Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these u...Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to education and research are not currently accessible due to distance, form, and technical barriers. This project is to find new ways to enable users to access and exploit these significant research collections via global network. As GMNet is ending its first 5-year phase in October 2005, it has contributed substantially to the community building in digital library development by ac- commodating numerous collaborators and technical staff from various parts of the world to spend 3 to 5 months as a full-member of the GMNet team in Boston. They have come from different parts of China—such as Sichuan, Hainan, Shanghai and Xi’an; Croatia; and Hanoi, Vietnam. In addition to contribute to the overall system development and enhancement of system function- alities, they have brought valuable sample image collections of their own institutions/countries, and actually developed prototype collections as a part of GMNet. This paper describes the exciting and productive experience of the first of this visiting research group in developing the GMNet’s Version 2.0 PHP-based system under Prof. Chen’s overall supervision. It also describes both the system’s technical level structure—user/Web-based application/data, and complex functionalities with multi-collection, multi-lingual, multi-modal searching capabilities; system management capabilities; as well as provisions for user uploads and retrieval for our own projects. This Version 2.0 system is built on the Linux/Apache/PHP/MySQL platform. What is described in this paper is an actual case which has formed a base for further new development by others in the research group. It demonstrates fully the value of the synergistic collaboration among global partners for universal digital library development. More information can be found in http://www.memorynet.org/.展开更多
Underresourced or socially excluded communities in Manchester, England demonstrate active use of information technologies despite continuing digital inequalities.A systematic look at 31 grassroots community groups, at...Underresourced or socially excluded communities in Manchester, England demonstrate active use of information technologies despite continuing digital inequalities.A systematic look at 31 grassroots community groups, at how they use IT and who helps them, reveals possible mechanisms towards a more inclusive network society. Social network and social capital theories help make apparent how people are self-organizing with respect to information technology in ways that reach across ethnicity, class, gender, and generations for skilled help, yet stay close to their strong-tie, bonding-social-capital networks, relying largely on people in their own communities. Based on 25 measures of IT use, the groups fall into three progressively more extensive categories: Downloaders(using computers and the Internet, particularly e-mails), uploaders(maintaining a group web presence), and cyberorganizers(helping others to become uploaders or downloaders). These categories align with each individual group's purpose.展开更多
In this digital era, we have witness the exciting convergence of content, technology, and global collaboration in the development of digital libraries. The mode of universal access for information seeking and knowledg...In this digital era, we have witness the exciting convergence of content, technology, and global collaboration in the development of digital libraries. The mode of universal access for information seeking and knowledge acquisition differs greatly fi＇om the traditional ways. From the information resources point of views, the old model of“owning” a collection has given way to “sharing,” and the new emphases have shifted fi＇om possessing large “physical libraries” to “virtual libraries” digitally distributed all over the world. “Universal access” has taken on a very different meaning when one has the ability to share invaluable resources through the use of cutting edge technologies. The author has experienced much of these transformations through her own R＆D activities-from the creation of interactive videodisc and multimedia CD on the First Emperor of China＇s terracotta warriors and horses in the 1980s and 1990s to leading a current international digital library project, Global Memory Net （GMNet）, supported by the US National Science Foundation. In presenting her vision for linking world digital resources together for universal access, she will share with the audience the latest development of Global Memory Net.展开更多
Purpose: Given the unique characteristics of physical education(PE) teaching in K-12education,PE teachers' information behaviors deserve special attention.This article reports a survey study of PE teachers' in...Purpose: Given the unique characteristics of physical education(PE) teaching in K-12education,PE teachers' information behaviors deserve special attention.This article reports a survey study of PE teachers' information behaviors,covering information literacy skills and behaviors of information seeking and information use.Design/methodology/approach:A questionnaire survey was conducted of K-12 PE teachers in the Tianjin municipal region of China,with a response rate of 61.9%.Findings:PE teachers lack skills with information retrieval systems in general.The Internet continues to be their primary information source,and they rely more on personal collection and colleagues than the school library for teaching materials.They rarely develop a searching strategy,employ querying tactics,or use advanced search functions,and they tend to be content with finding a few relevant articles.Research limitations:The survey is limited to the Tianjin municipal region in scope.Though attempting to reach 210 participants from 40 schools,it yielded only 130 valid responses.A larger survey covering more regions and with greater responses may be useful.Practical implications:Insights from this study inform the educational and on-job training of K-12 PE teachers to improve their information literacy skills.Originality/value:Little research exists on PE teachers' behaviors of information seeking.This study bridges the gap and enriches our understanding of K-12 teachers' information behaviors.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical and linguistic coverage of Google Scholar, using publications in the field of Roman law as an example.Design/methodology/approach: To create a datase...Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical and linguistic coverage of Google Scholar, using publications in the field of Roman law as an example.Design/methodology/approach: To create a dataset of Roman law publications, we retrieved a total of 21,300 records of publications, published between years 1500 and 2016, with title including words denoting "Roman law" in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Findings: We were able to find publications dating back to 1727. The largest number of publications and authors date to the late 19th century, and this peak might be explained by the role of Roman law in French legal education at the time. Furthermore, we found exceptionally skewed concentration of publications to authors, as well as of citations to publications. We speculate that this could be explained by the long time-frame of the study, and the importance of classic works. Research limitation: Major limitations, and potential future work, relate to data quality, and cleaning, disambiguation of publications and authors, as well as comparing coverage with other data sources. Practical implications: We find Google Scholar to be a promising data source for historical bibliometrics. This approach may help bridge the gap between bibliometrics and the "digital humanities".Originality/value: Earlier studies have focused mainly on Google Scholar's coverage of publications and citations in general, or in specific fields. The historical coverage has, however, received less attention.展开更多
Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaborat...Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaboration(IRC).Design/methodology/approch: We propose, implement, and evaluate a method that leverages the Web-based knowledge graph Wikidata to resolve publication affiliation data to particular countries. The method is tested with general and domain-specific data sets.Findings: Our evaluation covers the magnitude of improvement, accuracy, and consistency. Results suggest the method is beneficial, reliable, and consistent, and thus a viable and improved approach to measuring IRC.Research limitations: Though our evaluation suggests the method works with both general and domain-specific bibliographic data sets, it may perform differently with data sets not tested here. Further limitations stem from the use of the R programming language and R libraries for country identification as well as imbalanced data coverage and quality in Wikidata that may also change over time.Practical implications: The new method helps to increase the accuracy in IRC studies and provides a basis for further development into a general tool that enriches bibliographic data using the Wikidata knowledge graph.Originality: This is the first attempt to enrich bibliographic data using a peer-produced, Webbased knowledge graph like Wikidata.展开更多
The paper presents two fundamental models of scientific communication and characterizes and exemplifies the concept of Scientometrics' and its sub-research areas: publication analysis, including so-called publicat...The paper presents two fundamental models of scientific communication and characterizes and exemplifies the concept of Scientometrics' and its sub-research areas: publication analysis, including so-called publication point evaluation; citation analysis; and crown indicators for research evaluation. The recent research area Webometrics' is briefly discussed.展开更多
Purpose: This paper attempts to examine perceived benefits,barriers,and students' reactions towards e-textbooks.Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a survey of 105 undergraduate students in Califor...Purpose: This paper attempts to examine perceived benefits,barriers,and students' reactions towards e-textbooks.Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a survey of 105 undergraduate students in California. Undergraduate students were selected as the subjects of this study,because they are heavy users of textbooks for their course work.Findings: E-textbooks will complement our existing choices rather than substitute printed textbooks. While e-textbooks offer a number of benefits,they also produce many unanticipated challenges. A number of critical hurdles need to be solved before wider acceptance.Research limitations: This study attempts to explore students' reactions to e-textbooks by targeting undergraduate students in California. Future studies can focus on the long-term effects on learning.Practical implications: Considerable attention should be paid to designing features to ensure e-textbooks augment learning rather than detract from it.Originality/value: This paper also looks at the extent to which e-reader users and none e-reader users differ in their preferences for traditional textbooks and e-textbooks.展开更多
This paper briefly introduces the main ideas of a sustainable development OCR system based on open architecture techniques and then describes the construction of an optical character recognition (OCR) center built on ...This paper briefly introduces the main ideas of a sustainable development OCR system based on open architecture techniques and then describes the construction of an optical character recognition (OCR) center built on computer clusters, for the purpose of dynamically improving the recognition precision of the digitized texts of a million volumes of books produced by the China-US Million Books Digital Library (CADAL) Project. The practice of this center will provide helpful reference for other digital library projects.展开更多
Purpose: Digital reading is an important research topic in contemporary information science research. This paper aims to provide a snapshot of major studies on digital reading over the past few years.Design/methodolog...Purpose: Digital reading is an important research topic in contemporary information science research. This paper aims to provide a snapshot of major studies on digital reading over the past few years.Design/methodology/approach: This paper begins by introducing the background in digital reading, then outlines major research findings.Findings: The paper demonstrates the growth of interest in information science and other disciplines in digital reading behavior. Five areas are highlighted: Digital reading behavior,print vs. digital, preference for reading medium, multi-tasking and learning, and technological advancement and traditional attachment.Research limitations: Only major studies in the North American and European countries are covered.Practical implications: Understanding reading behavior in the digital environment would help develop more effective reading devices and empower readers in the online environment.Originality/value: The paper represents a first attempt to compare, evaluate, and synthesize recent studies on digital reading. Implications for the changes in reading behavior are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.展开更多
Socialmedia such as Twitter is increasingly beingused as an effective platform to observe human behaviors in disastrous events.However,uneven social media use among different groups of population in different regions ...Socialmedia such as Twitter is increasingly beingused as an effective platform to observe human behaviors in disastrous events.However,uneven social media use among different groups of population in different regions could lead to biased consequences and affect disaster resilience.This paper studies the Twitter use during 2017 Hurricane Harvey in 76 counties in Texas and Louisiana.We seek to answer a fundamental question:did socialgeographical disparities of Twitter use exist during the three phases of emergency management(preparedness,response,recovery)?We employed a Twitter data mining framework to process the data and calculate two indexes:Ratio and Sentiment.Regression analyses between the Ratio indexes and the social-geographical characteristics of the counties at the three phrases reveal significant social and geographical disparities in Twitter use during Hurricane Harvey.Communities with higher disasterrelated Twitter use in Harvey generally were communities having better social and geographical conditions.These results of Twitter use patterns can be used to compare with future similar studies to see whether the Twitter use disparities have increased or decreased.Future research is also needed to examine the effects of Twitter use disparities on disaster resilience and to test whether Twitter use can predict community resilience.展开更多
科研人员在钻研科研问题与分享科研数据的过程中,需要某种基础设施来确保数据最大程度的获取性、稳定性和可用性。这类基础设施可以统称为科研数据知识库(Research Data Repository,RDR)。自2012年启动的re3data.org项目,主要从事科研...科研人员在钻研科研问题与分享科研数据的过程中,需要某种基础设施来确保数据最大程度的获取性、稳定性和可用性。这类基础设施可以统称为科研数据知识库(Research Data Repository,RDR)。自2012年启动的re3data.org项目,主要从事科研数据知识库的登记注册,以及为科研人员、科研资助组织、图书馆和出版商等提供有关异构科研数据知识库的全景概述。截至2013年7月,已有400个科研数据知识库向re3data.org登记,其中288个采用re3data.org的信息图标,以协助科研人员遴选合适的知识库,并且存储与重用他们的数据。这篇论文描绘异构RDR的全景,表述机构的、学科的、跨学科的以及项目专业的RDR类型。深入描述re3data.org的特性,以及这套注册系统如何协助科研人员分辨适合存储和搜索科研数据的知识库。展开更多
Here we report on a study that combined a scoping review with co-occurrence analysis to assess the current state of publications and research topics in the area of international research collaboration measurement(IRCM...Here we report on a study that combined a scoping review with co-occurrence analysis to assess the current state of publications and research topics in the area of international research collaboration measurement(IRCM).Our study found that IRCM studies have been published in source titles of diverse subject areas and that there are two core research topics that have been commonly discussed across different subject areas in the IRCM domain-scientific productivity measurement and scientific impact measurement.The appearance of papers about IRCM in venues beyond those concerned only with bibliometric measures indicates the broad importance of IRCM for diverse research subjects,and that studies of IRC within particular fields should draw on diverse venues to provide a holistic and interdisciplinary picture of IRCM.展开更多
基金supported by the US National Science Foundation/International Digital Library Program(Grant No.NSF/CISE/IIS-9905833).
文摘Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to education and research are not currently accessible due to distance, form, and technical barriers. This project is to find new ways to enable users to access and exploit these significant research collections via global network. As GMNet is ending its first 5-year phase in October 2005, it has contributed substantially to the community building in digital library development by ac- commodating numerous collaborators and technical staff from various parts of the world to spend 3 to 5 months as a full-member of the GMNet team in Boston. They have come from different parts of China—such as Sichuan, Hainan, Shanghai and Xi’an; Croatia; and Hanoi, Vietnam. In addition to contribute to the overall system development and enhancement of system function- alities, they have brought valuable sample image collections of their own institutions/countries, and actually developed prototype collections as a part of GMNet. This paper describes the exciting and productive experience of the first of this visiting research group in developing the GMNet’s Version 2.0 PHP-based system under Prof. Chen’s overall supervision. It also describes both the system’s technical level structure—user/Web-based application/data, and complex functionalities with multi-collection, multi-lingual, multi-modal searching capabilities; system management capabilities; as well as provisions for user uploads and retrieval for our own projects. This Version 2.0 system is built on the Linux/Apache/PHP/MySQL platform. What is described in this paper is an actual case which has formed a base for further new development by others in the research group. It demonstrates fully the value of the synergistic collaboration among global partners for universal digital library development. More information can be found in http://www.memorynet.org/.
基金supported by the Manchester Digital Development Agency,the University of Manchester Ahmed Iqbal Race Relations Resource Center,the University of Michigan Non-Profit and Public Management Center and the Alliance for Community Technology
文摘Underresourced or socially excluded communities in Manchester, England demonstrate active use of information technologies despite continuing digital inequalities.A systematic look at 31 grassroots community groups, at how they use IT and who helps them, reveals possible mechanisms towards a more inclusive network society. Social network and social capital theories help make apparent how people are self-organizing with respect to information technology in ways that reach across ethnicity, class, gender, and generations for skilled help, yet stay close to their strong-tie, bonding-social-capital networks, relying largely on people in their own communities. Based on 25 measures of IT use, the groups fall into three progressively more extensive categories: Downloaders(using computers and the Internet, particularly e-mails), uploaders(maintaining a group web presence), and cyberorganizers(helping others to become uploaders or downloaders). These categories align with each individual group's purpose.
基金supported by the US Na tional Science Foundation/International Digital Li brary Program with the Grant Nos.NSF/CISE/IIS 9905833 and NSF/CISE/IIS-0333036.
文摘In this digital era, we have witness the exciting convergence of content, technology, and global collaboration in the development of digital libraries. The mode of universal access for information seeking and knowledge acquisition differs greatly fi＇om the traditional ways. From the information resources point of views, the old model of“owning” a collection has given way to “sharing,” and the new emphases have shifted fi＇om possessing large “physical libraries” to “virtual libraries” digitally distributed all over the world. “Universal access” has taken on a very different meaning when one has the ability to share invaluable resources through the use of cutting edge technologies. The author has experienced much of these transformations through her own R＆D activities-from the creation of interactive videodisc and multimedia CD on the First Emperor of China＇s terracotta warriors and horses in the 1980s and 1990s to leading a current international digital library project, Global Memory Net （GMNet）, supported by the US National Science Foundation. In presenting her vision for linking world digital resources together for universal access, she will share with the audience the latest development of Global Memory Net.
文摘Purpose: Given the unique characteristics of physical education(PE) teaching in K-12education,PE teachers' information behaviors deserve special attention.This article reports a survey study of PE teachers' information behaviors,covering information literacy skills and behaviors of information seeking and information use.Design/methodology/approach:A questionnaire survey was conducted of K-12 PE teachers in the Tianjin municipal region of China,with a response rate of 61.9%.Findings:PE teachers lack skills with information retrieval systems in general.The Internet continues to be their primary information source,and they rely more on personal collection and colleagues than the school library for teaching materials.They rarely develop a searching strategy,employ querying tactics,or use advanced search functions,and they tend to be content with finding a few relevant articles.Research limitations:The survey is limited to the Tianjin municipal region in scope.Though attempting to reach 210 participants from 40 schools,it yielded only 130 valid responses.A larger survey covering more regions and with greater responses may be useful.Practical implications:Insights from this study inform the educational and on-job training of K-12 PE teachers to improve their information literacy skills.Originality/value:Little research exists on PE teachers' behaviors of information seeking.This study bridges the gap and enriches our understanding of K-12 teachers' information behaviors.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical and linguistic coverage of Google Scholar, using publications in the field of Roman law as an example.Design/methodology/approach: To create a dataset of Roman law publications, we retrieved a total of 21,300 records of publications, published between years 1500 and 2016, with title including words denoting "Roman law" in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish. Findings: We were able to find publications dating back to 1727. The largest number of publications and authors date to the late 19th century, and this peak might be explained by the role of Roman law in French legal education at the time. Furthermore, we found exceptionally skewed concentration of publications to authors, as well as of citations to publications. We speculate that this could be explained by the long time-frame of the study, and the importance of classic works. Research limitation: Major limitations, and potential future work, relate to data quality, and cleaning, disambiguation of publications and authors, as well as comparing coverage with other data sources. Practical implications: We find Google Scholar to be a promising data source for historical bibliometrics. This approach may help bridge the gap between bibliometrics and the "digital humanities".Originality/value: Earlier studies have focused mainly on Google Scholar's coverage of publications and citations in general, or in specific fields. The historical coverage has, however, received less attention.
文摘Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaboration(IRC).Design/methodology/approch: We propose, implement, and evaluate a method that leverages the Web-based knowledge graph Wikidata to resolve publication affiliation data to particular countries. The method is tested with general and domain-specific data sets.Findings: Our evaluation covers the magnitude of improvement, accuracy, and consistency. Results suggest the method is beneficial, reliable, and consistent, and thus a viable and improved approach to measuring IRC.Research limitations: Though our evaluation suggests the method works with both general and domain-specific bibliographic data sets, it may perform differently with data sets not tested here. Further limitations stem from the use of the R programming language and R libraries for country identification as well as imbalanced data coverage and quality in Wikidata that may also change over time.Practical implications: The new method helps to increase the accuracy in IRC studies and provides a basis for further development into a general tool that enriches bibliographic data using the Wikidata knowledge graph.Originality: This is the first attempt to enrich bibliographic data using a peer-produced, Webbased knowledge graph like Wikidata.
文摘The paper presents two fundamental models of scientific communication and characterizes and exemplifies the concept of Scientometrics' and its sub-research areas: publication analysis, including so-called publication point evaluation; citation analysis; and crown indicators for research evaluation. The recent research area Webometrics' is briefly discussed.
文摘Purpose: This paper attempts to examine perceived benefits,barriers,and students' reactions towards e-textbooks.Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on a survey of 105 undergraduate students in California. Undergraduate students were selected as the subjects of this study,because they are heavy users of textbooks for their course work.Findings: E-textbooks will complement our existing choices rather than substitute printed textbooks. While e-textbooks offer a number of benefits,they also produce many unanticipated challenges. A number of critical hurdles need to be solved before wider acceptance.Research limitations: This study attempts to explore students' reactions to e-textbooks by targeting undergraduate students in California. Future studies can focus on the long-term effects on learning.Practical implications: Considerable attention should be paid to designing features to ensure e-textbooks augment learning rather than detract from it.Originality/value: This paper also looks at the extent to which e-reader users and none e-reader users differ in their preferences for traditional textbooks and e-textbooks.
基金Project supported by China-US Million Books Digital Library Project
文摘This paper briefly introduces the main ideas of a sustainable development OCR system based on open architecture techniques and then describes the construction of an optical character recognition (OCR) center built on computer clusters, for the purpose of dynamically improving the recognition precision of the digitized texts of a million volumes of books produced by the China-US Million Books Digital Library (CADAL) Project. The practice of this center will provide helpful reference for other digital library projects.
文摘Purpose: Digital reading is an important research topic in contemporary information science research. This paper aims to provide a snapshot of major studies on digital reading over the past few years.Design/methodology/approach: This paper begins by introducing the background in digital reading, then outlines major research findings.Findings: The paper demonstrates the growth of interest in information science and other disciplines in digital reading behavior. Five areas are highlighted: Digital reading behavior,print vs. digital, preference for reading medium, multi-tasking and learning, and technological advancement and traditional attachment.Research limitations: Only major studies in the North American and European countries are covered.Practical implications: Understanding reading behavior in the digital environment would help develop more effective reading devices and empower readers in the online environment.Originality/value: The paper represents a first attempt to compare, evaluate, and synthesize recent studies on digital reading. Implications for the changes in reading behavior are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
基金the SBE Office of Multidisciplinary Activities(SMA)organization in Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Science Research(IBSS)Program(Award No.1620451)the NSF Social and Economic Sciences Division(SES)Hurricane Harvey 2017 Program(Award No.1762600)。
文摘Socialmedia such as Twitter is increasingly beingused as an effective platform to observe human behaviors in disastrous events.However,uneven social media use among different groups of population in different regions could lead to biased consequences and affect disaster resilience.This paper studies the Twitter use during 2017 Hurricane Harvey in 76 counties in Texas and Louisiana.We seek to answer a fundamental question:did socialgeographical disparities of Twitter use exist during the three phases of emergency management(preparedness,response,recovery)?We employed a Twitter data mining framework to process the data and calculate two indexes:Ratio and Sentiment.Regression analyses between the Ratio indexes and the social-geographical characteristics of the counties at the three phrases reveal significant social and geographical disparities in Twitter use during Hurricane Harvey.Communities with higher disasterrelated Twitter use in Harvey generally were communities having better social and geographical conditions.These results of Twitter use patterns can be used to compare with future similar studies to see whether the Twitter use disparities have increased or decreased.Future research is also needed to examine the effects of Twitter use disparities on disaster resilience and to test whether Twitter use can predict community resilience.
文摘科研人员在钻研科研问题与分享科研数据的过程中,需要某种基础设施来确保数据最大程度的获取性、稳定性和可用性。这类基础设施可以统称为科研数据知识库(Research Data Repository,RDR)。自2012年启动的re3data.org项目,主要从事科研数据知识库的登记注册,以及为科研人员、科研资助组织、图书馆和出版商等提供有关异构科研数据知识库的全景概述。截至2013年7月,已有400个科研数据知识库向re3data.org登记,其中288个采用re3data.org的信息图标,以协助科研人员遴选合适的知识库,并且存储与重用他们的数据。这篇论文描绘异构RDR的全景,表述机构的、学科的、跨学科的以及项目专业的RDR类型。深入描述re3data.org的特性,以及这套注册系统如何协助科研人员分辨适合存储和搜索科研数据的知识库。
文摘Here we report on a study that combined a scoping review with co-occurrence analysis to assess the current state of publications and research topics in the area of international research collaboration measurement(IRCM).Our study found that IRCM studies have been published in source titles of diverse subject areas and that there are two core research topics that have been commonly discussed across different subject areas in the IRCM domain-scientific productivity measurement and scientific impact measurement.The appearance of papers about IRCM in venues beyond those concerned only with bibliometric measures indicates the broad importance of IRCM for diverse research subjects,and that studies of IRC within particular fields should draw on diverse venues to provide a holistic and interdisciplinary picture of IRCM.
