Unipolar depressive disorder(UDD)affects more than 264 million people worldwide and was projected well before the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic to be the leading cause of disability-adjusted...Unipolar depressive disorder(UDD)affects more than 264 million people worldwide and was projected well before the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic to be the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost in 2030.It is imperative for leading economies to implement preventive strategies targeted towards UDD,given consistent policies are currently lacking.Recently established similarities between the aetiological hypotheses of depression and cardiometabolic diseases are shifting paradigms within this field.It is believed that dietary practices could potentially reduce the incidence of depression;similar to their effects on metabolism.Thus,the aim of this review was to compile current evidence on healthy dietary patterns as suitable contributors towards primary prevention strategies against UDD.Most of the well-known biological mechanisms behind depression have been positively associated with healthful diets and dietary patterns to varying degrees.Interestingly,a common factor of UDD is the production and overall effects of inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and Creactive protein.These compounds have been associated with depressive symptoms,disturbances in neuroendocrine function,leaky gut,monoamine activity and brain function,while also being key factors in the development of cardiometabolic diseases.The Mediterranean diet(MD)in particular,is well supported by first-level evidence regarding its preventive qualities against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and thus considered a model for healthy eating by various organizations.In one of the few clinical trials investigating these associations,the PREDIMED trial,individuals with diabetes assigned to a MD supplemented with mixed tree nuts experienced a 41%relative risk reduction for developing depression.Lastly,there is a need to include health related quality of life as an indicator of physical and mental well-being,considering its putative associations with depression and suicide risk.Going forward,focusing on clinical trials,using precise nutritional assessments,and identifying nutritional biomarkers which may be related to depression are needed to fully support the implementation of dietary recommendations in the field of psychiatry.展开更多
The liver is a key organ involved in a wide range of functions,whose damage can lead to chronic liver disease(CLD).CLD accounts for more than two million deaths worldwide,becoming a social and economic burden for most...The liver is a key organ involved in a wide range of functions,whose damage can lead to chronic liver disease(CLD).CLD accounts for more than two million deaths worldwide,becoming a social and economic burden for most countries.Among the different factors that can cause CLD,alcohol abuse,viruses,drug treatments,and unhealthy dietary patterns top the list.These conditions prompt and perpetuate an inflammatory environment and oxidative stress imbalance that favor the development of hepatic fibrogenesis.High stages of fibrosis can eventually lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Despite the advances achieved in this field,new approaches are needed for the prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of CLD.In this context,the scientific community is using machine learning(ML)algorithms to integrate and process vast amounts of data with unprecedented performance.ML techniques allow the integration of anthropometric,genetic,clinical,biochemical,dietary,lifestyle and omics data,giving new insights to tackle CLD and bringing personalized medicine a step closer.This review summarizes the investigations where ML techniques have been applied to study new approaches that could be used in inflammatoryrelated,hepatitis viruses-induced,and coronavirus disease 2019-induced liver damage and enlighten the factors involved in CLD development.展开更多
文摘Unipolar depressive disorder(UDD)affects more than 264 million people worldwide and was projected well before the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic to be the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost in 2030.It is imperative for leading economies to implement preventive strategies targeted towards UDD,given consistent policies are currently lacking.Recently established similarities between the aetiological hypotheses of depression and cardiometabolic diseases are shifting paradigms within this field.It is believed that dietary practices could potentially reduce the incidence of depression;similar to their effects on metabolism.Thus,the aim of this review was to compile current evidence on healthy dietary patterns as suitable contributors towards primary prevention strategies against UDD.Most of the well-known biological mechanisms behind depression have been positively associated with healthful diets and dietary patterns to varying degrees.Interestingly,a common factor of UDD is the production and overall effects of inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and Creactive protein.These compounds have been associated with depressive symptoms,disturbances in neuroendocrine function,leaky gut,monoamine activity and brain function,while also being key factors in the development of cardiometabolic diseases.The Mediterranean diet(MD)in particular,is well supported by first-level evidence regarding its preventive qualities against metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and thus considered a model for healthy eating by various organizations.In one of the few clinical trials investigating these associations,the PREDIMED trial,individuals with diabetes assigned to a MD supplemented with mixed tree nuts experienced a 41%relative risk reduction for developing depression.Lastly,there is a need to include health related quality of life as an indicator of physical and mental well-being,considering its putative associations with depression and suicide risk.Going forward,focusing on clinical trials,using precise nutritional assessments,and identifying nutritional biomarkers which may be related to depression are needed to fully support the implementation of dietary recommendations in the field of psychiatry.
基金Supported by the Community of Madrid and the European Union,through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)-REACT-EU resources of the Madrid Operational Program 2014-2020,in the action line of R+D+i projects in response to COVID-19,FACINGLCOVID-CM”Synergic R&D Projects in New and Emerging Scientific Areas on the Frontier of Science and Interdisciplinary Nature of The Community of Madrid,METAINFLAMATIONY2020/BIO-6600.
文摘The liver is a key organ involved in a wide range of functions,whose damage can lead to chronic liver disease(CLD).CLD accounts for more than two million deaths worldwide,becoming a social and economic burden for most countries.Among the different factors that can cause CLD,alcohol abuse,viruses,drug treatments,and unhealthy dietary patterns top the list.These conditions prompt and perpetuate an inflammatory environment and oxidative stress imbalance that favor the development of hepatic fibrogenesis.High stages of fibrosis can eventually lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Despite the advances achieved in this field,new approaches are needed for the prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of CLD.In this context,the scientific community is using machine learning(ML)algorithms to integrate and process vast amounts of data with unprecedented performance.ML techniques allow the integration of anthropometric,genetic,clinical,biochemical,dietary,lifestyle and omics data,giving new insights to tackle CLD and bringing personalized medicine a step closer.This review summarizes the investigations where ML techniques have been applied to study new approaches that could be used in inflammatoryrelated,hepatitis viruses-induced,and coronavirus disease 2019-induced liver damage and enlighten the factors involved in CLD development.
