This paper establishes an evaluation model of the customer satisfaction index for the wellhead blowout preventers of China＇s petroleum industry based on evaluation models of the customer satisfaction index at home an...This paper establishes an evaluation model of the customer satisfaction index for the wellhead blowout preventers of China＇s petroleum industry based on evaluation models of the customer satisfaction index at home and aboard, and by considering the consuming situation in China and the features of the China＇s petroleum industry. For the existence of： （1） multiple correlations among the factors in the model; （2） the variables need to be explained, but that are hard to observe; （3） the customer satisfaction degree of observation variables appears the shape of skewness or two or three peaks, the correlations between the satisfaction index and its factors cannot be described by common multiple regression. This paper uses a partial least squares （PLS） method based on principal components and typical correlative analysis to solve the problem. When PLS is used in the model of the customer satisfaction index of the wellhead blowout preventers, the latent variables and the explanation degree coefficient of the manifest variable to the corresponding latent variables are estimated by PLS path analysis, and the influencing coefficient among the latent variables in the model is estimated by PLS regression analysis. PLS is also be used to calculate and analyze the model and disclose the correlations among the structural variables as well as the correlation between structural variables and its corresponding observation variables, evaluating results of which provide useful information for petroleum industry to improve the product quality and to the enhancement of the customer satisfaction to the product.展开更多
Percussive-rotary drilling technology was considered many years ago as one of the best approaches for hard rock drilling. It is a key for popularizing this technology on a large scale to design and make an impactor wi...Percussive-rotary drilling technology was considered many years ago as one of the best approaches for hard rock drilling. It is a key for popularizing this technology on a large scale to design and make an impactor with excellent performance. This paper presents a suit of method to design the percussive parameters for the oil or gas field by introducing the working principle of back-pressurod impactor, dividing the working periods of impaetor into three phases and establishing the computer emuiational model of percussive parameters. It draws a comparison between the results of model calenlation and experiment on the basis of analyzing the experiment results of impactor. The conclude provides credible foundation for designing and further ameliorating the impactor.展开更多
Quality function deployment （QFD） is a quality system, that can help to design novel products that meet customers＇ needs. Theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） is a very powerful tool in helping to solve dif...Quality function deployment （QFD） is a quality system, that can help to design novel products that meet customers＇ needs. Theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） is a very powerful tool in helping to solve difficult technical problems encountered in the design process. Introducing QFD and TRIZ into the conceptual design of the pumping unit combines advantages of these two theories, therefore meeting different demands of different users. It can tell us “What should we do it” with QFD and “How should we do it” with TRIZ. The conceptual design method, which is based on QFD and TRIZ, is introduced andused to analyze and evaluate the conceptual design project of a pumping unit.展开更多
A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedi- mentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism.A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented.The res...A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedi- mentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism.A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented.The results of an example show that the fluid-solid coupled effect has great influence on multiphase fluid flow and reservoir recovery performances,and the coupled model has practical significance for oilfield development.展开更多
By means of Delta-function & unit step function to express the force of solid particle on plane inertial shaker's screen, an mathematical model of the differential equation type was set up and solved. Accordin...By means of Delta-function & unit step function to express the force of solid particle on plane inertial shaker's screen, an mathematical model of the differential equation type was set up and solved. According to analysis of the solution, the relation is given between the throw period & displacement with the parameters of shaker design & solid particle. The method of numerical value calculation & analysis for the relation is given too.展开更多
Taking the Hubble parameter directly as a function of the scalar field instead of as a function of time,H = H( ), we present a new exact solution in the new inflation model with induced gravity. This includes solution...Taking the Hubble parameter directly as a function of the scalar field instead of as a function of time,H = H( ), we present a new exact solution in the new inflation model with induced gravity. This includes solution which is inflation for < > end, and develops smoothly towards radiation-like evolution for ≥ end. The inflation is driven by the evolution of the field with inflation potential, V( ) = λ 2 v2)2.density, ns, is computed and ns lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer (COBE) satellite.the dex of the scalar effective cosmological constant Aeff tends to zero when inflation ends.展开更多
The identity and the supersymmetry shape invariance for a class of exponential-type molecule potentials are studied by introducing a deformed five-parameter exponential-type potential (DFPEP) and via the multi-paramet...The identity and the supersymmetry shape invariance for a class of exponential-type molecule potentials are studied by introducing a deformed five-parameter exponential-type potential (DFPEP) and via the multi-parameter deformations. It has been shown that the DFPEP is a shape-invariant potential with a translation of parameters. By making use of the shape invariance approach, the exact energy levels are determined for the bound states with zero angular momentum. A class of molecule potentials and their exact energy spectra for the zero angular momentum states are reduced from the DFPEP and a general energy spectrum formula, respectively. The interrelations for some molecule potentials are also discussed.展开更多
Taking the cosmological expansion rate directly as a function of field , H = H( ), we present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describe the evolution of cosmological chaotic inflation model. The i...Taking the cosmological expansion rate directly as a function of field , H = H( ), we present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describe the evolution of cosmological chaotic inflation model. The inflation is driven by the evolution of scalar field with inflation potential V( ) = λ 2 v2)2.8 ( 2- 2)2.The spectral indices of the scalar density ns and gravitational wave fluctuations ng are computed. The value of ns lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer satellite.展开更多
In order to devoid the hard work and factitious error in selecting charts while analyzing and interpreting hydraulic fracturing fracture parameters, on the basis of the non-Darcy flow factor, this paper put out the no...In order to devoid the hard work and factitious error in selecting charts while analyzing and interpreting hydraulic fracturing fracture parameters, on the basis of the non-Darcy flow factor, this paper put out the non-Darcy flow mathematical model of real gas in the formation and fracture, established the production history automatic matching model to identify fracture parameters, and offered the numerical solutions of those models, which took the variation of fracture conductivity in production process. These results offered a precise and reliable method to understand formation, analyze and evaluate the fracturing treatment quality of gas well.展开更多
Attention is concentrated on how to perform the innovative design during the process of pumping unit conceptual design, and how to enhance design efficiency and inspire creativity. Aiming at the shortages of conceptua...Attention is concentrated on how to perform the innovative design during the process of pumping unit conceptual design, and how to enhance design efficiency and inspire creativity. Aiming at the shortages of conceptual design, introducing the theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） into the mechanical product design for producing innovative ideas, and using the advanced computer-aided technique, the intelligent decision support system （IDSS） based on TRIZ （TRIZ-IDSS） has been constructed. The construction method, system structure, conceptual production, decisionmaking and evaluation of the problem solving subsystem are discussed. The innovative conceptual design of pumping units indicates that the system can help the engineers open up a new space of thinking, overcome the thinking inertia, and put forward innovative design concepts. This system also can offer the scientific instructions for the innovative design of mechanical products.展开更多
In accordance with the fracturing and producing mechanism in coalbed methane well, and combining the knowledge of fluid mechanics, linear elastic fracture mechanics, thermal transfer, computing mathematics and softwar...In accordance with the fracturing and producing mechanism in coalbed methane well, and combining the knowledge of fluid mechanics, linear elastic fracture mechanics, thermal transfer, computing mathematics and software engineering, the three-dimensional hydraulic fracture propagating and dynamical production predicting models for coalbed methane well is put forward. The fracture propagation model takes the variation of rock mechanical properties and in-situ stress distribution into consideration. The dynamic performance prediction model takes the gas production mechanism into consideration. With these models, a three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing optimum design software for coalbed methane well is developed, and its practicality and reliability have been proved by ex-ample computation.展开更多
A new kind of solvent for deacidification of distillate oils was introduced in this paper. After successful laboratory study this technology had been applied in commercial scale successfully. Compared to traditional c...A new kind of solvent for deacidification of distillate oils was introduced in this paper. After successful laboratory study this technology had been applied in commercial scale successfully. Compared to traditional caustic wash of distillate oils, this technology has a lot of merits, such as the broad range of distillates to be processed, low caustic consumption, recycle of deacidifying agent, absence of waste caustic discharge, and low equipment revamp expenses, which can have promising perspectives for exploitation and application of this technology.展开更多
Based on the flow mechanism of hydraulic fractured wells, through integrating linear-flow model and effective well-radius model, a new model of well test analysis for wells with vertical fracture was established. In t...Based on the flow mechanism of hydraulic fractured wells, through integrating linear-flow model and effective well-radius model, a new model of well test analysis for wells with vertical fracture was established. In the model, wellbore storage, the damage in the wall of fracture and all kinds of boundary conditions are considered. The model is concise in form, has intact curves and computes fast, which may meet the demand of real-time computation and fast responded well test interpretation. A new method to determine effective well radius was presented, and the correlation between effective well radius and the fracture length, fracture conductivity, skin factor of fracture was given. Matching flow rate or pressure tested, the optimization model that identified formation and fracture parameters was set up. The automatic matching method was presented by synthetically using step by step linear least square method and sequential quadratic programming. At last, the application was also discussed. Application shows that all of these results can analyze and evaluate the fracturing treatment quality scientifically and rationally, instruct and modify the design of fracturing and improve fracturing design level.展开更多
We present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describes the evolution of inflationary universe models.The inflation is driven by the evolution of a scalar field with an approximate two-loop four-dim...We present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describes the evolution of inflationary universe models.The inflation is driven by the evolution of a scalar field with an approximate two-loop four-dimensional string potential.In this scenario,the inflation began immediately after the epoch governed by quantum gravity and therefore there is no initial singularity.The successful inflation scenario is expected to appear only at two-loop order.For a_(1)/|a_(2)|≥90,the spectral index n_(s) of the scalar density fluctuations lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer satellite and the gravitational wave spectral index is n_(g)≈1.展开更多
Taking the cosmological expansion rate directly as a function of the inflaton field jinstead of as a function of time,we present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describe the evolution of inflatio...Taking the cosmological expansion rate directly as a function of the inflaton field jinstead of as a function of time,we present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describe the evolution of inflationary universe model.This includes a solution which has nearly exponential inflation for,and then develops smoothly towards radiation-like evolution for.The inflation is driven by the evolution of scalar field with inflation potential,V()=V0-m^(2)/^(2)+λ/4.The spectral index of the scalar density,ns,is computed and ns lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer satellite.展开更多
In this paper, microscopic characteristics of preformed gels （PGs） and secondary cross-linked gels （SCG） with the same concentration were analyzed by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Experimental results indicate ...In this paper, microscopic characteristics of preformed gels （PGs） and secondary cross-linked gels （SCG） with the same concentration were analyzed by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Experimental results indicate that the microstructure of secondary cross-linked gels is a thick 3-D network, in which micro-holes and irregular macro-holes are embedded. The maximum width of the irregular macro-holes is 200 nm. In the SCG two different chemical bonds were formed, which leads to the structural inhomogeneity and the asymmetry of the crosslinking density. The structural inhomogeneity of SCG results in the formation of irregular macro-holes. The excessive cross-linking density is the primary reason for dehydration of SCG and the presence of irregular macro-holes in SCG can facilitate dehydration.展开更多
The corrosion resistance and microstructure of Al2O3-C based refractories in smelting reduction melts were studied and evaluated by the quasi-stationary immersion and rotary immersion test. The corrosion rate of the A...The corrosion resistance and microstructure of Al2O3-C based refractories in smelting reduction melts were studied and evaluated by the quasi-stationary immersion and rotary immersion test. The corrosion rate of the Al2O3-C based refractories is decreased with the addition of the graphite carbon and ZrO2. The test results showed that the ZrO2 containing bricks had much better corrosion resistance than the ZrO2- free bricks. The ZrO2 addition improved the oxidization resistance of the refractory and decreased the interaction rate between the melts and the refractory. The corrosion of the Al2O3-C based refractories is caused by both the interaction between melts and refractory and the dissolution of the refractory constituents into the melts.展开更多
An efficient method to identify supernova remnants is provided,in order to iron out the great gap between the predicted number and the observed.We make an attempt to apply D4 wavelet to detect the useful structures bu...An efficient method to identify supernova remnants is provided,in order to iron out the great gap between the predicted number and the observed.We make an attempt to apply D4 wavelet to detect the useful structures buried in radio map,showing that it is an efficient way to separate noises from signals.展开更多
There is always a lexicon in a language learner＇s mind, with the lexical factors be represented. This paper proposes a dual-mode system to present vocabulary in the lexicon with access to rules and exemplars, which a...There is always a lexicon in a language learner＇s mind, with the lexical factors be represented. This paper proposes a dual-mode system to present vocabulary in the lexicon with access to rules and exemplars, which aims at facilitating the process to the lexicon with accuracy, appropriateness and idiomaticity.展开更多
On the basis of a large amount of natural gascomponents and the carbon isotope as well as some otheranalysis data in Kela 2 gas field, the geochemical character-istics, source, origin, and formation process of natural...On the basis of a large amount of natural gascomponents and the carbon isotope as well as some otheranalysis data in Kela 2 gas field, the geochemical character-istics, source, origin, and formation process of natural gashave been discussed. The components of gas in the field tendto be 'dry', and the drying coefficient is close to 1.0. Thecarbon isotope tends to be heavier, for instance, the averageof δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>1</sub> is -27.36‰ and that ofδ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub> is -18.5‰. Compre-hensive analysis shows that humic natural gas in the Kuqapetroleum system comes mainly from Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks, and the contribution of Jurassic source rocks tothe pool maybe is more than that of Triassic rocks. The maincause that the gas tends to be dry and bears heavier isotopecomposition lies in the fact that Kela 2 natural gas is the ac-cumulation of late production of humic source rocks, and itis affected by the abnormal high pressure as well. Consider-ing the hydrocarbon generating and structural history, wecan regard the gas pool formation processes as twice fillingand twice adjusting （destroying）, that is, the filling anddestroying process in the early Himalayan movement and thefilling and adjusting in the late Himalayan movement.展开更多
文摘This paper establishes an evaluation model of the customer satisfaction index for the wellhead blowout preventers of China＇s petroleum industry based on evaluation models of the customer satisfaction index at home and aboard, and by considering the consuming situation in China and the features of the China＇s petroleum industry. For the existence of： （1） multiple correlations among the factors in the model; （2） the variables need to be explained, but that are hard to observe; （3） the customer satisfaction degree of observation variables appears the shape of skewness or two or three peaks, the correlations between the satisfaction index and its factors cannot be described by common multiple regression. This paper uses a partial least squares （PLS） method based on principal components and typical correlative analysis to solve the problem. When PLS is used in the model of the customer satisfaction index of the wellhead blowout preventers, the latent variables and the explanation degree coefficient of the manifest variable to the corresponding latent variables are estimated by PLS path analysis, and the influencing coefficient among the latent variables in the model is estimated by PLS regression analysis. PLS is also be used to calculate and analyze the model and disclose the correlations among the structural variables as well as the correlation between structural variables and its corresponding observation variables, evaluating results of which provide useful information for petroleum industry to improve the product quality and to the enhancement of the customer satisfaction to the product.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of China National Petroleum Corporation (990407 - 06 - 02)
文摘Percussive-rotary drilling technology was considered many years ago as one of the best approaches for hard rock drilling. It is a key for popularizing this technology on a large scale to design and make an impactor with excellent performance. This paper presents a suit of method to design the percussive parameters for the oil or gas field by introducing the working principle of back-pressurod impactor, dividing the working periods of impaetor into three phases and establishing the computer emuiational model of percussive parameters. It draws a comparison between the results of model calenlation and experiment on the basis of analyzing the experiment results of impactor. The conclude provides credible foundation for designing and further ameliorating the impactor.
文摘Quality function deployment （QFD） is a quality system, that can help to design novel products that meet customers＇ needs. Theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） is a very powerful tool in helping to solve difficult technical problems encountered in the design process. Introducing QFD and TRIZ into the conceptual design of the pumping unit combines advantages of these two theories, therefore meeting different demands of different users. It can tell us “What should we do it” with QFD and “How should we do it” with TRIZ. The conceptual design method, which is based on QFD and TRIZ, is introduced andused to analyze and evaluate the conceptual design project of a pumping unit.
文摘A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedi- mentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism.A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented.The results of an example show that the fluid-solid coupled effect has great influence on multiphase fluid flow and reservoir recovery performances,and the coupled model has practical significance for oilfield development.
文摘By means of Delta-function & unit step function to express the force of solid particle on plane inertial shaker's screen, an mathematical model of the differential equation type was set up and solved. According to analysis of the solution, the relation is given between the throw period & displacement with the parameters of shaker design & solid particle. The method of numerical value calculation & analysis for the relation is given too.
文摘Taking the Hubble parameter directly as a function of the scalar field instead of as a function of time,H = H( ), we present a new exact solution in the new inflation model with induced gravity. This includes solution which is inflation for < > end, and develops smoothly towards radiation-like evolution for ≥ end. The inflation is driven by the evolution of the field with inflation potential, V( ) = λ 2 v2)2.density, ns, is computed and ns lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer (COBE) satellite.the dex of the scalar effective cosmological constant Aeff tends to zero when inflation ends.
文摘The identity and the supersymmetry shape invariance for a class of exponential-type molecule potentials are studied by introducing a deformed five-parameter exponential-type potential (DFPEP) and via the multi-parameter deformations. It has been shown that the DFPEP is a shape-invariant potential with a translation of parameters. By making use of the shape invariance approach, the exact energy levels are determined for the bound states with zero angular momentum. A class of molecule potentials and their exact energy spectra for the zero angular momentum states are reduced from the DFPEP and a general energy spectrum formula, respectively. The interrelations for some molecule potentials are also discussed.
文摘Taking the cosmological expansion rate directly as a function of field , H = H( ), we present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describe the evolution of cosmological chaotic inflation model. The inflation is driven by the evolution of scalar field with inflation potential V( ) = λ 2 v2)2.8 ( 2- 2)2.The spectral indices of the scalar density ns and gravitational wave fluctuations ng are computed. The value of ns lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer satellite.
文摘In order to devoid the hard work and factitious error in selecting charts while analyzing and interpreting hydraulic fracturing fracture parameters, on the basis of the non-Darcy flow factor, this paper put out the non-Darcy flow mathematical model of real gas in the formation and fracture, established the production history automatic matching model to identify fracture parameters, and offered the numerical solutions of those models, which took the variation of fracture conductivity in production process. These results offered a precise and reliable method to understand formation, analyze and evaluate the fracturing treatment quality of gas well.
文摘Attention is concentrated on how to perform the innovative design during the process of pumping unit conceptual design, and how to enhance design efficiency and inspire creativity. Aiming at the shortages of conceptual design, introducing the theory of inventive problem solving （TRIZ） into the mechanical product design for producing innovative ideas, and using the advanced computer-aided technique, the intelligent decision support system （IDSS） based on TRIZ （TRIZ-IDSS） has been constructed. The construction method, system structure, conceptual production, decisionmaking and evaluation of the problem solving subsystem are discussed. The innovative conceptual design of pumping units indicates that the system can help the engineers open up a new space of thinking, overcome the thinking inertia, and put forward innovative design concepts. This system also can offer the scientific instructions for the innovative design of mechanical products.
文摘In accordance with the fracturing and producing mechanism in coalbed methane well, and combining the knowledge of fluid mechanics, linear elastic fracture mechanics, thermal transfer, computing mathematics and software engineering, the three-dimensional hydraulic fracture propagating and dynamical production predicting models for coalbed methane well is put forward. The fracture propagation model takes the variation of rock mechanical properties and in-situ stress distribution into consideration. The dynamic performance prediction model takes the gas production mechanism into consideration. With these models, a three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing optimum design software for coalbed methane well is developed, and its practicality and reliability have been proved by ex-ample computation.
文摘A new kind of solvent for deacidification of distillate oils was introduced in this paper. After successful laboratory study this technology had been applied in commercial scale successfully. Compared to traditional caustic wash of distillate oils, this technology has a lot of merits, such as the broad range of distillates to be processed, low caustic consumption, recycle of deacidifying agent, absence of waste caustic discharge, and low equipment revamp expenses, which can have promising perspectives for exploitation and application of this technology.
基金theNaturalGasExploitationKeyLabofSichuanProvince (No .0 1 6)
文摘Based on the flow mechanism of hydraulic fractured wells, through integrating linear-flow model and effective well-radius model, a new model of well test analysis for wells with vertical fracture was established. In the model, wellbore storage, the damage in the wall of fracture and all kinds of boundary conditions are considered. The model is concise in form, has intact curves and computes fast, which may meet the demand of real-time computation and fast responded well test interpretation. A new method to determine effective well radius was presented, and the correlation between effective well radius and the fracture length, fracture conductivity, skin factor of fracture was given. Matching flow rate or pressure tested, the optimization model that identified formation and fracture parameters was set up. The automatic matching method was presented by synthetically using step by step linear least square method and sequential quadratic programming. At last, the application was also discussed. Application shows that all of these results can analyze and evaluate the fracturing treatment quality scientifically and rationally, instruct and modify the design of fracturing and improve fracturing design level.
文摘We present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describes the evolution of inflationary universe models.The inflation is driven by the evolution of a scalar field with an approximate two-loop four-dimensional string potential.In this scenario,the inflation began immediately after the epoch governed by quantum gravity and therefore there is no initial singularity.The successful inflation scenario is expected to appear only at two-loop order.For a_(1)/|a_(2)|≥90,the spectral index n_(s) of the scalar density fluctuations lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer satellite and the gravitational wave spectral index is n_(g)≈1.
文摘Taking the cosmological expansion rate directly as a function of the inflaton field jinstead of as a function of time,we present a new exact solution to Einstein's equations that describe the evolution of inflationary universe model.This includes a solution which has nearly exponential inflation for,and then develops smoothly towards radiation-like evolution for.The inflation is driven by the evolution of scalar field with inflation potential,V()=V0-m^(2)/^(2)+λ/4.The spectral index of the scalar density,ns,is computed and ns lies well inside the limits set by the cosmic background explorer satellite.
文摘In this paper, microscopic characteristics of preformed gels （PGs） and secondary cross-linked gels （SCG） with the same concentration were analyzed by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Experimental results indicate that the microstructure of secondary cross-linked gels is a thick 3-D network, in which micro-holes and irregular macro-holes are embedded. The maximum width of the irregular macro-holes is 200 nm. In the SCG two different chemical bonds were formed, which leads to the structural inhomogeneity and the asymmetry of the crosslinking density. The structural inhomogeneity of SCG results in the formation of irregular macro-holes. The excessive cross-linking density is the primary reason for dehydration of SCG and the presence of irregular macro-holes in SCG can facilitate dehydration.
文摘The corrosion resistance and microstructure of Al2O3-C based refractories in smelting reduction melts were studied and evaluated by the quasi-stationary immersion and rotary immersion test. The corrosion rate of the Al2O3-C based refractories is decreased with the addition of the graphite carbon and ZrO2. The test results showed that the ZrO2 containing bricks had much better corrosion resistance than the ZrO2- free bricks. The ZrO2 addition improved the oxidization resistance of the refractory and decreased the interaction rate between the melts and the refractory. The corrosion of the Al2O3-C based refractories is caused by both the interaction between melts and refractory and the dissolution of the refractory constituents into the melts.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.19873009 and 19773017.
文摘An efficient method to identify supernova remnants is provided,in order to iron out the great gap between the predicted number and the observed.We make an attempt to apply D4 wavelet to detect the useful structures buried in radio map,showing that it is an efficient way to separate noises from signals.
文摘There is always a lexicon in a language learner＇s mind, with the lexical factors be represented. This paper proposes a dual-mode system to present vocabulary in the lexicon with access to rules and exemplars, which aims at facilitating the process to the lexicon with accuracy, appropriateness and idiomaticity.
文摘On the basis of a large amount of natural gascomponents and the carbon isotope as well as some otheranalysis data in Kela 2 gas field, the geochemical character-istics, source, origin, and formation process of natural gashave been discussed. The components of gas in the field tendto be 'dry', and the drying coefficient is close to 1.0. Thecarbon isotope tends to be heavier, for instance, the averageof δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>1</sub> is -27.36‰ and that ofδ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub> is -18.5‰. Compre-hensive analysis shows that humic natural gas in the Kuqapetroleum system comes mainly from Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks, and the contribution of Jurassic source rocks tothe pool maybe is more than that of Triassic rocks. The maincause that the gas tends to be dry and bears heavier isotopecomposition lies in the fact that Kela 2 natural gas is the ac-cumulation of late production of humic source rocks, and itis affected by the abnormal high pressure as well. Consider-ing the hydrocarbon generating and structural history, wecan regard the gas pool formation processes as twice fillingand twice adjusting （destroying）, that is, the filling anddestroying process in the early Himalayan movement and thefilling and adjusting in the late Himalayan movement.
