The(CrNbTiAlV)N_(x)high-entropy nitride films were fabricated by adjusting nitrogen flow via magnetron sputtering.The microstructure,mechanical,electrochemical and tribocorrosion performances of the films were studied...The(CrNbTiAlV)N_(x)high-entropy nitride films were fabricated by adjusting nitrogen flow via magnetron sputtering.The microstructure,mechanical,electrochemical and tribocorrosion performances of the films were studied.The results show that the films transform from amorphous to nanocrystalline structure as nitrogen flow increased.The nanocrystalline films show super hardness(>40 GPa)and adhesion strength(>50 N).The amorphous film has a pretty anti-corrosion in static corrosion,while not in tribocorrosion condition.The film deposited at nitrogen flow of 38 sccm exhibits the optimal tribocorrosion performance in artificial seawater,with the highest open circuit potential(∼−0.1 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the lowest friction coefficient(∼0.162)and wear rate(∼7.48×10^(−7)mm^(3)N^(−1)m^(−1)).展开更多
The microstructure evolution of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy and AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy during heat treatment was systematically studied,to reveal the influence rules of chemical activity of adding element on the microstructure ...The microstructure evolution of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy and AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy during heat treatment was systematically studied,to reveal the influence rules of chemical activity of adding element on the microstructure evolution of AlCoCrFeNi system.Owing to the negative mixing enthalpy with the constituent elements,Ti element was mainly dissolved in the Al-Nirich phases,and aggravated the lattice distortion of B2 phase.The structure variation of BCC phase by adding Ti inhibited the formation of FCC phase and enhanced the precipitation ofσphase during heat treatment.Owing to the positive mixing enthalpy with constituent elements,Cu element tended to be repelled to the ID region and formed metastable Cu-rich FCC1 phase which would transform into Cu-Al-Ni-rich FCC2 phase with increasing temperature.The addition of Cu inhibited the precipitation ofσphase during heat treatment.Adding Ti maintained the stable dendritic morphology,while adding Cu reduced the thermal stability of microstructure.Two dramatic morphology changes occurred at 1000℃and 1100℃in the AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy.The lattice distortion of phase in AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy was aggravated with increasing temperature up to 800℃,then relaxed together with the dissolution ofσphase when temperature was above 900℃.The variation in lattice distortion dominated the hardness of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy.With increasing heating temperature,the increasing volume fraction of region with FCC structure due to the transformation between FCC phases,and the pronounced coarsening in microstructure due to the reduced thermal stability,resulted in the mainly decreasing trend in the hardness of AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy.展开更多
Two-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups.As a typical 2D group IV–V material,SiP has been widely used in photodetectio...Two-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups.As a typical 2D group IV–V material,SiP has been widely used in photodetection and photocatalysis due to its high carrier mobility,appropriate bandgap,high thermal stability,and low interlayer cleavage energy.However,its adhesion and friction properties have not been extensively grasped.Here,large-size and high-quality SiP crystals were obtained by using the flux method.SiP nanosheets were prepared by using mechanical exfoliation.The layer-dependent and velocity-dependent nanotribological properties of SiP nanosheets were systematically investigated.The results indicate the friction force of SiP nanosheets decreases with the increase in layer number and reaches saturation after five layers.The coefficient of friction of multilayer SiP is 0.018.The mean friction force,frictional vibrations,and the friction strengthening effect can be affected by sliding velocity.Specially,the mean friction force increases with the logarithm of sliding velocity at nm/s scale,which is dominated by atomic stick-slip.The influence of frequency on frictional vibration is greater than speed due to the different influences on the change in contact quality.The friction strengthening saturation distance increases with the increase in speed for thick SiP nanosheets.These results provide an approach for manipulating the nanofriction properties of SiP and serve as a theoretical basis for the application of SiP in solid lubrication and microelectromechanical systems.展开更多
Exploring a rapid, reliable, and practical means to detect blockages and leakages in liquid pipelines and accurately locate their positions is of great importance in practical engineering applications. Here, we report...Exploring a rapid, reliable, and practical means to detect blockages and leakages in liquid pipelines and accurately locate their positions is of great importance in practical engineering applications. Here, we report a bubble motion-based triboelectric sensor(BM-TES) for detecting and locating the blockages and leaks inside a plastic tube. This simple-designed, environment-friendly,non-damaging sensor is composed of several ring-shaped Cu electrodes distributed on a polytetrafluoroethylene tube. The selfpowered movement of the bubble under the action of buoyancy makes the inner wall of the tube change from the original solidliquid phase to the gas-solid-liquid phase, which results in a short-term contact and separation between the liquid and the wall.Based on the fractional triboelectric effect of the liquid-solid contact, an obvious real-time stable voltage peak will be generated where the detection bubble passes. The obvious peaks of the open-circuit voltage with respect to time correspond with the electrode distribution. Then, the peaks can be utilized as a robust and sensitive indicator for detecting blockage and leakage, as the number of obvious peaks of the open-circuit voltage is directly related to the blockage and leakage location. The blockage and leakage in a fluid tube were successfully detected using the BM-TES with an accuracy of 10 cm. In addition, the BE-TES was able to detect the water flow velocity in the pipe. The experimental results showed that BM-TES can provide a new strategy and method for liquid tube monitoring and has great potential application value in related fields.展开更多
Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process.Furthermore,high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of...Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process.Furthermore,high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of traditional starch capsule.To solve these problems,a glycerol-modified starch capsule with perfect anti-triboelec-trification and enhanced lubrication performance was fabricated.Hydrogen bond between glycerol and starch molecules could reduce the bound water content on the capsule surface and thus realizes anti-triboelectrification.By adding glycerol,a three-tier structure composed of starch-glycerol-water is formed through hydrogen bonding on the surface of the starch film,which has been proven to be favorable for lubrication performance.When 5% glycerol is added,the short-circuit current(I_(sc))of starch-based triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is reduced by 86%,and the wear volume of the starch film is reduced by 89%.Underwater lubrication condition,the lubrication performance of the starch-glycerol film can reach the super lubricated level with a friction coefficient of about 0.005.This work provides a new route to obtain modified starch capsules with improved anti-triboelectrification property,reduced wear rate and superlubricity property.展开更多
In view of the increasing energy shortage and environmental pollution, the collection of friction charges to achieve the conversion of various natural energies and provide in-situ cathodic protection for metals is a s...In view of the increasing energy shortage and environmental pollution, the collection of friction charges to achieve the conversion of various natural energies and provide in-situ cathodic protection for metals is a significant challenge. Here, we designed a dual device-structure TENG composite array with the triboelectric layer of linear siloxane-modified polyurethane(PU) coating. This array could achieve a comprehensive collection for multiple forms of nature energy and cathodic protection of metals in multi-weather conditions. For one thing, the wave-mode TENG based on tanker structure could collect wave energy and showed the output performance with a short-circuit current of 15.5 μA. For another thing, the droplet-mode TENG based on arc-shaped surface structure could collect raindrop kinetic energy and showed the output performance with a short-circuit current of 16.3 μA. Notably, the parallel array of wave-mode TENG(W-TENG) and droplet-mode TENG(D-TENG) could simultaneously collect wave energy and raindrop kinetic energy, which showed a short-circuit current of 30.7 μA. Besides, a selfpowered a cathodic protection system powered by the dual structure TENG array is assembled and the open-circuit potential drop of the carbon steel connected with the TENG array is about 450 mV. Compared with cathodic protection system powered by single structure TENG, the composite array could provide more effective corrosion resistance for marine equipment in rainy weather. Due to the characteristic for comprehensive collection of nature energy, the anti-corrosion system supplied by TENG parallel array possesses great application potential in the all-weather corrosion protection of metal machinery under complex marine conditions.展开更多
Ultra-low friction is crucial for the anti-friction,anti-wear,and long-life operation of nanodevices.However,very few two-dimensional materials can achieve ultra-low friction,and they have some limitations in their ap...Ultra-low friction is crucial for the anti-friction,anti-wear,and long-life operation of nanodevices.However,very few two-dimensional materials can achieve ultra-low friction,and they have some limitations in their applications.Therefore,exploring novel materials with ultra-low friction properties is greatly significant.The emergence of ternary two-dimensional materials has opened new opportunities for nanoscale ultra-low friction.This study introduced nickel phosphorous trisulfide(NiPS3,referred to as NPS),a novel two-dimensional ternary material capable of achieving ultralow friction in a vacuum,into the large nanotribology family.Large-size and high-quality NPS crystals with up to 14 mm×6 mm×0.3 mm dimensions were grown using the chemical vapor transport method.The NPS nanosheets were obtained using mechanical exfoliation.The dependence of the NPS nanotribology on layer,velocity,and angle was systematically investigated using lateral force microscopy.Interestingly,the coefficient of friction(COF)of NPS with multilayers was decreased to about 0.0045 under 0.005 Pa vacuum condition(with load up to 767.8 nN),achieving the ultra-low friction state.The analysis of the frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces showed that NPS with multilayers had minimum frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces since the interlayer interactions were weak and the meniscus force was excluded under vacuum conditions.This study on the nanoscale friction of a ternary two-dimensional material lays a foundation for exploring the nanoscale friction and friction origin of other two-dimensional materials in the future.展开更多
Harvesting energy from ambient environment has been considered as a promising strategy for driving portable electronic devices in a sustainable way. A wind driven triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator has...Harvesting energy from ambient environment has been considered as a promising strategy for driving portable electronic devices in a sustainable way. A wind driven triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator has been fabricated to convert wind energy into electricity. It is composed of an electromagnetic generator(EMG) and a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG) with the output power of 35 and 0.32 mW, respectively when the wind speed is 5 m/s. Generally, TENG shows a low current output with a high voltage output characteristic, on the contrary the EMG shows a high current output and a low voltage output. This hybrid nanogenerator overcomes these problems and exhibits comprehensive and efficient performance on scavenging energy.Moreover, in view of the output performance and charging ability of the hybrid nanogenerator, it shows high stability, making it suitable for charging capacitors or batteries and driving portable electronics sustainably. A new structure of integrated TENG and EMG was designed to harvest wind energy, which shows potential applications in portable and small device power supply system, especially in the areas of remote mountains, deserts, islands, etc., as emergency power supply.展开更多
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence,the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase.However,most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufact...With the continuous development of artificial intelligence,the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase.However,most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufacturing methods,high costs,and single functions.In this paper,a sensitive motion sensor based on the triboelectric interaction between a living plant and the human body was designed to detect the real-time movements of human beings and provide danger warning.A certain relationship exists between the triboelectric signal and the distance between the plant and the human body,with effective signals being detected in the range of 1.8 m.In addition,the triboelectric signal generated by each person is unique like a fingerprint,which can be used for biometrics.On the basis of the triboelectric signal,a wireless character entry warning system is designed.This sensor can not only send out a wireless warning signal at a specific distance but also allow one to receive the warning information synchronously on a mobile phone in real time.The wireless movement sensor receives signals through a living plant,and it has the characteristics of convenient use,strong concealment,and shielding difficulty.This sensor has the potential to be widely used in person recognition,danger warning,and motion monitoring.展开更多
An organic/inorganic hybrid coating with self-healable hydrophobicity is prepared as triboelectrical layer by micro-arc oxidation(MAO)and fluorinated sol-gel(FSG)coating.The MAO/FSG hybrid coating-based TENG(MF-TENG)h...An organic/inorganic hybrid coating with self-healable hydrophobicity is prepared as triboelectrical layer by micro-arc oxidation(MAO)and fluorinated sol-gel(FSG)coating.The MAO/FSG hybrid coating-based TENG(MF-TENG)has a current output of31μA and voltage output of 870 V,which is eight times that of the MAO based TENG.Compared with organic coating,the organic/inorganic hybrid coating has good wear resistance.When the fluorine composition on the surface of the coating is damaged,the self-healing hydrophobicity and electrical output are achieved by transferring loaded perfluorosilane to the damaged surface.The fluorinated sol-gel coating is hydrophobic,which ensures that the coating has good corrosion resistance.Also,the electricity generated in triboelectrification could improve the anti-corrosion performance by cathodic protection.Based on the anti-corrosion,anti-wear and self-healing properties,the MF-TENG has potential applicability in the field of energy collection,energy supply,and corrosion protection.展开更多
Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),as new energy collection devices,have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing.Polyacrylic acid(PAA)coating,usually used on the ...Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),as new energy collection devices,have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing.Polyacrylic acid(PAA)coating,usually used on the surface of marine equipment,has the property of anti-aging and anti-wear but limits triboelectrical output when used with TENGs.In this paper,polyacrylic acid coating was modified with fluorinated polyacrylate resin(F-PAA)to increase its triboelectrical output,by 6 times,and also to increase its anti-corrosion property.In addition,the corrosion resistance property can be further enhanced by cathodic protection using the electrical output generated by the water-flow triboelectrical energy transfer process.Given their easy fabrication,water-flow energy harvesting,and corrosion resistance,PAA/F-PAA coating-based TENGs have promising applications in river and ocean energy collection and corrosion protection.展开更多
Superlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction.However,a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity;this leads to severe wea...Superlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction.However,a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity;this leads to severe wear on the surface of friction pairs and has become one of the important factors in the wear of superlubricating materials.In this study,a polyethylene glycol-tannic acid complex green liquid lubricant(PEG10000-TA)was designed to achieve macroscale superlubricity with an ultrashort running-in period of 9 s under a contact pressure of up to 410 MPa,and the wear rate was only 1.19×10^(–8)mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1).This is the shortest running-in time required to achieve superlubricity in Si_(3)N_(4)/glass(SiO_(2)).The results show that the strong hydrogen bonds between PEG and TA molecules can significantly reduce the time required for the tribochemical reaction,allowing the lubricating material to reach the state of superlubrication rapidly.Furthermore,the strong hydrogen bond can share a large load while fixing free water molecules in the contact zone to reduce shear interaction.These findings will help advance the use of liquid superlubricity technology in industrial and biomedical.展开更多
High entropy alloy(HEA)has attracted great interests as one of the promising multifunctional materials in marine applications.However,Cu as an effective biocide tends to form segregation in HEA,which could deteriorate...High entropy alloy(HEA)has attracted great interests as one of the promising multifunctional materials in marine applications.However,Cu as an effective biocide tends to form segregation in HEA,which could deteriorate corrosion and induce brittle fracture.Herein,we report a strategy to tailor the existing form of Cu in HEA from undesired large-scale segregation to uniform distribution with dispersed nanoscale precipitation,while retaining the unique structure characteristics of HEA.Eliminating Cu segregation improves toughness and avoids serious corrosion in the grain boundary.Uniform distribution with dispersed nanoscale precipitation of Cu further enhances the antifouling and lubricating abilities of Cu-doped HEA.Tailored AlCoCrFeNiCu_(0.5)HEA in this work has excellent comprehensive properties combining good mechanical properties,outstanding antifouling abilities,superior resistance to corrosion and wear.Furthermore,the corresponded mechanisms are discussed in terms of Cu-segregation-eliminated,nanoscale-Cu-precipitate-forming and comprehensive properties.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51835012 and 51975554)the National Key R&D Plan of China(No.2018YFB0703803)+1 种基金the program of“Science&Technology International Cooperation Demonstrative Base of Metal Surface Engineering along the Silk Road(No.2017D01003)”CAS“Light of West China”。
文摘The(CrNbTiAlV)N_(x)high-entropy nitride films were fabricated by adjusting nitrogen flow via magnetron sputtering.The microstructure,mechanical,electrochemical and tribocorrosion performances of the films were studied.The results show that the films transform from amorphous to nanocrystalline structure as nitrogen flow increased.The nanocrystalline films show super hardness(>40 GPa)and adhesion strength(>50 N).The amorphous film has a pretty anti-corrosion in static corrosion,while not in tribocorrosion condition.The film deposited at nitrogen flow of 38 sccm exhibits the optimal tribocorrosion performance in artificial seawater,with the highest open circuit potential(∼−0.1 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the lowest friction coefficient(∼0.162)and wear rate(∼7.48×10^(−7)mm^(3)N^(−1)m^(−1)).
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB2000100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51701227 and 51775532)。
文摘The microstructure evolution of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy and AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy during heat treatment was systematically studied,to reveal the influence rules of chemical activity of adding element on the microstructure evolution of AlCoCrFeNi system.Owing to the negative mixing enthalpy with the constituent elements,Ti element was mainly dissolved in the Al-Nirich phases,and aggravated the lattice distortion of B2 phase.The structure variation of BCC phase by adding Ti inhibited the formation of FCC phase and enhanced the precipitation ofσphase during heat treatment.Owing to the positive mixing enthalpy with constituent elements,Cu element tended to be repelled to the ID region and formed metastable Cu-rich FCC1 phase which would transform into Cu-Al-Ni-rich FCC2 phase with increasing temperature.The addition of Cu inhibited the precipitation ofσphase during heat treatment.Adding Ti maintained the stable dendritic morphology,while adding Cu reduced the thermal stability of microstructure.Two dramatic morphology changes occurred at 1000℃and 1100℃in the AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy.The lattice distortion of phase in AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy was aggravated with increasing temperature up to 800℃,then relaxed together with the dissolution ofσphase when temperature was above 900℃.The variation in lattice distortion dominated the hardness of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy.With increasing heating temperature,the increasing volume fraction of region with FCC structure due to the transformation between FCC phases,and the pronounced coarsening in microstructure due to the reduced thermal stability,resulted in the mainly decreasing trend in the hardness of AlCoCrFeNiCu alloy.
基金Thanks for the financial support of the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFF0304600)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905518)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDPB24)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(No.19-3-2-23-zhc)in China.
文摘Two-dimensional compounds combining group IV A element and group V A element were determined to integrate the advantages of the two groups.As a typical 2D group IV–V material,SiP has been widely used in photodetection and photocatalysis due to its high carrier mobility,appropriate bandgap,high thermal stability,and low interlayer cleavage energy.However,its adhesion and friction properties have not been extensively grasped.Here,large-size and high-quality SiP crystals were obtained by using the flux method.SiP nanosheets were prepared by using mechanical exfoliation.The layer-dependent and velocity-dependent nanotribological properties of SiP nanosheets were systematically investigated.The results indicate the friction force of SiP nanosheets decreases with the increase in layer number and reaches saturation after five layers.The coefficient of friction of multilayer SiP is 0.018.The mean friction force,frictional vibrations,and the friction strengthening effect can be affected by sliding velocity.Specially,the mean friction force increases with the logarithm of sliding velocity at nm/s scale,which is dominated by atomic stick-slip.The influence of frequency on frictional vibration is greater than speed due to the different influences on the change in contact quality.The friction strengthening saturation distance increases with the increase in speed for thick SiP nanosheets.These results provide an approach for manipulating the nanofriction properties of SiP and serve as a theoretical basis for the application of SiP in solid lubrication and microelectromechanical systems.
基金supported by the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190965)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFF0304600)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905518)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(Grant No.19-3-2-23-zhc)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication(Grant Nos.LSL-1903,and LSL-1909)the Open Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design&Maintenance(Grant Nos.2019KJX09,and 2019KJX07)the Research Fund for Excellent Dissertation of China Three Gorges University(Grant No.2021SSPY038)。
文摘Exploring a rapid, reliable, and practical means to detect blockages and leakages in liquid pipelines and accurately locate their positions is of great importance in practical engineering applications. Here, we report a bubble motion-based triboelectric sensor(BM-TES) for detecting and locating the blockages and leaks inside a plastic tube. This simple-designed, environment-friendly,non-damaging sensor is composed of several ring-shaped Cu electrodes distributed on a polytetrafluoroethylene tube. The selfpowered movement of the bubble under the action of buoyancy makes the inner wall of the tube change from the original solidliquid phase to the gas-solid-liquid phase, which results in a short-term contact and separation between the liquid and the wall.Based on the fractional triboelectric effect of the liquid-solid contact, an obvious real-time stable voltage peak will be generated where the detection bubble passes. The obvious peaks of the open-circuit voltage with respect to time correspond with the electrode distribution. Then, the peaks can be utilized as a robust and sensitive indicator for detecting blockage and leakage, as the number of obvious peaks of the open-circuit voltage is directly related to the blockage and leakage location. The blockage and leakage in a fluid tube were successfully detected using the BM-TES with an accuracy of 10 cm. In addition, the BE-TES was able to detect the water flow velocity in the pipe. The experimental results showed that BM-TES can provide a new strategy and method for liquid tube monitoring and has great potential application value in related fields.
基金financial support of the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFF0304600)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905518)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in China.
文摘Adsorption of drug powder is caused by triboelectrification on the surface of starch capsule during filling process.Furthermore,high wear rate and poor water lubricity also hinder the further practical applications of traditional starch capsule.To solve these problems,a glycerol-modified starch capsule with perfect anti-triboelec-trification and enhanced lubrication performance was fabricated.Hydrogen bond between glycerol and starch molecules could reduce the bound water content on the capsule surface and thus realizes anti-triboelectrification.By adding glycerol,a three-tier structure composed of starch-glycerol-water is formed through hydrogen bonding on the surface of the starch film,which has been proven to be favorable for lubrication performance.When 5% glycerol is added,the short-circuit current(I_(sc))of starch-based triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is reduced by 86%,and the wear volume of the starch film is reduced by 89%.Underwater lubrication condition,the lubrication performance of the starch-glycerol film can reach the super lubricated level with a friction coefficient of about 0.005.This work provides a new route to obtain modified starch capsules with improved anti-triboelectrification property,reduced wear rate and superlubricity property.
基金supported by the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(Grant No. ts20190965)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. U21A2046, 52205230, 52205233, 522752195)+3 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC010)the Western Light Project of CAS(Grant No. xbzgzdsys-202118)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province(Grant No. 22ZD6GA002)the Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS(Grant No. ZYFZFX-5, HZJJ21-03)。
文摘In view of the increasing energy shortage and environmental pollution, the collection of friction charges to achieve the conversion of various natural energies and provide in-situ cathodic protection for metals is a significant challenge. Here, we designed a dual device-structure TENG composite array with the triboelectric layer of linear siloxane-modified polyurethane(PU) coating. This array could achieve a comprehensive collection for multiple forms of nature energy and cathodic protection of metals in multi-weather conditions. For one thing, the wave-mode TENG based on tanker structure could collect wave energy and showed the output performance with a short-circuit current of 15.5 μA. For another thing, the droplet-mode TENG based on arc-shaped surface structure could collect raindrop kinetic energy and showed the output performance with a short-circuit current of 16.3 μA. Notably, the parallel array of wave-mode TENG(W-TENG) and droplet-mode TENG(D-TENG) could simultaneously collect wave energy and raindrop kinetic energy, which showed a short-circuit current of 30.7 μA. Besides, a selfpowered a cathodic protection system powered by the dual structure TENG array is assembled and the open-circuit potential drop of the carbon steel connected with the TENG array is about 450 mV. Compared with cathodic protection system powered by single structure TENG, the composite array could provide more effective corrosion resistance for marine equipment in rainy weather. Due to the characteristic for comprehensive collection of nature energy, the anti-corrosion system supplied by TENG parallel array possesses great application potential in the all-weather corrosion protection of metal machinery under complex marine conditions.
基金the financial support of the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB 0470103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52205230 and 52205233)+6 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC010)the Western Light Project of CAS(No.xbzg-zdsys-202118)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province(No.22ZD6GA002)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the Key Research and Development Program in Shandong Province(No.SYS202203)the Major Program of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics(LICP),CAS(No.ZYFZFX-5)the LICP Cooperation Foundation for Young Scholars(No.HZJJ23-7).
文摘Ultra-low friction is crucial for the anti-friction,anti-wear,and long-life operation of nanodevices.However,very few two-dimensional materials can achieve ultra-low friction,and they have some limitations in their applications.Therefore,exploring novel materials with ultra-low friction properties is greatly significant.The emergence of ternary two-dimensional materials has opened new opportunities for nanoscale ultra-low friction.This study introduced nickel phosphorous trisulfide(NiPS3,referred to as NPS),a novel two-dimensional ternary material capable of achieving ultralow friction in a vacuum,into the large nanotribology family.Large-size and high-quality NPS crystals with up to 14 mm×6 mm×0.3 mm dimensions were grown using the chemical vapor transport method.The NPS nanosheets were obtained using mechanical exfoliation.The dependence of the NPS nanotribology on layer,velocity,and angle was systematically investigated using lateral force microscopy.Interestingly,the coefficient of friction(COF)of NPS with multilayers was decreased to about 0.0045 under 0.005 Pa vacuum condition(with load up to 767.8 nN),achieving the ultra-low friction state.The analysis of the frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces showed that NPS with multilayers had minimum frictional dissipation energy and adhesive forces since the interlayer interactions were weak and the meniscus force was excluded under vacuum conditions.This study on the nanoscale friction of a ternary two-dimensional material lays a foundation for exploring the nanoscale friction and friction origin of other two-dimensional materials in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51722510,51905518 and 21603242)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190965)+1 种基金the Key Research Project of Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC013)the“Innovation Leading Talents”Program of Qingdao in China(Grant No.19-3-2-23-zhc)。
文摘Harvesting energy from ambient environment has been considered as a promising strategy for driving portable electronic devices in a sustainable way. A wind driven triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator has been fabricated to convert wind energy into electricity. It is composed of an electromagnetic generator(EMG) and a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG) with the output power of 35 and 0.32 mW, respectively when the wind speed is 5 m/s. Generally, TENG shows a low current output with a high voltage output characteristic, on the contrary the EMG shows a high current output and a low voltage output. This hybrid nanogenerator overcomes these problems and exhibits comprehensive and efficient performance on scavenging energy.Moreover, in view of the output performance and charging ability of the hybrid nanogenerator, it shows high stability, making it suitable for charging capacitors or batteries and driving portable electronics sustainably. A new structure of integrated TENG and EMG was designed to harvest wind energy, which shows potential applications in portable and small device power supply system, especially in the areas of remote mountains, deserts, islands, etc., as emergency power supply.
基金support from the NSFC(Nos.51905518,51722510)the Program for Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in China。
文摘With the continuous development of artificial intelligence,the demand for sensors with simple preparation and strong concealment continues to increase.However,most of the high-sensitivity sensors have complex manufacturing methods,high costs,and single functions.In this paper,a sensitive motion sensor based on the triboelectric interaction between a living plant and the human body was designed to detect the real-time movements of human beings and provide danger warning.A certain relationship exists between the triboelectric signal and the distance between the plant and the human body,with effective signals being detected in the range of 1.8 m.In addition,the triboelectric signal generated by each person is unique like a fingerprint,which can be used for biometrics.On the basis of the triboelectric signal,a wireless character entry warning system is designed.This sensor can not only send out a wireless warning signal at a specific distance but also allow one to receive the warning information synchronously on a mobile phone in real time.The wireless movement sensor receives signals through a living plant,and it has the characteristics of convenient use,strong concealment,and shielding difficulty.This sensor has the potential to be widely used in person recognition,danger warning,and motion monitoring.
基金supported by the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190965)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFF0304600)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905518)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(Grant No.19-3-2-23-zhc)in China。
文摘An organic/inorganic hybrid coating with self-healable hydrophobicity is prepared as triboelectrical layer by micro-arc oxidation(MAO)and fluorinated sol-gel(FSG)coating.The MAO/FSG hybrid coating-based TENG(MF-TENG)has a current output of31μA and voltage output of 870 V,which is eight times that of the MAO based TENG.Compared with organic coating,the organic/inorganic hybrid coating has good wear resistance.When the fluorine composition on the surface of the coating is damaged,the self-healing hydrophobicity and electrical output are achieved by transferring loaded perfluorosilane to the damaged surface.The fluorinated sol-gel coating is hydrophobic,which ensures that the coating has good corrosion resistance.Also,the electricity generated in triboelectrification could improve the anti-corrosion performance by cathodic protection.Based on the anti-corrosion,anti-wear and self-healing properties,the MF-TENG has potential applicability in the field of energy collection,energy supply,and corrosion protection.
基金the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.ts20190965)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFF0304600)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB24)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905518)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in China.
文摘Water-solid triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs),as new energy collection devices,have attracted increasing attention in ocean energy harvesting and selfpowered sensing.Polyacrylic acid(PAA)coating,usually used on the surface of marine equipment,has the property of anti-aging and anti-wear but limits triboelectrical output when used with TENGs.In this paper,polyacrylic acid coating was modified with fluorinated polyacrylate resin(F-PAA)to increase its triboelectrical output,by 6 times,and also to increase its anti-corrosion property.In addition,the corrosion resistance property can be further enhanced by cathodic protection using the electrical output generated by the water-flow triboelectrical energy transfer process.Given their easy fabrication,water-flow energy harvesting,and corrosion resistance,PAA/F-PAA coating-based TENGs have promising applications in river and ocean energy collection and corrosion protection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2046,51905518)the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(TS20190965)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFF0304600)the Innovation Leading Talents Program of Qingdao(19-3-2-23-zhc)in Chinathe Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB24)the Western Light Project of CAS(xbzg-zdsys-202118)the LICP Cooperation Foundation for Young Scholars(HZJJ21-03)for providing financial support.
文摘Superlubricating materials can greatly reduce the energy consumed and economic losses by unnecessary friction.However,a long pre-running-in period is indispensable for achieving superlubricity;this leads to severe wear on the surface of friction pairs and has become one of the important factors in the wear of superlubricating materials.In this study,a polyethylene glycol-tannic acid complex green liquid lubricant(PEG10000-TA)was designed to achieve macroscale superlubricity with an ultrashort running-in period of 9 s under a contact pressure of up to 410 MPa,and the wear rate was only 1.19×10^(–8)mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1).This is the shortest running-in time required to achieve superlubricity in Si_(3)N_(4)/glass(SiO_(2)).The results show that the strong hydrogen bonds between PEG and TA molecules can significantly reduce the time required for the tribochemical reaction,allowing the lubricating material to reach the state of superlubrication rapidly.Furthermore,the strong hydrogen bond can share a large load while fixing free water molecules in the contact zone to reduce shear interaction.These findings will help advance the use of liquid superlubricity technology in industrial and biomedical.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB2000100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51701227 and 51775532)the support of the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province and the Outstanding Talents of Qingdao Innovations。
文摘High entropy alloy(HEA)has attracted great interests as one of the promising multifunctional materials in marine applications.However,Cu as an effective biocide tends to form segregation in HEA,which could deteriorate corrosion and induce brittle fracture.Herein,we report a strategy to tailor the existing form of Cu in HEA from undesired large-scale segregation to uniform distribution with dispersed nanoscale precipitation,while retaining the unique structure characteristics of HEA.Eliminating Cu segregation improves toughness and avoids serious corrosion in the grain boundary.Uniform distribution with dispersed nanoscale precipitation of Cu further enhances the antifouling and lubricating abilities of Cu-doped HEA.Tailored AlCoCrFeNiCu_(0.5)HEA in this work has excellent comprehensive properties combining good mechanical properties,outstanding antifouling abilities,superior resistance to corrosion and wear.Furthermore,the corresponded mechanisms are discussed in terms of Cu-segregation-eliminated,nanoscale-Cu-precipitate-forming and comprehensive properties.
