strategy reported herein offers a promising pathway to expand the application range of amorphous organic scintillators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22075136,61874053)National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2020YFA0709900)+5 种基金Natural Science Funds of the Education Committee of Jiangsu Province (No.18KJA430009)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20200700)“High-Level Talents in Six Industries” of Jiangsu Province (No.XYDXX-019)Chain Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2021M692623)the open research fund from State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (No.sklssm202108)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmentfriendly Polymer Materials and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology。
文摘Film morphology of emissive layers is crucial to the performance and stability of solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). Compared to the interpenetration of conjugated polymer chain,small molecular emitter with a flexible side chain always presents easily aggregation upon external treatment, and caused π-electronic coupling, which is undesirable for the efficiency and stability of deep-blue OLEDs. Herein, we proposed a side-chain coupling strategy to enhance the film morphological an emission stability of solution-processable small molecular deep-blue emitter. In contrary to “parent” MC8 TPA,the crosslinkable styryl and vinyl units were introduced as ended unit at the side-chain of Cm TPA and OEYTPA. Interestingly, Cm TPA and OEYTPA films present a relatively stable morphology and uniform deep-blue emission after thermal annealing(160 ℃) in the atmosphere, different to the discontinuous MC8 TPA annealed film. Besides, compared to the Cm TPA and OEYTPA ones, serious polaron formation in the MC8 TPA annealed film also negative to the deep-blue emission, according to transient absorption analysis. Therefore, both Cm TPA and OEYTPA annealed film obtained at 140 ℃ present an excellent deep-blue ASE behavior with a 445 nm, but absence for MC8 TPA ones, associated with the disruption of annealed films. Finally, enhancement of device performance based on Cm TPA and OEYTPA film(~40%)after thermal annealing with a similar performance curves also confirmed the assumption above. Therefore, these results also supported the effectiveness of our side-chain coupling strategy for optoelectronic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No. 61825503)the Natural Science of China (Nos. 51902101, 61775101 and 61804082)+1 种基金Natural Science of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20201381)Science of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (No. NY219144)。
文摘Zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn_(2)S_(4)),a novel photocatalyst,has attracted considerable attention and been extensively studied over the past few years owing to its various advantages such as nontoxicity,structural stability,easy availability,suitable band gap and fascinating photocatalytic activity.This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-art progress of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-based photocatalysts.First,we briefly introduced preparation methods of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) with diverse morphological structures.Then,considering the photocatalytic activity of pristine ZnIn_(2)S_(4) would be confined by rapid recombination of photo-generated electronhole pairs and limited light absorption range,different modulation strategies such as layer and size control,doping,vacancy engineering and hetero-nanostructures were expounded in detail.Afterwards,the applications of ZnIn_(2)S_(4) in various fields such as H_(2) production,CO_(2) reduction,value-added products synthesis,pollutant purification and N_(2) fixation are clearly summarized.In the end,we sorted out the conclusions and outlook,aiming to provide some new insights for this fascinating material.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB2008501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11904289)+3 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2020ZDLGY04-08 and 2020GXLH-Z-027)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(202003N4003)the Fundamental Research Funds forthe Central Universities(3102019PY004,31020190QD010,and 3102019JC004)start-up funds from Northwestern Polytechnical University(19SH020159 and 20GH020140).
文摘Flexible and wearable pressure sensors attached to human skin are effective and convenient in accurate and real-time tracking of various physiological signals for disease diagnosis and health assessment.Conventional flexible pressure sensors are constructed using compressible dielectric or conductive layers,which are electrically sensitive to external mechanical stimulation.However,saturated deformation under large compression significantly restrains the detection range and sensitivity of such sensors.Here,we report a novel type of flexible pressure sensor to overcome the compression saturation of the sensing layer by softstrain ffect,enabling an utra-high sensitivity of~636 kPa^(-1) and a wide detection range from 0.1 kPa to 56 kPa.In addition,the cyclic loading-unloading test reveals the excellent stability of the sensor,which maintains its signal detection after 10.000 cycles of 10 kPa compression.The sensor is capable of monitoring arterial pulse waves from both deep tissue and distal parts,such as digital arteries and dorsal pedal arteries,which can be used for blood pressure estimation by pulse transit time at the same artery branch.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1204404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62274095,61774088,and 61705112)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Committee of Jiangsu Province(No.22KJA510004)the Synergistic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays,and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.YX030003).
文摘The progress of stretchable organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs)has brought about new possibilities for highly functional wearable electronics.However,the efficiency and durability of stretchable OLEDs have been limited by the performance of stretchable transparent electrodes.Here,we proposed an interface engineering strategy that involves anchoring the growth of silver(Ag)atoms with amine-enriched biomaterials for high-quality stretchable transparent electrodes.The strong interactions between the Ag atom and the amine group enable the uniform Ag electrodes at an ultralow thickness of 7 nm,and provide remarkable mechanical flexibility and strain endurance to the Ag electrodes.The distinct effects of different amino acids were investigated,and a deep understanding of their unique contributions to the film formation process was gained.The resulting ultrathin Ag electrodes exhibit outstanding optoelectrical properties(transmittance of~98% and sheet resistance of~8.7Ω/sq)and excellent stretchability during 500 stretching cycles at 100%strain.Stretchable green phosphorescent OLEDs based on the Ag electrodes have been demonstrated with a current efficiency of up to~70.4 cd/A.Impressively,the devices show excellent stretching stability,retaining~89% of the original luminance and~78% of the original current efficiency after 200 stretching cycles at 100%strain.This work opens up new possibilities for stretchable transparent electrodes,fostering advancements in wearable displays and other innovative flexible devices.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711691)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12104130 and 12304085)+3 种基金Six talent peaks project in Jiangsu Province(No.XCL-104)the open research fund of Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices(Southeast University)Ministry of Education(No.3207022401C3)Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY221102).
文摘Van der Waals (vdWs) stacking of two-dimensional (2D) materials can effectively weaken the Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect in metal/semiconductor contacts due to dangling-bond-free surfaces. However, the inherent vdWs gap always induces a considerable tunneling barrier, significantly limiting carrier injection. Herein, by inducing a sp^(2) to sp^(3) hybridization transformation in 2D carbon-based metal via surface defect engineering, the large orbital overlap can form an efficient carrier channel, overcoming the tunneling barrier. Specifically, by selecting the 2D carbon-based X_(3)C_(2) (X = Cd, Hg, and Zn) metal and the 2D MSi_(2)N_(4) (M = Cr, Hf, Mo, Ti, V, and Zr) semiconductor, we constructed 36 metal/semiconductor contacts. For vdWs contacts, although Ohmic contacts can be formed at the interface, the highest tunneling probability (P TB) is only 3.11%. As expected, the P TB can be significantly improved, as high as 48.73%, when MSi_(2)N_(4), accompanied by surface nitrogen vacancies, forms an interface covalent bond with X_(3)C_(2). Simultaneously, weak FLP and Ohmic contact remain at the covalent-bond-based surface, attributing to the protection of the MSi_(2)N_(4) band-edge electronic states by the outlying Si-N sublayer. Our work provides a promising path for advancing the progress of 2D electronic and photoelectronic devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22205105,62288102,61874053,22075136National Key Basic Research Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020YFA0709900+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesResearch Innovation in University of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Number:KYCX21_0772。
文摘The emergence offlexible organic crystals changed the perception of molecu-lar crystals that were regarded as brittle entities over a long period of time,and sparked a great interest in exploring mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward next-generation smart materials during the past decade.Schiff base compounds are considered to be one of the most promising candidates forflexible organic crystals owing to their easy synthesis,high yield,stimuli respon-siveness and good mechanical properties.This paper gives an overview of the recent development of Schiff baseflexible organic crystals(including elastic organic crystals,plastic organic crystals,andflexible organic crystals integrating elastic-ity and plasticity)from serendipitous discovery to design strategies and versatile applications such as stimuli responses,optical waveguides,optoelectronic devices,biomimetic soft robots,and organic photonic integrated circuits.Notably,atomic force microscopy-micromanipulation technique has been utilized to bring the mul-tifunctional applications offlexible organic crystals from the macroscopic level to the microscopic world.Since understanding mechanicalflexibility at the molec-ular level through crystal engineering can assist us to trace down the structural origin of mechanical properties,we focus on the packing structures of various Schiff baseflexible organic crystals driven by non-covalent intermolecular inter-actions and their close correlation with mechanical behaviors.We hope that the information given here will help in the design of novelflexible organic crys-tals combined with other unique properties,and promote further research into the area of mechanically compliant organic crystalline materials toward multifunctional applications.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFE0202500National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:62375142,62005241。
文摘Scintillators,which can convert high-energy particles(X-rays)into detectable lowenergy ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared photons,are essential components of X-ray detectors and show extensive practical applications in nondestructive detection and medical imaging.Traditionally,inorganic scintillators represented by CsI:Tl have achieved definite progress.However,the harsh preparation conditions,high production cost,and poor mechanical properties impede their potential development in the high-end X-ray imaging field.Organic-inorganic hybrid metal complexes could be excellent alternatives,by virtue of their structural and spectral tunability,good solution processability,and excellent photophysical properties.This review mainly focuses on eco-friendly lead-free metal(Mn^(2+),Cu^(+),Sb^(3+),Sn^(2+),Ge^(2+),Ln^(3+),etc.)complex scintillators.The luminescence mechanisms are introduced and the scintillation performance,such as light yield,limit of detection,imaging resolution,etc.,is highlighted.Moreover,the current challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are described.It is hoped to provide some theoretical guidance for the continuous development of the new scintillator systems.
