This study explored how the Swedish Fire and Rescue Service identifies problems and implements necessary actions during complex problem-solving in emergencies,aiming to increase our understanding of this process.Prima...This study explored how the Swedish Fire and Rescue Service identifies problems and implements necessary actions during complex problem-solving in emergencies,aiming to increase our understanding of this process.Primary and secondary data from large-scale fire events were analyzed,including semistructured interviews and incident reports.The concept of“possibility space”is applied to identify factors aff ecting complex problem-solving.This refers to the scope of action available at a specific point in time for a particular operation.The study identified eight factors,including problem identification,incident development,capability,collaboration,management,legal framework,logistics,and time available,that could either decrease or increase the scope of action.The findings contribute to an increased understanding of complex problem-solving in real-world environments and suggest that the possibility space could be a valuable tool for practitioners in enhancing problem-solving during emergency response.展开更多
This investigation delves into the extraction dynamics of 22 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances from PFAS contaminated firefighting materials.Two distinct test sets were executed:one contrasting a commercial product w...This investigation delves into the extraction dynamics of 22 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances from PFAS contaminated firefighting materials.Two distinct test sets were executed:one contrasting a commercial product with water following an elaborate decontamination procedure,and the other assessing seven washing agents on materials from firefighting installations,with one agent examined at 22℃and 50℃.A general tendency for improved desorption at the higher temperature was observed.Furthermore,a discernible influence of the cleaning agent's pH on the extraction of specific PFAS species was observed,elucidating the role of chemical environment in the extraction process.PFAS rebound was studied for a period of up to 157 days,this unveiled a gradual escalation in PFAS22 levels,indicative of a protracted desorption mechanism.Intriguingly,PFAS with abbreviated carbon chains(C4-C6)exhibit superior desorption efficiency compared to their elongated congeners,suggesting a chain-lengthdependent decontamination potential.A comparative scrutiny between a commercially available cleaning product,featuring multiple washing and flushing steps,and a water-only treatment regimen underscores the potential efficacy of the former.This exhaustive investigation furnishes nuanced insights into PFAS extraction complexities,offering a foundation for informed decontamination strategies.展开更多
This study illustrates an innovative way to fabricate inkjet-printed tracks by sequential printing of Zn nanoparticle ink and curing ink for low temperature in situ chemical sintering.Employing chemical curing in plac...This study illustrates an innovative way to fabricate inkjet-printed tracks by sequential printing of Zn nanoparticle ink and curing ink for low temperature in situ chemical sintering.Employing chemical curing in place of standard sintering methods leads to the advantages of using flexible substrates that may not withstand the high thermal budgets of the standard methods.A general formulation engineering method is adopted to produce highly concentrated Zn ink which is cured by inkjet printing an over-layer of aqueous acetic acid which is the curing agent.The experimental results reveal that a narrow window of acid concentration of curing ink plays a crucial role in determining the electrical properties of the printed Zn nanoparticles.Highly conductive(~10^(5)S m^(−1))and mechanically flexible printed Zn features are achieved.In addition,from systematic material characterization,we obtain an understanding of the curing mechanism.Finally,a touch sensor circuit is demonstrated involving all-Zn printed conductive tracks.展开更多
The potential of the screen printing method for large-scale production of organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),combining high production yield with low cost,is here demonstrated.Fully screen-printed OECTs of 1 m...The potential of the screen printing method for large-scale production of organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),combining high production yield with low cost,is here demonstrated.Fully screen-printed OECTs of 1 mm^(2) area,based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with poly(styrensulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),have been manufactured on flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrates.The goal of this project effort has been to explore and develop the printing processing to enable high yield and stable transistor parameters,targeting miniaturized digital OECT circuits for large-scale integration(LSI).Of the 760 OECTs manufactured in one batch on a PET sheet,only two devices were found malfunctioning,thus achieving an overall manufacturing yield of 99.7%.A drain current ON/OFF ratio at least equal to 400 was applied as the strict exclusion principle for the yield,motivated by proper operation in LSI circuits.This consistent performance of low-footprint OECTs allows for the integration of PEDOT:PSS-based OECTs into complex logic circuits operating at high stability and accuracy.展开更多
Recently,wireless communication capacity has been witnessing unprecedented growth.Benefits from the optoelectronic components with large bandwidth,photonics-assisted terahertz(THz)communication links have been extensi...Recently,wireless communication capacity has been witnessing unprecedented growth.Benefits from the optoelectronic components with large bandwidth,photonics-assisted terahertz(THz)communication links have been extensively developed to accommodate the upcoming wireless transmission with a high data rate.However,limited by the available signalto-noise ratio and THz component bandwidth,single-lane transmission of beyond 100 Gbit/s data rate using a single pair of THz transceivers is still very challenging.In this study,a multicarrier THz photonic wireless communication link in the 300 GHz band is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.Enabled by subcarrier multiplexing,spectrally efficient modulation format,well-tailored digital signal processing routine,and broadband THz transceivers,a line rate of 72 Gbit/s over a wireless distance of 30 m is successfully demonstrated,resulting in a total net transmission capacity of up to 202.5 Gbit/s.The single-lane transmission of beyond 200 Gbit/s overall data rate with a single pair of transceivers at 300 GHz is considered a significant step toward a viable photonics-assisted solution for the next-generation information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure.展开更多
Predictive health monitoring of micro gas turbines can significantly increase the availability and reduce the operating and maintenance costs.Methods for predictive health monitoring are typically developed for large-...Predictive health monitoring of micro gas turbines can significantly increase the availability and reduce the operating and maintenance costs.Methods for predictive health monitoring are typically developed for large-scale gas turbines and have often focused on single systems.In an effort to enable fleet-level health monitoring of micro gas turbines,this work presents a novel data-driven approach for predicting system degradation over time.The approach utilises operational data from real installations and is not dependent on data from a reference system.The problem was solved in two steps by:1)estimating the degradation from time-dependent variables and 2)forecasting into the future using only running hours.Linear regression technique is employed both for the estimation and forecasting of degradation.The method was evaluated on five different systems and it is shown that the result is consistent(r>0.8)with an existing method that computes corrected values based on data from a reference system,and the forecasting had a similar performance as the estimation model using only running hours as an input.展开更多
The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.T...The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.This study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE calculations.The main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their geometries.The DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power production.The first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale installation.In the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave parks.The wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time domain.The amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting method.Several factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and discussed.The study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and more efficient power production.At the same time,the accumulated fatigue damage in the moorings is lower compared to WaveEL 3.0 if the distance between the WECs in the wave park is not too short.Its motions in the hor-izontal plane are larger,which may require a larger distance between the WEC units in a wave park to avoid losing efficiency due to hydrodynamic interaction effects.展开更多
The increasing demands to further electrify and digitalize our society set demands for a green electrical energy storage technology that can be scaled between very small,and heavily distributed electrical energy sourc...The increasing demands to further electrify and digitalize our society set demands for a green electrical energy storage technology that can be scaled between very small,and heavily distributed electrical energy sources,to very large volumes.Such technology must be compatible with fast-throughput,large-volume and low-cost fabrication processes,such as using printing and coating techniques.Here,we demonstrate a sequential production protocol to fabricate supercapacitors including electrodes based on cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS.Thin and lightweight paper electrodes,carbon adhesion layers and the gel electrolyte are fabricated using spray coating,screen printing,and bar coating,respectively.These all solid-state supercapacitors are flexible,mechanically robust and exhibit a low equivalent series resistance(0.22Ω),thus resulting in a high power density(∼104 W/kg)energy technology.The supercapacitors are combined and connected to a power management circuit to demonstrate a smart packaging application.This work shows that operational and embedded supercapacitors can be manufactured in a manner to allow for the integration with,for instance smart packaging solutions,thus enabling powered,active internet-of-things(IoT)devices in a highly distributed application.展开更多
Formic acid is one of the main weak acids in lignocellulosic hydrolysates that is known to be inhibitory to yeast growth even at low concentrations.In this study,we employed a CRISPR interference(CRISPRi)strain librar...Formic acid is one of the main weak acids in lignocellulosic hydrolysates that is known to be inhibitory to yeast growth even at low concentrations.In this study,we employed a CRISPR interference(CRISPRi)strain library comprising>9000 strains encompassing>98%of all essential and respiratory growth-essential genes,to study formic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.To provide quantitative growth estimates on formic acid toler-ance,the strains were screened individually on solid medium supplemented with 140 mM formic acid using the Scan-o-Matic platform.Selected resistant and sensitive strains were characterized in liquid medium supplemented with formic acid and in synthetic hydrolysate medium containing a combination of inhibitors.Strains with gR-NAs targeting genes associated with chromatin remodeling were significantly enriched for strains showing formic acid tolerance.In line with earlier findings on acetic acid tolerance,we found genes encoding proteins involved in intracellular vesicle transport enriched among formic acid sensitive strains.The growth of the strains in syn-thetic hydrolysate medium followed the same trend as when screened in medium supplemented with formic acid.Strains sensitive to formic acid had decreased growth in the synthetic hydrolysate and all strains that had im-proved growth in the presence of formic acid also grew better in the hydrolysate medium.Systematic analysis of CRISPRi strains allowed identification of genes involved in tolerance mechanisms and provided novel engineering targets for bioengineering strains with increased resistance to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.展开更多
Heat sensors form an important class of devices that are used across multiple fields and sectors.For applications such as electronic skin and health monitoring,it is particularly advantageous if the output electronic ...Heat sensors form an important class of devices that are used across multiple fields and sectors.For applications such as electronic skin and health monitoring,it is particularly advantageous if the output electronic signals are not only high,stable,and reproducible,but also self-generated to minimize power consumption.Here,we present an ultrasensitive heat sensing concept that fulfills these criteria while also being compatible with scalable low-cost manufacturing on flexible substrates.The concept resembles a traditional thermocouple,but with separated electrodes bridged by a gel-like electrolyte and with orders of magnitudes higher signals(around 11 mV K^(−1)).The sensor pixels provide stable and reproducible signals upon heating,which,for example,could be used for heat mapping.Further modification to plasmonic nanohole metasurface electrodes made the sensors capable of also detecting light-induced heating.Finally,we present devices on flexible substrates and show that they can be used to detect human touch.展开更多
Autonomous vehicles(AVs)are becoming a reality and may integrate with existing public transport systems to enable the new generation of autonomous public transport.It is vital to understand what are the alternatives f...Autonomous vehicles(AVs)are becoming a reality and may integrate with existing public transport systems to enable the new generation of autonomous public transport.It is vital to understand what are the alternatives for AV integration from different angles such as costs,emissions,and transport performance.With the aim to support AV integration in public transport,this paper takes a typical European city as a case study for analyzing the impacts of different AV integration alternatives.A transport planning model considering AVs is developed and implemented,with a methodology to estimate the costs of the transport network.Traffic simulations are conducted to derive key variables related to AVs.An optimization process is introduced for identifying the optimal network configuration based on a given AV integration strategy,followed by the design of different AV integration scenarios,simulation,and analyses.With the proposed method,a case study is done for the city of Uppsala with presentation of detailed cost results together with key traffic statistics such as mode share.The results show that integrating AVs into public transport does not necessarily improve the overall cost efficiency.Based on the results and considering the long transition period to fully autonomous vehicles,it is recommended that public transport should consider a gradual introduction of AVs with more detailed analysis on different combination and integration alternatives of bus services and AVs.展开更多
Threat modeling is of increasing importance to IT security,and it is a complex and resource demanding task.The aim of automating threat modeling is to simplify model creation by using data that are already available.H...Threat modeling is of increasing importance to IT security,and it is a complex and resource demanding task.The aim of automating threat modeling is to simplify model creation by using data that are already available.However,the collected data often lack context;this can make the automated models less precise in terms of domain knowledge than those created by an expert human modeler.The lack of domain knowledge in modeling automation can be addressed with ontologies.In this paper,we introduce an ontology framework to improve automatic threat modeling.The framework is developed with conceptual modeling and validated using three different datasets:a small scale utility lab,water utility control network,and university IT environment.The framework produced successful results such as standardizing input sources,removing duplicate name entries,and grouping application software more logically.展开更多
Threat modeling is of increasing importance to IT security,and it is a complex and resource demanding task.The aim of automating threat modeling is to simplify model creation by using data that are already available.H...Threat modeling is of increasing importance to IT security,and it is a complex and resource demanding task.The aim of automating threat modeling is to simplify model creation by using data that are already available.However,the collected data often lack context;this can make the automated models less precise in terms of domain knowledge than those created by an expert human modeler.The lack of domain knowledge in modeling automation can be addressed with ontologies.In this paper,we introduce an ontology framework to improve automatic threat modeling.The framework is developed with conceptual modeling and validated using three different datasets:a small scale utility lab,water utility control network,and university IT environment.The framework produced successful results such as standardizing input sources,removing duplicate name entries,and grouping application software more logically.展开更多
Materials that provide dynamically tunable infrared(IR)response are important for many applications,including active camouflage and thermal management.However,current IR-tunable systems often exhibit limitations in me...Materials that provide dynamically tunable infrared(IR)response are important for many applications,including active camouflage and thermal management.However,current IR-tunable systems often exhibit limitations in mechanical properties or practicality of their tuning modalities,or require complex and costly fabrication methods.An additional challenge relates to providing compatibility between different spectral channels,such as allowing an object to be reversibly concealed in the IR without making it appear in the visible range.Here,we demonstrate that conducting polymer-cellulose papers,fabricated through a simple and cheap approach,can overcome such challenges.The papers exhibit IR properties that can be electrochemically tuned with large modulation(absolute emissivity modulation of 0.4)while maintaining largely constant response in the visible range.Owing to high ionic and electrical conductivity,the tuning of the top surface can be performed electrochemically from the other side of the paper even at tens of micrometer thicknesses,removing the need for overlaying electrode and electrolyte in the optical beam path.These features enabled a series of electrically tunable IR devices,where we focus on demonstrating dynamic radiative coolers,thermal camouflage,anti-counterfeiting tags,and grayscale IR displays.The conducting polymer-cellulose papers are sustainable,cheap,flexible and mechanically robust,providing a versatile materials platformfor active and adaptive IR optoelectronic devices.展开更多
基金supported by Nord Forsk within the project Nordic Fire and Rescue Services in the Twenty First Century,No.97830funded by Brandforsk(Swedish Fire Research Foundation)the MSB(Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency)。
文摘This study explored how the Swedish Fire and Rescue Service identifies problems and implements necessary actions during complex problem-solving in emergencies,aiming to increase our understanding of this process.Primary and secondary data from large-scale fire events were analyzed,including semistructured interviews and incident reports.The concept of“possibility space”is applied to identify factors aff ecting complex problem-solving.This refers to the scope of action available at a specific point in time for a particular operation.The study identified eight factors,including problem identification,incident development,capability,collaboration,management,legal framework,logistics,and time available,that could either decrease or increase the scope of action.The findings contribute to an increased understanding of complex problem-solving in real-world environments and suggest that the possibility space could be a valuable tool for practitioners in enhancing problem-solving during emergency response.
文摘This investigation delves into the extraction dynamics of 22 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances from PFAS contaminated firefighting materials.Two distinct test sets were executed:one contrasting a commercial product with water following an elaborate decontamination procedure,and the other assessing seven washing agents on materials from firefighting installations,with one agent examined at 22℃and 50℃.A general tendency for improved desorption at the higher temperature was observed.Furthermore,a discernible influence of the cleaning agent's pH on the extraction of specific PFAS species was observed,elucidating the role of chemical environment in the extraction process.PFAS rebound was studied for a period of up to 157 days,this unveiled a gradual escalation in PFAS22 levels,indicative of a protracted desorption mechanism.Intriguingly,PFAS with abbreviated carbon chains(C4-C6)exhibit superior desorption efficiency compared to their elongated congeners,suggesting a chain-lengthdependent decontamination potential.A comparative scrutiny between a commercially available cleaning product,featuring multiple washing and flushing steps,and a water-only treatment regimen underscores the potential efficacy of the former.This exhaustive investigation furnishes nuanced insights into PFAS extraction complexities,offering a foundation for informed decontamination strategies.
基金funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 814485。
文摘This study illustrates an innovative way to fabricate inkjet-printed tracks by sequential printing of Zn nanoparticle ink and curing ink for low temperature in situ chemical sintering.Employing chemical curing in place of standard sintering methods leads to the advantages of using flexible substrates that may not withstand the high thermal budgets of the standard methods.A general formulation engineering method is adopted to produce highly concentrated Zn ink which is cured by inkjet printing an over-layer of aqueous acetic acid which is the curing agent.The experimental results reveal that a narrow window of acid concentration of curing ink plays a crucial role in determining the electrical properties of the printed Zn nanoparticles.Highly conductive(~10^(5)S m^(−1))and mechanically flexible printed Zn features are achieved.In addition,from systematic material characterization,we obtain an understanding of the curing mechanism.Finally,a touch sensor circuit is demonstrated involving all-Zn printed conductive tracks.
基金This work was primarily supported by the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research(Silicon-Organic Hybrid Autarkic Systems,Reference number:SE13-0045).
文摘The potential of the screen printing method for large-scale production of organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),combining high production yield with low cost,is here demonstrated.Fully screen-printed OECTs of 1 mm^(2) area,based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)doped with poly(styrensulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),have been manufactured on flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrates.The goal of this project effort has been to explore and develop the printing processing to enable high yield and stable transistor parameters,targeting miniaturized digital OECT circuits for large-scale integration(LSI).Of the 760 OECTs manufactured in one batch on a PET sheet,only two devices were found malfunctioning,thus achieving an overall manufacturing yield of 99.7%.A drain current ON/OFF ratio at least equal to 400 was applied as the strict exclusion principle for the yield,motivated by proper operation in LSI circuits.This consistent performance of low-footprint OECTs allows for the integration of PEDOT:PSS-based OECTs into complex logic circuits operating at high stability and accuracy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFB1805700,2018YFB1801503,and 2021YFB2800805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101483)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ21F010015)the Zhejiang Lab(No.2020LC0AD01)。
文摘Recently,wireless communication capacity has been witnessing unprecedented growth.Benefits from the optoelectronic components with large bandwidth,photonics-assisted terahertz(THz)communication links have been extensively developed to accommodate the upcoming wireless transmission with a high data rate.However,limited by the available signalto-noise ratio and THz component bandwidth,single-lane transmission of beyond 100 Gbit/s data rate using a single pair of THz transceivers is still very challenging.In this study,a multicarrier THz photonic wireless communication link in the 300 GHz band is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.Enabled by subcarrier multiplexing,spectrally efficient modulation format,well-tailored digital signal processing routine,and broadband THz transceivers,a line rate of 72 Gbit/s over a wireless distance of 30 m is successfully demonstrated,resulting in a total net transmission capacity of up to 202.5 Gbit/s.The single-lane transmission of beyond 200 Gbit/s overall data rate with a single pair of transceivers at 300 GHz is considered a significant step toward a viable photonics-assisted solution for the next-generation information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure.
文摘Predictive health monitoring of micro gas turbines can significantly increase the availability and reduce the operating and maintenance costs.Methods for predictive health monitoring are typically developed for large-scale gas turbines and have often focused on single systems.In an effort to enable fleet-level health monitoring of micro gas turbines,this work presents a novel data-driven approach for predicting system degradation over time.The approach utilises operational data from real installations and is not dependent on data from a reference system.The problem was solved in two steps by:1)estimating the degradation from time-dependent variables and 2)forecasting into the future using only running hours.Linear regression technique is employed both for the estimation and forecasting of degradation.The method was evaluated on five different systems and it is shown that the result is consistent(r>0.8)with an existing method that computes corrected values based on data from a reference system,and the forecasting had a similar performance as the estimation model using only running hours as an input.
文摘The production of renewable energy is key to satisfying the increasing demand for energy without further increasing pollution.Harnessing ocean energy from waves has attracted attention due to its high energy density.This study compares two generations of floating heaving point absorber WEC,WaveEL 3.0 and WaveEL 4.0,regarding their power performance and mooring line fatigue characteristics,which are essen-tial in,e.g.,LCoE calculations.The main differences between the two WECs are the principal dimensions and minor differences in their geometries.The DNV software SESAM was used for simulations and anal-yses of these WECs in terms of buoy heave motion resonances for maximising energy harvesting,motion characteristics,mooring line forces,fatigue of mooring lines,and hydrodynamic power production.The first part of the study presents results from simulations of unit WEC in the frequency domain and in the time domain for regular wave and irregular sea state conditions.A verification of the two WECs’motion responses and axial mooring line forces is made against measurement data from a full-scale installation.In the second part of the study,the influence of interaction effects is investigated when the WECs are installed in wave parks.The wave park simulations used a fully-coupled non-linear method in SESAM that calculates the motions of the WECs and the mooring line forces simultaneously in the time domain.The amount of fatigue damage accumulated in the mooring lines was calculated using a relative tension-based fatigue analysis method and the rainflow counting method.Several factors that influence the power performance of the wave park and the accumulated fatigue damage of the mooring lines,for example,the WEC distance of the wave park,the sea state conditions,and the direction of incoming waves,are simulated and discussed.The study’s main conclusion is that WaveEL 4.0,which has a longer tube than WaveEL 3.0,absorbs more hydrodynamic energy due to larger heave motions and more efficient power production.At the same time,the accumulated fatigue damage in the moorings is lower compared to WaveEL 3.0 if the distance between the WECs in the wave park is not too short.Its motions in the hor-izontal plane are larger,which may require a larger distance between the WEC units in a wave park to avoid losing efficiency due to hydrodynamic interaction effects.
文摘The increasing demands to further electrify and digitalize our society set demands for a green electrical energy storage technology that can be scaled between very small,and heavily distributed electrical energy sources,to very large volumes.Such technology must be compatible with fast-throughput,large-volume and low-cost fabrication processes,such as using printing and coating techniques.Here,we demonstrate a sequential production protocol to fabricate supercapacitors including electrodes based on cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS.Thin and lightweight paper electrodes,carbon adhesion layers and the gel electrolyte are fabricated using spray coating,screen printing,and bar coating,respectively.These all solid-state supercapacitors are flexible,mechanically robust and exhibit a low equivalent series resistance(0.22Ω),thus resulting in a high power density(∼104 W/kg)energy technology.The supercapacitors are combined and connected to a power management circuit to demonstrate a smart packaging application.This work shows that operational and embedded supercapacitors can be manufactured in a manner to allow for the integration with,for instance smart packaging solutions,thus enabling powered,active internet-of-things(IoT)devices in a highly distributed application.
基金The authors would like to thank Cecilia Trivellin for providing the original R code for the analysis of the growth curves(available at https://github.com/cectri/Quantification-of-microbial-robustness.git)as well as Luca Torello Pianale for support in strain analysis.We acknowledge the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NF19OC0057685)The Swedish Research Council(Dnr 2018-04713)and the Hasselblad Foundation for financial support.
文摘Formic acid is one of the main weak acids in lignocellulosic hydrolysates that is known to be inhibitory to yeast growth even at low concentrations.In this study,we employed a CRISPR interference(CRISPRi)strain library comprising>9000 strains encompassing>98%of all essential and respiratory growth-essential genes,to study formic acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.To provide quantitative growth estimates on formic acid toler-ance,the strains were screened individually on solid medium supplemented with 140 mM formic acid using the Scan-o-Matic platform.Selected resistant and sensitive strains were characterized in liquid medium supplemented with formic acid and in synthetic hydrolysate medium containing a combination of inhibitors.Strains with gR-NAs targeting genes associated with chromatin remodeling were significantly enriched for strains showing formic acid tolerance.In line with earlier findings on acetic acid tolerance,we found genes encoding proteins involved in intracellular vesicle transport enriched among formic acid sensitive strains.The growth of the strains in syn-thetic hydrolysate medium followed the same trend as when screened in medium supplemented with formic acid.Strains sensitive to formic acid had decreased growth in the synthetic hydrolysate and all strains that had im-proved growth in the presence of formic acid also grew better in the hydrolysate medium.Systematic analysis of CRISPRi strains allowed identification of genes involved in tolerance mechanisms and provided novel engineering targets for bioengineering strains with increased resistance to inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
文摘Heat sensors form an important class of devices that are used across multiple fields and sectors.For applications such as electronic skin and health monitoring,it is particularly advantageous if the output electronic signals are not only high,stable,and reproducible,but also self-generated to minimize power consumption.Here,we present an ultrasensitive heat sensing concept that fulfills these criteria while also being compatible with scalable low-cost manufacturing on flexible substrates.The concept resembles a traditional thermocouple,but with separated electrodes bridged by a gel-like electrolyte and with orders of magnitudes higher signals(around 11 mV K^(−1)).The sensor pixels provide stable and reproducible signals upon heating,which,for example,could be used for heat mapping.Further modification to plasmonic nanohole metasurface electrodes made the sensors capable of also detecting light-induced heating.Finally,we present devices on flexible substrates and show that they can be used to detect human touch.
基金Swedish Innovation Agency Vinnova through the project ICV-Safe:Testing safety of intelligent connected vehicles in open and mixed road environment,with project number 2019-03418.
文摘Autonomous vehicles(AVs)are becoming a reality and may integrate with existing public transport systems to enable the new generation of autonomous public transport.It is vital to understand what are the alternatives for AV integration from different angles such as costs,emissions,and transport performance.With the aim to support AV integration in public transport,this paper takes a typical European city as a case study for analyzing the impacts of different AV integration alternatives.A transport planning model considering AVs is developed and implemented,with a methodology to estimate the costs of the transport network.Traffic simulations are conducted to derive key variables related to AVs.An optimization process is introduced for identifying the optimal network configuration based on a given AV integration strategy,followed by the design of different AV integration scenarios,simulation,and analyses.With the proposed method,a case study is done for the city of Uppsala with presentation of detailed cost results together with key traffic statistics such as mode share.The results show that integrating AVs into public transport does not necessarily improve the overall cost efficiency.Based on the results and considering the long transition period to fully autonomous vehicles,it is recommended that public transport should consider a gradual introduction of AVs with more detailed analysis on different combination and integration alternatives of bus services and AVs.
基金This work has received funding from the European Unions H2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No.832907Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems(Vinnova),the Swedish Energy Agency,SweGRIDS,and STandUP for Energy.
文摘Threat modeling is of increasing importance to IT security,and it is a complex and resource demanding task.The aim of automating threat modeling is to simplify model creation by using data that are already available.However,the collected data often lack context;this can make the automated models less precise in terms of domain knowledge than those created by an expert human modeler.The lack of domain knowledge in modeling automation can be addressed with ontologies.In this paper,we introduce an ontology framework to improve automatic threat modeling.The framework is developed with conceptual modeling and validated using three different datasets:a small scale utility lab,water utility control network,and university IT environment.The framework produced successful results such as standardizing input sources,removing duplicate name entries,and grouping application software more logically.
基金received funding from the European Unions H2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No.832907Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems(Vinnova)the Swedish Energy Agency,SweGRIDS,and STandUP for Energy.
文摘Threat modeling is of increasing importance to IT security,and it is a complex and resource demanding task.The aim of automating threat modeling is to simplify model creation by using data that are already available.However,the collected data often lack context;this can make the automated models less precise in terms of domain knowledge than those created by an expert human modeler.The lack of domain knowledge in modeling automation can be addressed with ontologies.In this paper,we introduce an ontology framework to improve automatic threat modeling.The framework is developed with conceptual modeling and validated using three different datasets:a small scale utility lab,water utility control network,and university IT environment.The framework produced successful results such as standardizing input sources,removing duplicate name entries,and grouping application software more logically.
基金support from the Swedish Research Council(VR,2020-00287,2022-00211,2022-06214,2019-04424)the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation,Linköping University and industry through the Wallenberg Wood Science Center+3 种基金the European Research Council(Consolidator grant,101086683)the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education(STINT),and the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University(Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU No.200900971)A.R.acknowledges support from the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions Seal of Excellent Fellowship program from the Sweden’s Innovation Agency(Vinnova grant 2021-01668)J.E.acknowledges support from the Digital Cellulose Center(Vinnova).M.P.J.and K.T.are Wallenberg Academy Fellows.
文摘Materials that provide dynamically tunable infrared(IR)response are important for many applications,including active camouflage and thermal management.However,current IR-tunable systems often exhibit limitations in mechanical properties or practicality of their tuning modalities,or require complex and costly fabrication methods.An additional challenge relates to providing compatibility between different spectral channels,such as allowing an object to be reversibly concealed in the IR without making it appear in the visible range.Here,we demonstrate that conducting polymer-cellulose papers,fabricated through a simple and cheap approach,can overcome such challenges.The papers exhibit IR properties that can be electrochemically tuned with large modulation(absolute emissivity modulation of 0.4)while maintaining largely constant response in the visible range.Owing to high ionic and electrical conductivity,the tuning of the top surface can be performed electrochemically from the other side of the paper even at tens of micrometer thicknesses,removing the need for overlaying electrode and electrolyte in the optical beam path.These features enabled a series of electrically tunable IR devices,where we focus on demonstrating dynamic radiative coolers,thermal camouflage,anti-counterfeiting tags,and grayscale IR displays.The conducting polymer-cellulose papers are sustainable,cheap,flexible and mechanically robust,providing a versatile materials platformfor active and adaptive IR optoelectronic devices.
