AIM:To use microarray-based miRNA profiling of colonic mucosal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and controls in order to identify new potential miRNA biomarkers in inflamm...AIM:To use microarray-based miRNA profiling of colonic mucosal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and controls in order to identify new potential miRNA biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS:Colonic mucosal pinch biopsies from the descending part were obtained endoscopically from patients with active UC or CD, quiescent UC or CD, as well as healthy controls. Total RNA was isolated and miRNA expression assessed using the miRNA microarray Geniom Biochip miRNA Homo sapiens (Febit GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Data analysis was carried out by principal component analysis and projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis using the SIMCA-P+12 software package (Umetrics, Umea, Sweden). The microarray data were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed on colonic tissue samples from active UC patients (n = 20), patients with quiescent UC (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 20). The qPCR results were analyzed with Mann-WhitneyU test.In silico prediction analysis were performed to identify potential miRNA target genes and the predicted miRNA targets were then compared with all UC associated susceptibility genes reported in the literature. RESULTS:The colonic mucosal miRNA transcriptome differs significantly between UC and controls, UC and CD, as well as between UC patients with mucosal inflammation and those without. However, no clear differences in the transcriptome of patients with CD and controls were found. The miRNAs with the strongest differential power were identified (miR-20b, miR-99a, miR-203, miR-26b, and miR-98) and found to be upregulated more than a 10-fold in active UC as compared to quiescent UC, CD, and controls. Two miRNAs, miR-125b-1* and let-7e*, were up-regulated more than 5-fold in quiescent UC compared to active UC, CD, and controls. Four of the seven miRNAs (miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let-7e*) were validated by qPCR and found to be specifically upregulated in patients with UC. Usingin silico analysis we found several predicted pro-inflammatory target genes involved in various pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytokine signaling, which are both key signaling pathways in UC.CONCLUSION:The present study provides the first evidence that miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let7e* are deregulated in patients with UC. The level of these miRNAs may serve as new potential biomarkers for this chronic disease.展开更多
New methods in landscape ecology to study the link between landscape heterogeneity and landscape functionality are needed. Heterogeneity is a basic characteristic of landscape, and landscape function is the capacity t...New methods in landscape ecology to study the link between landscape heterogeneity and landscape functionality are needed. Heterogeneity is a basic characteristic of landscape, and landscape function is the capacity to change the structural heterogeneity of a landscape system. In most developed countries the industrialisation of agriculture has in general resulted in a change of agricultural landscapes from a small-grained heterogeneous pattern towards more monotonous and monofunctional landscapes. During the 1990's this trends seems to have changed due to a diversification of rural land use and new trends in urbanisation. Weather these phases of landscape development should be expected in developing countries is a totally open question. Dealing with the study of multifunctionality of landscapes it is proposed to distinguish between ecological functionality of landscape ecosystems, functionality pertaining to land use and social functionality. Further, the relation between function, space and scale is important by the determination of spatial and time segregation as well as spatial and time integration of multifunctionality in landscapes.展开更多
Impact cratering is one of the fundamental processes in the formation of the Earth and our planetary system, as reflected, for example in the surfaces of Mars and the Moon. The Earth has been covered by a comparable n...Impact cratering is one of the fundamental processes in the formation of the Earth and our planetary system, as reflected, for example in the surfaces of Mars and the Moon. The Earth has been covered by a comparable number of impact scars, but due to active geological processes, weathering, sea floor spreading etc, the number of preserved and recognized impact craters on the Earth are limited. The study of impact structures is consequently of great importance in our understanding of the formation of the Earth and the planets, and one way we directly, on the Earth, can study planetary geology. The Nordic-Baltic area have about thirty confirmed impact structures which makes it one of the most densely crater-populated terrains on Earth. The high density of identified craters is due to the level of research activity, coupled with a deterministic view of what we look for. In spite of these results, many Nordic structures are poorly understood due to the lack of 3D-geophysical interpretations, isotopeor other dating efforts and better knowledge of the amount of erosion and subsequent tectonic modifications. The Nordic and Baltic impact community is closely collaborating in several impact-related projects and the many researchers （about forty） and PhD students （some seventeen） promise that this level will continue for many more years. The main topics of research include geological, geophysical and geochemical studies in combination with modeling and impact experiments. Moreover, the Nordic and Baltic crust contains some hundred suspect structures which call for detailed analysis to define their origin. New advanced methods of analyzing geophysical information in combination with detailed geochemical analyses and numerical modeling will be the future basic occupation of the impact scientists of the region. The unique Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary （K-T） occurrences in Denmark form an important source of information in explaining one of the major mass extinctions on Earth.展开更多
AIM To investigate if the down-regulation of N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 2(NDRG2) expression in colorectal carcinoma(CRC) is due to loss of the NDRG2 allele(s).METHODS The following were investigated in the human ...AIM To investigate if the down-regulation of N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 2(NDRG2) expression in colorectal carcinoma(CRC) is due to loss of the NDRG2 allele(s).METHODS The following were investigated in the human colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1, Lo Vo and SW-480: NDRG2 mRNA expression levels using quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR); interaction of the MYC gene-regulatory protein with the NDRG2 promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation; and NDRG2 promoter methylation using bisulfite sequencing.Furthermore, we performed qPCR to analyse the copy numbers of NDRG2 and MYC genes in the above three cell lines, 8 normal colorectal tissue samples and 40 CRC tissue samples.RESULTS As expected, NDRG2 mRNA levels were low in the three colorectal cancer cell lines, compared to normal colon.Endogenous MYC protein interacted with the NDRG2 core promoter in all three cell lines.In addition, the NDRG2 promoter was heavily methylated in these cell lines, suggesting an epigenetic regulatory mechanism.Unaltered gene copy numbers of NDRG2 were observed in the three cell lines.In the colorectal tissues, one normal and three CRC samples showed partial or complete loss of one NDRG2 allele.In contrast, the MYC gene was amplified in one cell line and in more than 40% of the CRC cases.CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the reduction in NDRG2 expression observed in CRC is due to transcriptional repression by MYC and promoter methylation, and is not due to allelic loss.展开更多
This article gives an overview of my book French Philosophy and Social Theory. A Perspective for Ethics and Philosophy of Management, published by Springer 2014. As an extension of my earlier work on French philosophy...This article gives an overview of my book French Philosophy and Social Theory. A Perspective for Ethics and Philosophy of Management, published by Springer 2014. As an extension of my earlier work on French philosophy, this book provides an application of important concepts from contemporary French philosophy to business ethics and the ethics of organizations. Although the book covers a wide range of philosophers and philosophical movements, there is a core and deep unity of the book. This is the demonstration of how the conceptual resources of contemporary French philosophy from the early 20th Century to the present day can be applied to give us new perspectives on business ethics and the ethics of organizations.展开更多
Background: Classical psychiatric opinions are relative uncertain and treatment results are not impressive when dealing with major depression. Depression is related to the endocrine system, but despite much effort a g...Background: Classical psychiatric opinions are relative uncertain and treatment results are not impressive when dealing with major depression. Depression is related to the endocrine system, but despite much effort a good quantitative measure for characterizing depression has not yet emerged. Methods: Based on ACTH and cortisol levels and using clustering analysis and mixture effect modeling we propose a novel and scientifically based quantitative index, denoted the O-index. The O-index combines a weighted and scaled deviation from normal values in both ACTH and cortisol. Results: Using ANOVA we compare the O-index with opinions reach by classical psychiatric diagnostic procedure (sensitivity 83%, specificity 59%, likelihood ratio positive 2.0, and likelihood ratio negative 0.29). The O-index nicely refines the etiology of depression: Combined with clinical data for 29 subjects earlier reported three categories emerge (p = 4.4 × 10-13): hypocortisolemic depressed, non-depressed, and hypercotisolemic depressed. The O-index also reveals why it has been difficult to obtain good markers earlier. It explains that healthy subjects may have an elevated (suppressed) level of cortisol or ACTH, however, the healthy system is able to deal with such elevated (suppressed) levels by compensating through suppressing (stimulating) the other component. In contrast the O-index shows that depressed subjects are incapable of making such compensation to a satisfactory degree. We illustrate how the O-index may be used for diagnostic procedure. Discussion: The methods are discussed and based on the available data material we propose that the O-index may be used to improve the diagnostic procedure and consequently the follow-up treatment.展开更多
How should we define the ethics of information technology？ It is not a new field of study in the sense that it requires an entirely new ethical thinking. Rather, it is a field where we can try to use our traditional ...How should we define the ethics of information technology？ It is not a new field of study in the sense that it requires an entirely new ethical thinking. Rather, it is a field where we can try to use our traditional philosophical notions and apply them to this field of computer technology, information science, and knowledge society in order to define responsibility and accountability. Although relations of causalities may be blurred and complex because of the auto-poetic development of computers and information systems we may still have to face the fact that human beings are fundamentally responsible behind the responsibilities of the computers. So we can say that the concept of reliability and accountability is related to human responsibility in the field of Internet technology. Indeed, issues of hacking, viruses and intervention in computers also pose the problems of responsibility and violation of property and copyrights and here we face similar issues as when we talk about physical property rights although what happens is going on in cyberspace. Also we face fundamental problems about transparency, power and democracy of society as the result of the information revolution in knowledge. This shows how it becomes more and more difficult for governments and organizations to hide information and that information is becoming more and more public. We can also talk about the present development as a technology-driven information revolution in knowledge society. The information overload is a result of this revolution that is expressed in the Internet and that changes the relation of human beings to society where human beings need to access information technology and tools in order to be able to live and work in society.展开更多
Alkyl xanthines underwent selective homolytic aromatic substitution at C-8 position with alkyl groups of pentaamminecobalt(III) complex. In this process of synthesis, we used monoalkyl hydrazines as the radical source...Alkyl xanthines underwent selective homolytic aromatic substitution at C-8 position with alkyl groups of pentaamminecobalt(III) complex. In this process of synthesis, we used monoalkyl hydrazines as the radical source in aqueous ammonia solution. Evidence supporting coordination of the alkyl hydrazine to pentaamminecobalt(III) complex by radical trapping was in good agreement with literature. The products were characterized using GC-MS and 1H, 14N and 59Co NMR spectroscopy.展开更多
This article addresses the everyday technologies of ＇extraction and redistribution＇ that young women and men use in order to adapt to a situation of increasing unemployment in Maputo, Mozambique and other African ci...This article addresses the everyday technologies of ＇extraction and redistribution＇ that young women and men use in order to adapt to a situation of increasing unemployment in Maputo, Mozambique and other African cities. In this neoliberal economy informal and illicit trade with sex, stolen goods and counterfeit products are on the rise and the article shows how technologies of survival are highly gendered and reconfigure masculinities and femininities. In this article I argue that technologies of survival in urban Africa are based on logics of extraction-of money, goods and other valuables from the well off- as an alternative to wage labor, salaries and more respected sources of income and redistribution of incomes to kin and social networks. Technologies of extraction are highly gendered and a division of ＂informal labor＂ exists in this shadow economy where many young women enter into transactional sex with sugar-daddies, called sponsors or patrons, who provide for them in exchange for sex while male peers often become street vendors, street artists or petty criminals engaged in the so-called ＇black＇ markets of theft, sale of counterfeits, and circulation of stolen goods, alcohol and drugs. As I show, these gendered markets are highly entangled and interdependent, and as I argue, male and female markets use many of the same technologies, sources and circuits of exchange.展开更多
Montmorillonite was considered as a good heterogeneous catalyst for the isomerization of 1,2-limonene oxide into car-venone under solvent-free condition. Both conventional heating and green activations were tested in ...Montmorillonite was considered as a good heterogeneous catalyst for the isomerization of 1,2-limonene oxide into car-venone under solvent-free condition. Both conventional heating and green activations were tested in this research. The microwave-assisted isomerization afforded carvenone in high yield within only 6 minutes.展开更多
A series of 8-substituted alkyl xanthines were evaluated in vitro to test the cytotoxocity in cells. For this experiment, we utilized different mammalian cancer cell lines primarily representing prostrate and lung. On...A series of 8-substituted alkyl xanthines were evaluated in vitro to test the cytotoxocity in cells. For this experiment, we utilized different mammalian cancer cell lines primarily representing prostrate and lung. One of the compounds synthesized, viz. 8-tertbutyl caffeine showed potent anticancer activity at low concentrations against DU145 when compared to adriamycin. Further experiments were carried out to check the cell cycle arrest in the DU145 cells treated with adriamycin, caffeine and 8-tert butyl caffeine. We observed that there was an arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle at 24 hours while at 48 hours of incubation, the cells were constantly distributed (59.71% -70.79%). We conclude that the effect of 8-tertbutyl caffeine is relatively comparable to caffeine whereas in adriamycin treated cells, we observed the cells underwent G2 arrest. We evaluate the studies on these effects by showing potent analogues which could be used as promising anticancer agents.展开更多
A class of n-dimensional ODEs with up to n feedbacks from the n’th variable is analysed. The feedbacks are represented by non-specific, bounded, non-negative C<sup>1</sup> functions. The main result is th...A class of n-dimensional ODEs with up to n feedbacks from the n’th variable is analysed. The feedbacks are represented by non-specific, bounded, non-negative C<sup>1</sup> functions. The main result is the formulation and proof of an easily applicable criterion for existence of a globally stable fixed point of the system. The proof relies on the contraction mapping theorem. Applications of this type of systems are numerous in biology, e.g., models of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and testosterone secretion. Some results important for modelling are: 1) Existence of an attractive trapping region. This is a bounded set with non-negative elements where solutions cannot escape. All solutions are shown to converge to a “minimal” trapping region. 2) At least one fixed point exists. 3) Sufficient criteria for a unique fixed point are formulated. One case where this is fulfilled is when the feedbacks are negative.展开更多
Background:Families with an infant in need of intensive care most often experience a harmful separation after birth.This is due to a division of medical specialties into neonatal care and maternal care.Therefore,a cou...Background:Families with an infant in need of intensive care most often experience a harmful separation after birth.This is due to a division of medical specialties into neonatal care and maternal care.Therefore,a couplet care intervention is implemented for mother-infant dyads in a neonatal intensive care unit.This study protocol provides a comprehensive evaluation of the intervention.The aim is to evaluate the effect and implementation of a complex couplet care intervention to promote zero separation between mother and infant.Methods:The couplet care intervention is a family-centered model of care,where treatment-requiring mother-infant dyads will be admitted together and receive couplet care by neonatal nurses.The study adheres to the framework of the Medical Research Council and will use a mixed methods embedded design comprising a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative process evaluation.Finally,a health economic evaluation will be conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of this complex couplet care intervention.Discussion:Separation of mother-infant dyads after birth has an adverse impact on family health and well-being.This study protocol evaluates a complex couplet care intervention.With this study,a first step is taken to help bridge the gap between current practices and a new care model to prevent the separation of mothers and their infants.展开更多
The present study critically explores and discusses the concept of value co-creation asrevealed and recognized in the research streams that have formed the conceptual basis forthe construct:service-dominant logic,serv...The present study critically explores and discusses the concept of value co-creation asrevealed and recognized in the research streams that have formed the conceptual basis forthe construct:service-dominant logic,service logic,and customer-dominant logic.Thestudy is positioned within critical hermeneutics;thus,a hermeneutic review strategy isapplied and the subsequent critical discussion is inspired by a Habermasian understandingof society as composed of a system and lifeworld.The findings of the study are twofold;they reveal how different underlying assumptions frame the perception of the unit ofanalysis when focusing on value co-creation and how that the relocation of the locus ofvalue creation from the company to the customer sphere hides that value is an economicconcept in service marketing research.Moreover,the analysis reveals that in servicesmarket research,the concept of value co-creation in a company is applied to analyze thecustomer domain.This dimension has not received much academic attention despite thatthe existing concept might be applicable neither analytically nor empirically.Extantliterature on value co-creation acknowledges that the meaning of the concept is stillobscure.The present study therefore contributes to literature with a refined conceptualunderstanding of how the underlying perceptions of the concept lead to differentanalytical foci in existing research and by identifying questions for further research.Moreover,the review and the discussion are based within a hermeneutic paradigm andcontribute as such with a rarely applied review methodology within the field of service marketing.展开更多
The present study discusses how the emergence of semiology has outlined a new trajectory for visual and pictorial studies.First,we outline how Ferdinand de Saussure’s thoughts on the sign and its relation to visual c...The present study discusses how the emergence of semiology has outlined a new trajectory for visual and pictorial studies.First,we outline how Ferdinand de Saussure’s thoughts on the sign and its relation to visual communication has developed.Second,we interrogate its impact on art history,an already established science of visuality,throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.Third,we briefly discuss whether art history’s answer to reading Saussure is a denial or a positive affirmation of political responsibility shared by visual studies in general.The study highlights some of the most pertinent parts of the Saussurean legacy for the study of visual communication as a system,and some of the challenges and opportunities this legacy has created.展开更多
Deoxyribonucleoside kinases （dNKs） phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides to their corresponding monophosphate compounds, dNks also phosphorylate deoxyribonucleoside analogues that are used in the treatment of cancer or...Deoxyribonucleoside kinases （dNKs） phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides to their corresponding monophosphate compounds, dNks also phosphorylate deoxyribonucleoside analogues that are used in the treatment of cancer or viral infections. The study of the mammalian dNKs has therefore always been of great medical interest. However, during the last 20 years, research on dNKs has gone into non- mammalian organisms. In this review, we focus on non-viral dNKs, in particular their diversity and their practical applications. The diversity of this enzyme family in different organisms has proven to be valuable in studying the evolution of enzymes. Some of these newly discovered enzymes have been useful in numerous practical applications in medicine and biotechnology, and have contributed to our understanding of the structural basis of nucleoside and nucleoside analogue activation.展开更多
This paper deals with the professionalization of human service work. It analyses learning processes and identity development in the emerging profession of child care with concrete examples from empirical research, bas...This paper deals with the professionalization of human service work. It analyses learning processes and identity development in the emerging profession of child care with concrete examples from empirical research, based on a life history approach. It discusses examples of careers mainly based on students’ life experience, pointing out that their immediate success in the workplace may inhibit an even better qualification they had been spurred to critical reflection. It further follows a sample of students through their theoretical education and trainee periods, illuminating their changing identification with and understanding of their future work, and their learning of professional knowledge and competences. The conclusion is that the new 3.5 year education in child care pedagogy clearly improves the professional competences of child care, but it also identifies a set of further specific challenges to be met for the development of real professional competences.展开更多
In this article,we set out to reconcile a general conceptualization of disaster temporalities by drawing on the epitome example of a creeping disaster,namely famine.Our argument is driven by the recognition that slowl...In this article,we set out to reconcile a general conceptualization of disaster temporalities by drawing on the epitome example of a creeping disaster,namely famine.Our argument is driven by the recognition that slowly manifesting disaster impacts pose distinct challenges for decision makers and researchers while there is a tendency for the disaster literature to overlook the role of disaster onset dynamics.More specifically and as a starting point,we identify four key themes that merit particular attention when dealing with creeping disasters:(1)our understanding of disaster as a phenomenon;(2)measurement and operationalization;(3)early warning and response;and(4)disaster management and termination.By integrating conceptual discussions of disaster with famine scholarship—a phenomenon often excluded from mainstream disaster research—this article provides fresh perspectives on disaster science as well as a number of implications for how we think about disaster risk reduction.展开更多
In modern society,there is one particular relationship between work and learning which clearly stands out.“Learning in the workplace”is a specialized field of study which is new within educational science.Whether we...In modern society,there is one particular relationship between work and learning which clearly stands out.“Learning in the workplace”is a specialized field of study which is new within educational science.Whether we look at the field of human resource development(HRD)emerged in 1970s in the United States,or examine the 1990s European and Commonwealth version,“Research on Work and Learning,”the pivotal attention has been on learning activities in the workplace.Learning may improve the employee’s work competences,promote their individual development,and result in the organization’s competitive advantage within the globalized knowledge economy.In this way workplace learning has also become the central stage for analyses of and discussions about the role of lifelong learning in societal development on the whole.展开更多
基金Supported by Fonden til Lgevidenskabens Fremme (the AP MΦller Foundation)the Family Erichsen Memorial Foundationthe Foundation of Aase and Ejnar Danielsen
文摘AIM:To use microarray-based miRNA profiling of colonic mucosal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and controls in order to identify new potential miRNA biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS:Colonic mucosal pinch biopsies from the descending part were obtained endoscopically from patients with active UC or CD, quiescent UC or CD, as well as healthy controls. Total RNA was isolated and miRNA expression assessed using the miRNA microarray Geniom Biochip miRNA Homo sapiens (Febit GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Data analysis was carried out by principal component analysis and projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis using the SIMCA-P+12 software package (Umetrics, Umea, Sweden). The microarray data were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed on colonic tissue samples from active UC patients (n = 20), patients with quiescent UC (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 20). The qPCR results were analyzed with Mann-WhitneyU test.In silico prediction analysis were performed to identify potential miRNA target genes and the predicted miRNA targets were then compared with all UC associated susceptibility genes reported in the literature. RESULTS:The colonic mucosal miRNA transcriptome differs significantly between UC and controls, UC and CD, as well as between UC patients with mucosal inflammation and those without. However, no clear differences in the transcriptome of patients with CD and controls were found. The miRNAs with the strongest differential power were identified (miR-20b, miR-99a, miR-203, miR-26b, and miR-98) and found to be upregulated more than a 10-fold in active UC as compared to quiescent UC, CD, and controls. Two miRNAs, miR-125b-1* and let-7e*, were up-regulated more than 5-fold in quiescent UC compared to active UC, CD, and controls. Four of the seven miRNAs (miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let-7e*) were validated by qPCR and found to be specifically upregulated in patients with UC. Usingin silico analysis we found several predicted pro-inflammatory target genes involved in various pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytokine signaling, which are both key signaling pathways in UC.CONCLUSION:The present study provides the first evidence that miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let7e* are deregulated in patients with UC. The level of these miRNAs may serve as new potential biomarkers for this chronic disease.
文摘New methods in landscape ecology to study the link between landscape heterogeneity and landscape functionality are needed. Heterogeneity is a basic characteristic of landscape, and landscape function is the capacity to change the structural heterogeneity of a landscape system. In most developed countries the industrialisation of agriculture has in general resulted in a change of agricultural landscapes from a small-grained heterogeneous pattern towards more monotonous and monofunctional landscapes. During the 1990's this trends seems to have changed due to a diversification of rural land use and new trends in urbanisation. Weather these phases of landscape development should be expected in developing countries is a totally open question. Dealing with the study of multifunctionality of landscapes it is proposed to distinguish between ecological functionality of landscape ecosystems, functionality pertaining to land use and social functionality. Further, the relation between function, space and scale is important by the determination of spatial and time segregation as well as spatial and time integration of multifunctionality in landscapes.
文摘Impact cratering is one of the fundamental processes in the formation of the Earth and our planetary system, as reflected, for example in the surfaces of Mars and the Moon. The Earth has been covered by a comparable number of impact scars, but due to active geological processes, weathering, sea floor spreading etc, the number of preserved and recognized impact craters on the Earth are limited. The study of impact structures is consequently of great importance in our understanding of the formation of the Earth and the planets, and one way we directly, on the Earth, can study planetary geology. The Nordic-Baltic area have about thirty confirmed impact structures which makes it one of the most densely crater-populated terrains on Earth. The high density of identified craters is due to the level of research activity, coupled with a deterministic view of what we look for. In spite of these results, many Nordic structures are poorly understood due to the lack of 3D-geophysical interpretations, isotopeor other dating efforts and better knowledge of the amount of erosion and subsequent tectonic modifications. The Nordic and Baltic impact community is closely collaborating in several impact-related projects and the many researchers （about forty） and PhD students （some seventeen） promise that this level will continue for many more years. The main topics of research include geological, geophysical and geochemical studies in combination with modeling and impact experiments. Moreover, the Nordic and Baltic crust contains some hundred suspect structures which call for detailed analysis to define their origin. New advanced methods of analyzing geophysical information in combination with detailed geochemical analyses and numerical modeling will be the future basic occupation of the impact scientists of the region. The unique Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary （K-T） occurrences in Denmark form an important source of information in explaining one of the major mass extinctions on Earth.
文摘AIM To investigate if the down-regulation of N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 2(NDRG2) expression in colorectal carcinoma(CRC) is due to loss of the NDRG2 allele(s).METHODS The following were investigated in the human colorectal cancer cell lines DLD-1, Lo Vo and SW-480: NDRG2 mRNA expression levels using quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR); interaction of the MYC gene-regulatory protein with the NDRG2 promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation; and NDRG2 promoter methylation using bisulfite sequencing.Furthermore, we performed qPCR to analyse the copy numbers of NDRG2 and MYC genes in the above three cell lines, 8 normal colorectal tissue samples and 40 CRC tissue samples.RESULTS As expected, NDRG2 mRNA levels were low in the three colorectal cancer cell lines, compared to normal colon.Endogenous MYC protein interacted with the NDRG2 core promoter in all three cell lines.In addition, the NDRG2 promoter was heavily methylated in these cell lines, suggesting an epigenetic regulatory mechanism.Unaltered gene copy numbers of NDRG2 were observed in the three cell lines.In the colorectal tissues, one normal and three CRC samples showed partial or complete loss of one NDRG2 allele.In contrast, the MYC gene was amplified in one cell line and in more than 40% of the CRC cases.CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the reduction in NDRG2 expression observed in CRC is due to transcriptional repression by MYC and promoter methylation, and is not due to allelic loss.
文摘This article gives an overview of my book French Philosophy and Social Theory. A Perspective for Ethics and Philosophy of Management, published by Springer 2014. As an extension of my earlier work on French philosophy, this book provides an application of important concepts from contemporary French philosophy to business ethics and the ethics of organizations. Although the book covers a wide range of philosophers and philosophical movements, there is a core and deep unity of the book. This is the demonstration of how the conceptual resources of contemporary French philosophy from the early 20th Century to the present day can be applied to give us new perspectives on business ethics and the ethics of organizations.
文摘Background: Classical psychiatric opinions are relative uncertain and treatment results are not impressive when dealing with major depression. Depression is related to the endocrine system, but despite much effort a good quantitative measure for characterizing depression has not yet emerged. Methods: Based on ACTH and cortisol levels and using clustering analysis and mixture effect modeling we propose a novel and scientifically based quantitative index, denoted the O-index. The O-index combines a weighted and scaled deviation from normal values in both ACTH and cortisol. Results: Using ANOVA we compare the O-index with opinions reach by classical psychiatric diagnostic procedure (sensitivity 83%, specificity 59%, likelihood ratio positive 2.0, and likelihood ratio negative 0.29). The O-index nicely refines the etiology of depression: Combined with clinical data for 29 subjects earlier reported three categories emerge (p = 4.4 × 10-13): hypocortisolemic depressed, non-depressed, and hypercotisolemic depressed. The O-index also reveals why it has been difficult to obtain good markers earlier. It explains that healthy subjects may have an elevated (suppressed) level of cortisol or ACTH, however, the healthy system is able to deal with such elevated (suppressed) levels by compensating through suppressing (stimulating) the other component. In contrast the O-index shows that depressed subjects are incapable of making such compensation to a satisfactory degree. We illustrate how the O-index may be used for diagnostic procedure. Discussion: The methods are discussed and based on the available data material we propose that the O-index may be used to improve the diagnostic procedure and consequently the follow-up treatment.
文摘How should we define the ethics of information technology？ It is not a new field of study in the sense that it requires an entirely new ethical thinking. Rather, it is a field where we can try to use our traditional philosophical notions and apply them to this field of computer technology, information science, and knowledge society in order to define responsibility and accountability. Although relations of causalities may be blurred and complex because of the auto-poetic development of computers and information systems we may still have to face the fact that human beings are fundamentally responsible behind the responsibilities of the computers. So we can say that the concept of reliability and accountability is related to human responsibility in the field of Internet technology. Indeed, issues of hacking, viruses and intervention in computers also pose the problems of responsibility and violation of property and copyrights and here we face similar issues as when we talk about physical property rights although what happens is going on in cyberspace. Also we face fundamental problems about transparency, power and democracy of society as the result of the information revolution in knowledge. This shows how it becomes more and more difficult for governments and organizations to hide information and that information is becoming more and more public. We can also talk about the present development as a technology-driven information revolution in knowledge society. The information overload is a result of this revolution that is expressed in the Internet and that changes the relation of human beings to society where human beings need to access information technology and tools in order to be able to live and work in society.
文摘Alkyl xanthines underwent selective homolytic aromatic substitution at C-8 position with alkyl groups of pentaamminecobalt(III) complex. In this process of synthesis, we used monoalkyl hydrazines as the radical source in aqueous ammonia solution. Evidence supporting coordination of the alkyl hydrazine to pentaamminecobalt(III) complex by radical trapping was in good agreement with literature. The products were characterized using GC-MS and 1H, 14N and 59Co NMR spectroscopy.
文摘This article addresses the everyday technologies of ＇extraction and redistribution＇ that young women and men use in order to adapt to a situation of increasing unemployment in Maputo, Mozambique and other African cities. In this neoliberal economy informal and illicit trade with sex, stolen goods and counterfeit products are on the rise and the article shows how technologies of survival are highly gendered and reconfigure masculinities and femininities. In this article I argue that technologies of survival in urban Africa are based on logics of extraction-of money, goods and other valuables from the well off- as an alternative to wage labor, salaries and more respected sources of income and redistribution of incomes to kin and social networks. Technologies of extraction are highly gendered and a division of ＂informal labor＂ exists in this shadow economy where many young women enter into transactional sex with sugar-daddies, called sponsors or patrons, who provide for them in exchange for sex while male peers often become street vendors, street artists or petty criminals engaged in the so-called ＇black＇ markets of theft, sale of counterfeits, and circulation of stolen goods, alcohol and drugs. As I show, these gendered markets are highly entangled and interdependent, and as I argue, male and female markets use many of the same technologies, sources and circuits of exchange.
文摘Montmorillonite was considered as a good heterogeneous catalyst for the isomerization of 1,2-limonene oxide into car-venone under solvent-free condition. Both conventional heating and green activations were tested in this research. The microwave-assisted isomerization afforded carvenone in high yield within only 6 minutes.
文摘A series of 8-substituted alkyl xanthines were evaluated in vitro to test the cytotoxocity in cells. For this experiment, we utilized different mammalian cancer cell lines primarily representing prostrate and lung. One of the compounds synthesized, viz. 8-tertbutyl caffeine showed potent anticancer activity at low concentrations against DU145 when compared to adriamycin. Further experiments were carried out to check the cell cycle arrest in the DU145 cells treated with adriamycin, caffeine and 8-tert butyl caffeine. We observed that there was an arrest in G1 phase of cell cycle at 24 hours while at 48 hours of incubation, the cells were constantly distributed (59.71% -70.79%). We conclude that the effect of 8-tertbutyl caffeine is relatively comparable to caffeine whereas in adriamycin treated cells, we observed the cells underwent G2 arrest. We evaluate the studies on these effects by showing potent analogues which could be used as promising anticancer agents.
文摘A class of n-dimensional ODEs with up to n feedbacks from the n’th variable is analysed. The feedbacks are represented by non-specific, bounded, non-negative C<sup>1</sup> functions. The main result is the formulation and proof of an easily applicable criterion for existence of a globally stable fixed point of the system. The proof relies on the contraction mapping theorem. Applications of this type of systems are numerous in biology, e.g., models of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and testosterone secretion. Some results important for modelling are: 1) Existence of an attractive trapping region. This is a bounded set with non-negative elements where solutions cannot escape. All solutions are shown to converge to a “minimal” trapping region. 2) At least one fixed point exists. 3) Sufficient criteria for a unique fixed point are formulated. One case where this is fulfilled is when the feedbacks are negative.
基金ØstifterneDanish Society of Nursing Research+4 种基金Lån&Spar BankEuropean Society for Paediatric ResearchCopenhagen University Amager Hvidovre Research CommiteeAarhus UniversitetThe Novo Nordisk Foundation。
文摘Background:Families with an infant in need of intensive care most often experience a harmful separation after birth.This is due to a division of medical specialties into neonatal care and maternal care.Therefore,a couplet care intervention is implemented for mother-infant dyads in a neonatal intensive care unit.This study protocol provides a comprehensive evaluation of the intervention.The aim is to evaluate the effect and implementation of a complex couplet care intervention to promote zero separation between mother and infant.Methods:The couplet care intervention is a family-centered model of care,where treatment-requiring mother-infant dyads will be admitted together and receive couplet care by neonatal nurses.The study adheres to the framework of the Medical Research Council and will use a mixed methods embedded design comprising a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative process evaluation.Finally,a health economic evaluation will be conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of this complex couplet care intervention.Discussion:Separation of mother-infant dyads after birth has an adverse impact on family health and well-being.This study protocol evaluates a complex couplet care intervention.With this study,a first step is taken to help bridge the gap between current practices and a new care model to prevent the separation of mothers and their infants.
文摘The present study critically explores and discusses the concept of value co-creation asrevealed and recognized in the research streams that have formed the conceptual basis forthe construct:service-dominant logic,service logic,and customer-dominant logic.Thestudy is positioned within critical hermeneutics;thus,a hermeneutic review strategy isapplied and the subsequent critical discussion is inspired by a Habermasian understandingof society as composed of a system and lifeworld.The findings of the study are twofold;they reveal how different underlying assumptions frame the perception of the unit ofanalysis when focusing on value co-creation and how that the relocation of the locus ofvalue creation from the company to the customer sphere hides that value is an economicconcept in service marketing research.Moreover,the analysis reveals that in servicesmarket research,the concept of value co-creation in a company is applied to analyze thecustomer domain.This dimension has not received much academic attention despite thatthe existing concept might be applicable neither analytically nor empirically.Extantliterature on value co-creation acknowledges that the meaning of the concept is stillobscure.The present study therefore contributes to literature with a refined conceptualunderstanding of how the underlying perceptions of the concept lead to differentanalytical foci in existing research and by identifying questions for further research.Moreover,the review and the discussion are based within a hermeneutic paradigm andcontribute as such with a rarely applied review methodology within the field of service marketing.
文摘The present study discusses how the emergence of semiology has outlined a new trajectory for visual and pictorial studies.First,we outline how Ferdinand de Saussure’s thoughts on the sign and its relation to visual communication has developed.Second,we interrogate its impact on art history,an already established science of visuality,throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.Third,we briefly discuss whether art history’s answer to reading Saussure is a denial or a positive affirmation of political responsibility shared by visual studies in general.The study highlights some of the most pertinent parts of the Saussurean legacy for the study of visual communication as a system,and some of the challenges and opportunities this legacy has created.
基金financial support of theFysiografen Society and the Lindström Foundation to Louise Slot Christiansen
文摘Deoxyribonucleoside kinases （dNKs） phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides to their corresponding monophosphate compounds, dNks also phosphorylate deoxyribonucleoside analogues that are used in the treatment of cancer or viral infections. The study of the mammalian dNKs has therefore always been of great medical interest. However, during the last 20 years, research on dNKs has gone into non- mammalian organisms. In this review, we focus on non-viral dNKs, in particular their diversity and their practical applications. The diversity of this enzyme family in different organisms has proven to be valuable in studying the evolution of enzymes. Some of these newly discovered enzymes have been useful in numerous practical applications in medicine and biotechnology, and have contributed to our understanding of the structural basis of nucleoside and nucleoside analogue activation.
文摘This paper deals with the professionalization of human service work. It analyses learning processes and identity development in the emerging profession of child care with concrete examples from empirical research, based on a life history approach. It discusses examples of careers mainly based on students’ life experience, pointing out that their immediate success in the workplace may inhibit an even better qualification they had been spurred to critical reflection. It further follows a sample of students through their theoretical education and trainee periods, illuminating their changing identification with and understanding of their future work, and their learning of professional knowledge and competences. The conclusion is that the new 3.5 year education in child care pedagogy clearly improves the professional competences of child care, but it also identifies a set of further specific challenges to be met for the development of real professional competences.
基金funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.897656。
文摘In this article,we set out to reconcile a general conceptualization of disaster temporalities by drawing on the epitome example of a creeping disaster,namely famine.Our argument is driven by the recognition that slowly manifesting disaster impacts pose distinct challenges for decision makers and researchers while there is a tendency for the disaster literature to overlook the role of disaster onset dynamics.More specifically and as a starting point,we identify four key themes that merit particular attention when dealing with creeping disasters:(1)our understanding of disaster as a phenomenon;(2)measurement and operationalization;(3)early warning and response;and(4)disaster management and termination.By integrating conceptual discussions of disaster with famine scholarship—a phenomenon often excluded from mainstream disaster research—this article provides fresh perspectives on disaster science as well as a number of implications for how we think about disaster risk reduction.
文摘In modern society,there is one particular relationship between work and learning which clearly stands out.“Learning in the workplace”is a specialized field of study which is new within educational science.Whether we look at the field of human resource development(HRD)emerged in 1970s in the United States,or examine the 1990s European and Commonwealth version,“Research on Work and Learning,”the pivotal attention has been on learning activities in the workplace.Learning may improve the employee’s work competences,promote their individual development,and result in the organization’s competitive advantage within the globalized knowledge economy.In this way workplace learning has also become the central stage for analyses of and discussions about the role of lifelong learning in societal development on the whole.
