BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To...BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)is an autoimmune dysfunction caused by genetic and environmental changes that attack the thyroid gland.HT affects approximately 2%to 5%of the population,being more prevalent in w...BACKGROUND Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)is an autoimmune dysfunction caused by genetic and environmental changes that attack the thyroid gland.HT affects approximately 2%to 5%of the population,being more prevalent in women.It is diagnosed through a blood test(anti-thyroid peroxidase).Pharmacological treatment consists of daily administration of the synthetic hormone levothyroxine on an empty stomach.The most common signs and symptoms are:Tissue resistance to triiodothyronine T3,weight gain,dry skin,hair loss,tiredness/fatigue,and constipation,and nutritional therapy appears to help reduce these symptoms.AIM To analyze nutritional interventions for treating HT.METHODS This is an integrative review of original studies on nutritional interventions for treating Hashimoto’s disease.Articles were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences(LILACS)databases via virtual health library,using controlled vocabulary and free terms.A total of 70 articles were found:67 from PubMed and 3 from LILACS.After exclusions,9 articles met the eligibility criteria,including dietary interventions for maintaining and restoring the patient’s quality of life.RESULTS The reviewed articles evaluated the nutritional treatment of HT through supplementation of deficient micronutrients,anti-inflammatory diets,gluten-free diets,exclusion of foods that cause food sensitivities,lactose-free diet,paleo diet,and calorie restriction diets.However,some results were controversial regarding the beneficial effects of HT.CONCLUSION In general,it was observed that nutritional interventions for HT are based on the recovery of micronutrient deficiencies,treatment of the intestinal microbiota,diet rich in foods with anti-inflammatory properties,lifestyle changes,and encouragement of healthy habits.展开更多
Tropical mountain peatlands in Brazil’s Southern Espinhaço Range are vital ecosystems,acting as carbon reservoirs,hydrological buffers,and biodiversity hotspots while sustaining traditional livelihoods and prese...Tropical mountain peatlands in Brazil’s Southern Espinhaço Range are vital ecosystems,acting as carbon reservoirs,hydrological buffers,and biodiversity hotspots while sustaining traditional livelihoods and preserving paleoenvironmental records.Despite their importance,peatlands outside protected areas face degradation by grazing and fires,threatening their ability to regulate ecosystem processes sensitive to temperature,such as greenhouse gas emissions,water cycling,biological activity,and organic matter decomposition.Since 2016,we have monitored peat temperatures in two contrasting peatlands–one preserved(within a protected area)and one disturbed(outside the protected area)–to understand how anthropogenic disturbances and climate variability impact these fragile ecosystems.Seasonal patterns dominated temperature variation,accounting for 60% of air and 81%–92% of peatland temperature variation.However,average temperatures and amplitudes differed between peatlands and depths.Interannual variability revealed stronger trends in the disturbed peatland,where a 1℃ increase in air temperature caused the trend to increase 0.70℃–0.87℃ on average at depths of 0.85 m–0.92 m.By contrast,the preserved peatland showed smaller increases(0.20℃–0.24℃)at comparable depths(1.06 m–1.24 m),suggesting a greater resilience.Temperature variation in the monitored peatlands was majorly driven by seasonal patterns,as revealed by time series decomposition and sinewave fit.Average temperature and amplitude varied between the two peatlands and among sampling sites,reflecting differences in environmental conditions and measurement depth.Interannual variability also exhibited distinct effects between peatlands and monitoring sites.The time series trend component showed more pronounced fluctuations at shallower depths and in the disturbed peatland.For every 1℃ increase in the trend component of the air temperature,the trend component of the peatland time series increased by 0.70℃ and 0.87℃on average at depths of 0.85 m and 0.92 m,respectively,in the disturbed peatland.In contrast,the preserved peatland exhibited smaller increases of 0.20℃ and 0.24℃ at comparable depths(1.06 m and 1.24 m).These findings highlight the potential for feedback responses between peatland disturbance and climate change,threatening their critical role in regulating carbon and water cycles.Expanding long-term monitoring,strengthening conservation efforts,and raising public awareness are essential to safeguard the ecosystem services provided by tropical mountain peatlands.展开更多
The expression of miRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases, including neoplasms. In recent years, a large number of abnormally expressed miRNAs have been shown to be effective in understanding the oncogenesis, ...The expression of miRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases, including neoplasms. In recent years, a large number of abnormally expressed miRNAs have been shown to be effective in understanding the oncogenesis, development, progression and prognosis of meningiomas. Furthermore, it is known that miRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and that they regulate essential molecular pathways such as transcription factors involved in the pluripotency phenotype of stem cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of microRNAs miR-34a, miR-145 and miR-221 that regulate the pluripotency pathway of stem cells and correlate with tumor recurrence in grade I meningiomas. We used 30 samples, belonging to 15 patients who presented recurrences of grade I meningiomas. We observed low expression levels of miR-34a in the group of tumor recurrences when compared to control individuals and primary tumors, which may be associated with the tumor suppressor role of this miR. The miR-145 also showed decreased expression levels between the control group and the group of tumor recurrences. We also observed decreased expression levels in miR-145 between the control group and the primary tumors group. MiR-221 did not differ between the studied groups. MiR-34a and miR-145 microRNAs that regulate the stem cell pluripotency pathway are shown to be hypo expressed in tumor recurrences of grade I meningiomas and are shown to be good candidates for prognosis and recurrence biomarkers in meningiomas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)patients have become older and sicker.The rate of post-LT major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)has increased,and this in turn raises 30-d post-LT mortality.Noninvasive cardiac stress...BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)patients have become older and sicker.The rate of post-LT major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)has increased,and this in turn raises 30-d post-LT mortality.Noninvasive cardiac stress testing loses accuracy when applied to pre-LT cirrhotic patients.AIM To assess the feasibility and accuracy of a machine learning model used to predict post-LT MACE in a regional cohort.METHODS This retrospective cohort study involved 575 LT patients from a Southern Brazilian academic center.We developed a predictive model for post-LT MACE(defined as a composite outcome of stroke,new-onset heart failure,severe arrhythmia,and myocardial infarction)using the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine learning model.We addressed missing data(below 20%)for relevant variables using the k-nearest neighbor imputation method,calculating the mean from the ten nearest neighbors for each case.The modeling dataset included 83 features,encompassing patient and laboratory data,cirrhosis complications,and pre-LT cardiac assessments.Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).We also employed Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)to interpret feature impacts.The dataset was split into training(75%)and testing(25%)sets.Calibration was evaluated using the Brier score.We followed Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis guidelines for reporting.Scikit-learn and SHAP in Python 3 were used for all analyses.The supplementary material includes code for model development and a user-friendly online MACE prediction calculator.RESULTS Of the 537 included patients,23(4.46%)developed in-hospital MACE,with a mean age at transplantation of 52.9 years.The majority,66.1%,were male.The XGBoost model achieved an impressive AUROC of 0.89 during the training stage.This model exhibited accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score values of 0.84,0.85,0.80,and 0.79,respectively.Calibration,as assessed by the Brier score,indicated excellent model calibration with a score of 0.07.Furthermore,SHAP values highlighted the significance of certain variables in predicting postoperative MACE,with negative noninvasive cardiac stress testing,use of nonselective beta-blockers,direct bilirubin levels,blood type O,and dynamic alterations on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy being the most influential factors at the cohort-wide level.These results highlight the predictive capability of our XGBoost model in assessing the risk of post-LT MACE,making it a valuable tool for clinical practice.CONCLUSION Our study successfully assessed the feasibility and accuracy of the XGBoost machine learning model in predicting post-LT MACE,using both cardiovascular and hepatic variables.The model demonstrated impressive performance,aligning with literature findings,and exhibited excellent calibration.Notably,our cautious approach to prevent overfitting and data leakage suggests the stability of results when applied to prospective data,reinforcing the model’s value as a reliable tool for predicting post-LT MACE in clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of individuals.Its etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentar...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of individuals.Its etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentary lifestyles.Conversely,increasing die-tary fiber(DF)intake has consistently demonstrated health benefits in numerous studies,including improvements in glycemic control and weight management.AIM To investigate the efficacy of DF interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the association between DF intake and the management of T2DM.Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 26 studies were included in this review.RESULTS The main strategies implied to increased DF intake were:High DF diet plus acarbose(2 studies);DF supplements(14 studies);and high DF diets(10 studies).Overall,most studies indicated that increased DF intake resulted in im-provements in glycemic control and weight management in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION DF represents a valuable strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,improving health outcomes.DF intake offers the potential to improve quality of life and reduce complications and mortality associated with diabetes.Likewise,through supplements or enriched foods,DF contributes significantly to the control of several markers such as HbA1c,blood glucose,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,and body weight.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft...BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft longevity.While substantial evidence for adult populations exists,research focusing on pediatric LT outcomes remains limited.AIM To investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)mismatches and DSA and evaluate their association with rejection episodes after pediatric LT.METHODS A cohort of pediatric LT recipients underwent HLA testing at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre,Brazil,between December 2013 and December 2023.Only patients who survived for>30 days after LT with at least one DSA analysis were included.DSA classes I and II and cross-matches were analyzed.The presence of de novo DSA(dnDSA)was evaluated at least 3 months after LT using the Luminex®single antigen bead method,with a positive reaction threshold set at 1000 MFI.Rejection episodes were confirmed by liver biopsy.RESULTS Overall,67 transplanted children were analyzed;61 received grafts from living donors,85%of whom were related to recipients.Pre-transplant DSA(class I or II)was detected in 28.3%of patients,and dnDSA was detected in 48.4%.The median time to DSA detection after LT was 19.7[interquartile range(IQR):4.3-35.6]months.Biopsyproven rejection occurred in 13 patients at follow-up,with C4d positivity observed in 5/13 Liver biopsies.The median time to rejection was 7.8(IQR:5.7-12.8)months.The presence of dnDSA was significantly associated with rejection(36%vs 3%,P<0.001).The rejection-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 76%vs 100%and 58%vs 95%for patients with dnDSA anti-DQ vs those without,respectively.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating DSA assessment into pre-and post-transplantation protocols for pediatric LT recipients.Future implications may include immunosuppression minimization strategies based on this analysis in pediatric LT recipients.展开更多
Inflammatory markers and mediators that affect the development of cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of recent scientific work.Thus,the purpose of this editorial is to promote a critical debate about the arti...Inflammatory markers and mediators that affect the development of cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of recent scientific work.Thus,the purpose of this editorial is to promote a critical debate about the article titled“Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine and inflammatory cytokines,markers,and mediators of coronary artery disease progression in diabetes”,published in the World Journal of Diabetes in 2024.This work directs us to reflect on the role of advanced glycation end products,which are pro-inflammatory products arising from the metabolism of fatty acids and sugars whose main marker in tissues is Nε-carboxymethyllysine(NML).Recent studies have linked high levels of pro-inflammatory agents with the development of coronary artery disease(CAD),especially tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukins,and C-reactive protein.These inflammatory agents increase the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),of which people with diabetes are known to have an increased production.The increase in ROS promotes lipid peroxidation,which causes damage to myocytes,promoting myocardial damage.Furthermore,oxidative stress induces the binding of NML to its receptor RAGE,which in turn activates the nuclear factor-kB,and consequently,inflammatory cytokines.These inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial dysfunction,with increased expression of adhesion molecules,changes in endothelial permeability and changes in the expression of nitric oxide.In this sense,the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies(inflammatory reducers such as statins and sodium-glucose transport inhibitors)has demonstrated positive results in the regression of atherogenic plaques and consequently CAD.On the other hand,many studies have demonstrated a relationship between mitochondrial dynamics,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases.This link occurs since ROS have their origin in the imbalance in glucose metabolism that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix,and this imbalance can have its origin in inadequate diet as well as some pathologies.Photobiomodulation(PBM)has recently been considered a possible therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases due to its effects on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress.In this sense,therapies such as PBM that act on pro-inflammatory mediators and mitochondrial modulation could benefit those with cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
New rainfall records were registered in the southeastern region of Brazil during February 2023.The amount of rain in the north coast region of the State of São Paulo was more than 650 mm in less than two days.Lan...New rainfall records were registered in the southeastern region of Brazil during February 2023.The amount of rain in the north coast region of the State of São Paulo was more than 650 mm in less than two days.Landslides and tragedies with a socioeconomically vulnerable population marked this climatic extreme.The country has a regulatory system that suggests the elaboration and implementation of municipal public policies aimed at territorial organization,environmental conservation,and the prevention of disasters induced by natural hazards.In addition,both federal and state funds earmarked for such hazard's prevention have been underutilized over the last decade.In addition to this current devastating climate episode,other events were registered in this decade,reinforcing that financial governance is a key challenge to face the climate crisis in Brazil.The predicted future extreme events in different regions of Brazil will require a different governance system to minimize social inequality,seek sustainable alternatives for urban environments and manage to adapt cities for the challenges posed by climate change.展开更多
Ageing has a close relationship with chronic non-communicable diseases,such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure.These pathologies are often associated with changes in eating habits and promote crucial physiol...Ageing has a close relationship with chronic non-communicable diseases,such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure.These pathologies are often associated with changes in eating habits and promote crucial physiological changes which act silently in the long term in the elderly population.Due to the speed of urban development and technological advances,there has been an increase in the population's life expectancy.However,it is essential to know the socio-demographic profile and prevalent comorbidities of the elderly population,which can provide a reliable and broad database to enable the outline of strategies and the promotion of efficient health policies.In this sense,the purpose of this editorial is to contribute to the debate surrounding the article that analysed epidemiological data from the Lugu community.Diabetes mellitus,hypertension and cardiovascular pathologies and their comorbidities were the most prevalent conditions in this community.Such data could contribute to develop public policies constructively and assertively,allowing investments in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies.展开更多
The power of artificial intelligence(AI)to create stories,music,art,and other creative projects has been demonstrated and criticized over recent decades in media,mainly because of the idea that AI will replace human j...The power of artificial intelligence(AI)to create stories,music,art,and other creative projects has been demonstrated and criticized over recent decades in media,mainly because of the idea that AI will replace human jobs.Most recently,in November 2022,reactions to Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer(ChatGPT)release for public use reverberated in news and social media headlines,while its users exceeded100 million in just a few weeks.ChatGPT is a natural language processing program created by AI non-profit OpenAI Inc.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on an article by Tang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Obesity and diabetes are two pathological situations that are intrinsically related.Neither lifestyle changes nor pha...In this editorial,we comment on an article by Tang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Obesity and diabetes are two pathological situations that are intrinsically related.Neither lifestyle changes nor pharmacological treatments have achieved diabetes remission.From this perspective,bariatric surgery has been widely used as an approach for weight loss in obese patients and as a strategy to promote metabolic modulation.The main effects of bariatric surgery involve direct action in improving cardiovascular function and endothelial function and reducing insulin resistance,leading to diabetes remission in the short term following surgery.In this context,it has been observed that hormones from the gastrointestinal tract and endothelium play a prominent role in this process.By reversing endothelial dysfunction,it is possible to balance pro-inflammatory cytokine production,improving the availability of nitric oxide and inhibiting vascular oxidative stress.Furthermore,it can be considered an efficient anti-inflammatory strategy,alleviating interferon-gamma-mediated adipose tissue inflammation.The current challenge must be to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential targets for treating metabolic diseases.展开更多
Silymarin, from the fruit of Silybum marianum, is known for its hepatoprotective action. The aim of this study was to review the mechanisms of action of the silymarin phytocomplex to expand the possibilities for its a...Silymarin, from the fruit of Silybum marianum, is known for its hepatoprotective action. The aim of this study was to review the mechanisms of action of the silymarin phytocomplex to expand the possibilities for its application in human health. The search for published articles was carried out on the CAPES Journals Portal platform, which covers worldwide scientific databases. Publications from 2010 to 2022 were included. Of the 311 articles retrieved, 21 were included. The articles discuss the diversity of silymarin’s applications and the possibility of optimizing its bioavailability using drug delivery systems. Silymarin shows promise in numerous diseases, such as liver, kidney, cardiovascular, respiratory and others. Its antiviral action has been demonstrated in studies and silymarin has the potential to be used as a complementary therapy in the treatment of many diseases, with the expectation that, in the future, it will be used in therapeutic protocols for exclusive use.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of yerba mate consumption, a South American beverage, on cardiac remodeling in rats. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (CG) which received filter...This study investigated the effects of yerba mate consumption, a South American beverage, on cardiac remodeling in rats. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (CG) which received filtered water and a standard diet, and Yerba Mate Group (YM), 6 g of Ilex paraguariensis in 100 ml water and the same diet, for 30 days. The YM group showed a reduction in final body weight and food consumption without altering weight gain. Regarding cardiac remodeling, the YM group exhibited a decrease in the right ventricle weight/final body weight ratio, suggesting cardiac atrophy, without affecting the atria and left ventricle. There was no change in cardiomyocyte area or nuclear fractal dimension in both groups. However, animals that consumed yerba mate showed increased collagen deposition and a smaller fractal dimension in the left ventricle. The consumption of yerba mate at room temperature for 30 days induced changes in cardiac remodeling, as evidenced by increased collagen deposition and alterations in fractal dimension in the left ventricle.展开更多
Spices are defined as any aromatic condiment of plant origin used to alter the flavor and aroma of foods. Besides flavor and aroma, many spices have antioxidant activity, mainly related to the presence in cloves of ph...Spices are defined as any aromatic condiment of plant origin used to alter the flavor and aroma of foods. Besides flavor and aroma, many spices have antioxidant activity, mainly related to the presence in cloves of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids and eugenol. In turn, the most common uses of gum arabic are in the form of powder for addition to soft drink syrups, cuisine and baked goods, specifically to stabilize the texture of products, increase the viscosity of liquids and promote the leavening of baked products (e.g., cakes). Both eugenol, extracted from cloves, and gum arabic, extracted from the hardened sap of two species of the Acacia tree, are dietary constituents routinely consumed virtually throughout the world. Both of them are also widely used medicinally to inhibit oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The prevention arm of the study included groups: Ia, IIa, IIIa, Iva, V, VI, VII, VIII. Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the same period and for an additional 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG, or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The treatment arm of the study included groups Ib, IIb, IIIb e IVb, IX, X, XI, XII). Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the subsequent 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The novelty of this study is the investigation of their use alone and together for the prevention and treatment of experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. Our results show that the combined use of 10% gum arabic and eugenol was effective, with antioxidant action in the colon, as well as reducing oxidative stress in all colon segments and preventing and treating genotoxicity in all colon segments. Furthermore, their joint administration reduced the number of aberrant crypts and the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the distal segment and entire colon, as well as the number of ACF with at least 5 crypts in the entire colon. Thus, our results also demonstrate the synergistic effects of 10% gum arabic together with eugenol (from cloves), with antioxidant, antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic actions (prevention and treatment) at the doses and durations studied, in the colon of rats submitted to colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine.展开更多
A semi-analytical finite element method(SAFEM),based on the two-scale asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and the finite element method(FEM),is implemented to obtain the effective properties of two-phase fiber-reinfo...A semi-analytical finite element method(SAFEM),based on the two-scale asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and the finite element method(FEM),is implemented to obtain the effective properties of two-phase fiber-reinforced composites(FRCs).The fibers are periodically distributed and unidirectionally aligned in a homogeneous matrix.This framework addresses the static linear elastic micropolar problem through partial differential equations,subject to boundary conditions and perfect interface contact conditions.The mathematical formulation of the local problems and the effective coefficients are presented by the AHM.The local problems obtained from the AHM are solved by the FEM,which is denoted as the SAFEM.The numerical results are provided,and the accuracy of the solutions is analyzed,indicating that the formulas and results obtained with the SAFEM may serve as the reference points for validating the outcomes of experimental and numerical computations.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the medical and dental fields,there is a need for studies of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone defects that cause extensive bone loss.Melatonin may be an important endogenous biologica...BACKGROUND In the medical and dental fields,there is a need for studies of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone defects that cause extensive bone loss.Melatonin may be an important endogenous biological factor for bone remodeling,and growth factors may enhance the repair process.AIM To evaluate the gene expression of cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α),markers of osteoclastogenesis(RANK,RANKL and OPG)and MMPs(MMP-1,MMP-2,MMP-8 and MMP-13)from the treatment of melatonin associated with an osteogenic membrane and rhBMP-2 on the recovery of a bone injury.METHODS Sixty-four rats were used and divided into 9 experimental groups and were formed according to the treatment carried out in the region of the bone lesion,which varied between the combination of 1,10 and 100μmol/L of melatonin.Gene Expression analysis was performed using real time-PCR by reading the concentration of total RNA and reverse transcription.RESULTS There were differences between groups when compared with clot or scaffold control,and improvement with a higher concentration of melatonin or rhBMP-2.The combination melatonin(1μg)with 5μg of rhBMP-2,using the guided bone regeneration technique,demonstrated some effects,albeit mild,on bone repair of critical bone defects.CONCLUSION This indicates that the approach for administering these substances needs to be reassessed,with the goal of ensuring their direct application to the affected area.Therefore,future research must be carried out,seeking to produce materials with these ideal characteristics.展开更多
“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the g...“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the growth of probiotic bacteria. GF4 (1-fructofuranosylnystose) was the main fructo-oligosaccharides found, in higher contents compared to other food sources. Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) represented the main part of the oligosaccharides profile of Brazilian pine seeds. In descending order of importance was maltoheptaose (G7), maltohexose (G6) and maltotriose (G3). The starches from the variety Sanct josephi presented the highest amount of resistant starch that could stimulate probiotic strains, mainly B. breve and L. plantarum, and may have a prebiotic effect, potentially promoting health benefits. This study advances the understanding of the chemical composition of the main portion of the “pinhão” enhancing awareness of its potential as a healthy food source, contributing to different uses and indirectly with the species preservation.展开更多
Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine,particularly in orthopedics,demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects.45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG)is a promising material because...Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine,particularly in orthopedics,demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects.45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG)is a promising material because of its osteoconductive and bioactive properties.As research in this field continues to advance,keeping up-to-date on the latest and most successful applications of this material is imperative.To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search on Pub-Med/MEDLINE,focusing on English articles published in the last decade.Our search used the keywords“bioglass 45S5 AND bone defect”in combination.We found 27 articles,and after applying the inclusion criteria,we selected 15 studies for detailed examination.Most of these studies compared 45S5 BG with other cement or scaffold materials.These comparisons demonstrate that the addition of various composites enhances cellular biocompatibility,as evidenced by the cells and their osteogenic potential.Moreover,the use of 45S5 BG is enhanced by its antimicrobial properties,opening avenues for additional investigations and applications of this biomaterial.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.
文摘BACKGROUND Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)is an autoimmune dysfunction caused by genetic and environmental changes that attack the thyroid gland.HT affects approximately 2%to 5%of the population,being more prevalent in women.It is diagnosed through a blood test(anti-thyroid peroxidase).Pharmacological treatment consists of daily administration of the synthetic hormone levothyroxine on an empty stomach.The most common signs and symptoms are:Tissue resistance to triiodothyronine T3,weight gain,dry skin,hair loss,tiredness/fatigue,and constipation,and nutritional therapy appears to help reduce these symptoms.AIM To analyze nutritional interventions for treating HT.METHODS This is an integrative review of original studies on nutritional interventions for treating Hashimoto’s disease.Articles were searched in the MEDLINE/PubMed and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences(LILACS)databases via virtual health library,using controlled vocabulary and free terms.A total of 70 articles were found:67 from PubMed and 3 from LILACS.After exclusions,9 articles met the eligibility criteria,including dietary interventions for maintaining and restoring the patient’s quality of life.RESULTS The reviewed articles evaluated the nutritional treatment of HT through supplementation of deficient micronutrients,anti-inflammatory diets,gluten-free diets,exclusion of foods that cause food sensitivities,lactose-free diet,paleo diet,and calorie restriction diets.However,some results were controversial regarding the beneficial effects of HT.CONCLUSION In general,it was observed that nutritional interventions for HT are based on the recovery of micronutrient deficiencies,treatment of the intestinal microbiota,diet rich in foods with anti-inflammatory properties,lifestyle changes,and encouragement of healthy habits.
基金This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001the Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa-CNPq(study and research grants and research funding-Process 303666/2018-8,408162/2018-0,441335/2020-9,302969/2021-7,and 50484/2022-4)Fundacao de ApoioaPesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais-FAPEMIG(study grants and research funding-Process CRA/APQ 0100-18,APQ-03364-21 and CAG/PPM 00568-16).
文摘Tropical mountain peatlands in Brazil’s Southern Espinhaço Range are vital ecosystems,acting as carbon reservoirs,hydrological buffers,and biodiversity hotspots while sustaining traditional livelihoods and preserving paleoenvironmental records.Despite their importance,peatlands outside protected areas face degradation by grazing and fires,threatening their ability to regulate ecosystem processes sensitive to temperature,such as greenhouse gas emissions,water cycling,biological activity,and organic matter decomposition.Since 2016,we have monitored peat temperatures in two contrasting peatlands–one preserved(within a protected area)and one disturbed(outside the protected area)–to understand how anthropogenic disturbances and climate variability impact these fragile ecosystems.Seasonal patterns dominated temperature variation,accounting for 60% of air and 81%–92% of peatland temperature variation.However,average temperatures and amplitudes differed between peatlands and depths.Interannual variability revealed stronger trends in the disturbed peatland,where a 1℃ increase in air temperature caused the trend to increase 0.70℃–0.87℃ on average at depths of 0.85 m–0.92 m.By contrast,the preserved peatland showed smaller increases(0.20℃–0.24℃)at comparable depths(1.06 m–1.24 m),suggesting a greater resilience.Temperature variation in the monitored peatlands was majorly driven by seasonal patterns,as revealed by time series decomposition and sinewave fit.Average temperature and amplitude varied between the two peatlands and among sampling sites,reflecting differences in environmental conditions and measurement depth.Interannual variability also exhibited distinct effects between peatlands and monitoring sites.The time series trend component showed more pronounced fluctuations at shallower depths and in the disturbed peatland.For every 1℃ increase in the trend component of the air temperature,the trend component of the peatland time series increased by 0.70℃ and 0.87℃on average at depths of 0.85 m and 0.92 m,respectively,in the disturbed peatland.In contrast,the preserved peatland exhibited smaller increases of 0.20℃ and 0.24℃ at comparable depths(1.06 m and 1.24 m).These findings highlight the potential for feedback responses between peatland disturbance and climate change,threatening their critical role in regulating carbon and water cycles.Expanding long-term monitoring,strengthening conservation efforts,and raising public awareness are essential to safeguard the ecosystem services provided by tropical mountain peatlands.
文摘The expression of miRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases, including neoplasms. In recent years, a large number of abnormally expressed miRNAs have been shown to be effective in understanding the oncogenesis, development, progression and prognosis of meningiomas. Furthermore, it is known that miRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and that they regulate essential molecular pathways such as transcription factors involved in the pluripotency phenotype of stem cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the expression of microRNAs miR-34a, miR-145 and miR-221 that regulate the pluripotency pathway of stem cells and correlate with tumor recurrence in grade I meningiomas. We used 30 samples, belonging to 15 patients who presented recurrences of grade I meningiomas. We observed low expression levels of miR-34a in the group of tumor recurrences when compared to control individuals and primary tumors, which may be associated with the tumor suppressor role of this miR. The miR-145 also showed decreased expression levels between the control group and the group of tumor recurrences. We also observed decreased expression levels in miR-145 between the control group and the primary tumors group. MiR-221 did not differ between the studied groups. MiR-34a and miR-145 microRNAs that regulate the stem cell pluripotency pathway are shown to be hypo expressed in tumor recurrences of grade I meningiomas and are shown to be good candidates for prognosis and recurrence biomarkers in meningiomas.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)patients have become older and sicker.The rate of post-LT major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)has increased,and this in turn raises 30-d post-LT mortality.Noninvasive cardiac stress testing loses accuracy when applied to pre-LT cirrhotic patients.AIM To assess the feasibility and accuracy of a machine learning model used to predict post-LT MACE in a regional cohort.METHODS This retrospective cohort study involved 575 LT patients from a Southern Brazilian academic center.We developed a predictive model for post-LT MACE(defined as a composite outcome of stroke,new-onset heart failure,severe arrhythmia,and myocardial infarction)using the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine learning model.We addressed missing data(below 20%)for relevant variables using the k-nearest neighbor imputation method,calculating the mean from the ten nearest neighbors for each case.The modeling dataset included 83 features,encompassing patient and laboratory data,cirrhosis complications,and pre-LT cardiac assessments.Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).We also employed Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)to interpret feature impacts.The dataset was split into training(75%)and testing(25%)sets.Calibration was evaluated using the Brier score.We followed Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis guidelines for reporting.Scikit-learn and SHAP in Python 3 were used for all analyses.The supplementary material includes code for model development and a user-friendly online MACE prediction calculator.RESULTS Of the 537 included patients,23(4.46%)developed in-hospital MACE,with a mean age at transplantation of 52.9 years.The majority,66.1%,were male.The XGBoost model achieved an impressive AUROC of 0.89 during the training stage.This model exhibited accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score values of 0.84,0.85,0.80,and 0.79,respectively.Calibration,as assessed by the Brier score,indicated excellent model calibration with a score of 0.07.Furthermore,SHAP values highlighted the significance of certain variables in predicting postoperative MACE,with negative noninvasive cardiac stress testing,use of nonselective beta-blockers,direct bilirubin levels,blood type O,and dynamic alterations on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy being the most influential factors at the cohort-wide level.These results highlight the predictive capability of our XGBoost model in assessing the risk of post-LT MACE,making it a valuable tool for clinical practice.CONCLUSION Our study successfully assessed the feasibility and accuracy of the XGBoost machine learning model in predicting post-LT MACE,using both cardiovascular and hepatic variables.The model demonstrated impressive performance,aligning with literature findings,and exhibited excellent calibration.Notably,our cautious approach to prevent overfitting and data leakage suggests the stability of results when applied to prospective data,reinforcing the model’s value as a reliable tool for predicting post-LT MACE in clinical practice.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of individuals.Its etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentary lifestyles.Conversely,increasing die-tary fiber(DF)intake has consistently demonstrated health benefits in numerous studies,including improvements in glycemic control and weight management.AIM To investigate the efficacy of DF interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the association between DF intake and the management of T2DM.Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 26 studies were included in this review.RESULTS The main strategies implied to increased DF intake were:High DF diet plus acarbose(2 studies);DF supplements(14 studies);and high DF diets(10 studies).Overall,most studies indicated that increased DF intake resulted in im-provements in glycemic control and weight management in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION DF represents a valuable strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,improving health outcomes.DF intake offers the potential to improve quality of life and reduce complications and mortality associated with diabetes.Likewise,through supplements or enriched foods,DF contributes significantly to the control of several markers such as HbA1c,blood glucose,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,and body weight.
基金approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)and the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre Complex(ISCMPA)(approval numbers 3805918 and 3938979,respectively)the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry(ReBec)under number RBR-3 gtcvjU111112367585.
文摘BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft longevity.While substantial evidence for adult populations exists,research focusing on pediatric LT outcomes remains limited.AIM To investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)mismatches and DSA and evaluate their association with rejection episodes after pediatric LT.METHODS A cohort of pediatric LT recipients underwent HLA testing at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre,Brazil,between December 2013 and December 2023.Only patients who survived for>30 days after LT with at least one DSA analysis were included.DSA classes I and II and cross-matches were analyzed.The presence of de novo DSA(dnDSA)was evaluated at least 3 months after LT using the Luminex®single antigen bead method,with a positive reaction threshold set at 1000 MFI.Rejection episodes were confirmed by liver biopsy.RESULTS Overall,67 transplanted children were analyzed;61 received grafts from living donors,85%of whom were related to recipients.Pre-transplant DSA(class I or II)was detected in 28.3%of patients,and dnDSA was detected in 48.4%.The median time to DSA detection after LT was 19.7[interquartile range(IQR):4.3-35.6]months.Biopsyproven rejection occurred in 13 patients at follow-up,with C4d positivity observed in 5/13 Liver biopsies.The median time to rejection was 7.8(IQR:5.7-12.8)months.The presence of dnDSA was significantly associated with rejection(36%vs 3%,P<0.001).The rejection-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 76%vs 100%and 58%vs 95%for patients with dnDSA anti-DQ vs those without,respectively.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating DSA assessment into pre-and post-transplantation protocols for pediatric LT recipients.Future implications may include immunosuppression minimization strategies based on this analysis in pediatric LT recipients.
文摘Inflammatory markers and mediators that affect the development of cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of recent scientific work.Thus,the purpose of this editorial is to promote a critical debate about the article titled“Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine and inflammatory cytokines,markers,and mediators of coronary artery disease progression in diabetes”,published in the World Journal of Diabetes in 2024.This work directs us to reflect on the role of advanced glycation end products,which are pro-inflammatory products arising from the metabolism of fatty acids and sugars whose main marker in tissues is Nε-carboxymethyllysine(NML).Recent studies have linked high levels of pro-inflammatory agents with the development of coronary artery disease(CAD),especially tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukins,and C-reactive protein.These inflammatory agents increase the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),of which people with diabetes are known to have an increased production.The increase in ROS promotes lipid peroxidation,which causes damage to myocytes,promoting myocardial damage.Furthermore,oxidative stress induces the binding of NML to its receptor RAGE,which in turn activates the nuclear factor-kB,and consequently,inflammatory cytokines.These inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial dysfunction,with increased expression of adhesion molecules,changes in endothelial permeability and changes in the expression of nitric oxide.In this sense,the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies(inflammatory reducers such as statins and sodium-glucose transport inhibitors)has demonstrated positive results in the regression of atherogenic plaques and consequently CAD.On the other hand,many studies have demonstrated a relationship between mitochondrial dynamics,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases.This link occurs since ROS have their origin in the imbalance in glucose metabolism that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix,and this imbalance can have its origin in inadequate diet as well as some pathologies.Photobiomodulation(PBM)has recently been considered a possible therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases due to its effects on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress.In this sense,therapies such as PBM that act on pro-inflammatory mediators and mitochondrial modulation could benefit those with cardiovascular diseases.
文摘New rainfall records were registered in the southeastern region of Brazil during February 2023.The amount of rain in the north coast region of the State of São Paulo was more than 650 mm in less than two days.Landslides and tragedies with a socioeconomically vulnerable population marked this climatic extreme.The country has a regulatory system that suggests the elaboration and implementation of municipal public policies aimed at territorial organization,environmental conservation,and the prevention of disasters induced by natural hazards.In addition,both federal and state funds earmarked for such hazard's prevention have been underutilized over the last decade.In addition to this current devastating climate episode,other events were registered in this decade,reinforcing that financial governance is a key challenge to face the climate crisis in Brazil.The predicted future extreme events in different regions of Brazil will require a different governance system to minimize social inequality,seek sustainable alternatives for urban environments and manage to adapt cities for the challenges posed by climate change.
文摘Ageing has a close relationship with chronic non-communicable diseases,such as diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure.These pathologies are often associated with changes in eating habits and promote crucial physiological changes which act silently in the long term in the elderly population.Due to the speed of urban development and technological advances,there has been an increase in the population's life expectancy.However,it is essential to know the socio-demographic profile and prevalent comorbidities of the elderly population,which can provide a reliable and broad database to enable the outline of strategies and the promotion of efficient health policies.In this sense,the purpose of this editorial is to contribute to the debate surrounding the article that analysed epidemiological data from the Lugu community.Diabetes mellitus,hypertension and cardiovascular pathologies and their comorbidities were the most prevalent conditions in this community.Such data could contribute to develop public policies constructively and assertively,allowing investments in the prevention and treatment of these pathologies.
文摘The power of artificial intelligence(AI)to create stories,music,art,and other creative projects has been demonstrated and criticized over recent decades in media,mainly because of the idea that AI will replace human jobs.Most recently,in November 2022,reactions to Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer(ChatGPT)release for public use reverberated in news and social media headlines,while its users exceeded100 million in just a few weeks.ChatGPT is a natural language processing program created by AI non-profit OpenAI Inc.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on an article by Tang et al published in the World Journal of Diabetes.Obesity and diabetes are two pathological situations that are intrinsically related.Neither lifestyle changes nor pharmacological treatments have achieved diabetes remission.From this perspective,bariatric surgery has been widely used as an approach for weight loss in obese patients and as a strategy to promote metabolic modulation.The main effects of bariatric surgery involve direct action in improving cardiovascular function and endothelial function and reducing insulin resistance,leading to diabetes remission in the short term following surgery.In this context,it has been observed that hormones from the gastrointestinal tract and endothelium play a prominent role in this process.By reversing endothelial dysfunction,it is possible to balance pro-inflammatory cytokine production,improving the availability of nitric oxide and inhibiting vascular oxidative stress.Furthermore,it can be considered an efficient anti-inflammatory strategy,alleviating interferon-gamma-mediated adipose tissue inflammation.The current challenge must be to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential targets for treating metabolic diseases.
文摘Silymarin, from the fruit of Silybum marianum, is known for its hepatoprotective action. The aim of this study was to review the mechanisms of action of the silymarin phytocomplex to expand the possibilities for its application in human health. The search for published articles was carried out on the CAPES Journals Portal platform, which covers worldwide scientific databases. Publications from 2010 to 2022 were included. Of the 311 articles retrieved, 21 were included. The articles discuss the diversity of silymarin’s applications and the possibility of optimizing its bioavailability using drug delivery systems. Silymarin shows promise in numerous diseases, such as liver, kidney, cardiovascular, respiratory and others. Its antiviral action has been demonstrated in studies and silymarin has the potential to be used as a complementary therapy in the treatment of many diseases, with the expectation that, in the future, it will be used in therapeutic protocols for exclusive use.
文摘This study investigated the effects of yerba mate consumption, a South American beverage, on cardiac remodeling in rats. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (CG) which received filtered water and a standard diet, and Yerba Mate Group (YM), 6 g of Ilex paraguariensis in 100 ml water and the same diet, for 30 days. The YM group showed a reduction in final body weight and food consumption without altering weight gain. Regarding cardiac remodeling, the YM group exhibited a decrease in the right ventricle weight/final body weight ratio, suggesting cardiac atrophy, without affecting the atria and left ventricle. There was no change in cardiomyocyte area or nuclear fractal dimension in both groups. However, animals that consumed yerba mate showed increased collagen deposition and a smaller fractal dimension in the left ventricle. The consumption of yerba mate at room temperature for 30 days induced changes in cardiac remodeling, as evidenced by increased collagen deposition and alterations in fractal dimension in the left ventricle.
文摘Spices are defined as any aromatic condiment of plant origin used to alter the flavor and aroma of foods. Besides flavor and aroma, many spices have antioxidant activity, mainly related to the presence in cloves of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids and eugenol. In turn, the most common uses of gum arabic are in the form of powder for addition to soft drink syrups, cuisine and baked goods, specifically to stabilize the texture of products, increase the viscosity of liquids and promote the leavening of baked products (e.g., cakes). Both eugenol, extracted from cloves, and gum arabic, extracted from the hardened sap of two species of the Acacia tree, are dietary constituents routinely consumed virtually throughout the world. Both of them are also widely used medicinally to inhibit oxidative stress and genotoxicity. The prevention arm of the study included groups: Ia, IIa, IIIa, Iva, V, VI, VII, VIII. Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the same period and for an additional 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG, or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The treatment arm of the study included groups Ib, IIb, IIIb e IVb, IX, X, XI, XII). Once a week for 20 weeks, the controls received saline s.c. while the experimental groups received DMH at 20 mg/kg s.c. During the subsequent 9 weeks, the animals received either water, 10% GA, EUG or 10% GA + EUG by gavage. The novelty of this study is the investigation of their use alone and together for the prevention and treatment of experimental colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. Our results show that the combined use of 10% gum arabic and eugenol was effective, with antioxidant action in the colon, as well as reducing oxidative stress in all colon segments and preventing and treating genotoxicity in all colon segments. Furthermore, their joint administration reduced the number of aberrant crypts and the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the distal segment and entire colon, as well as the number of ACF with at least 5 crypts in the entire colon. Thus, our results also demonstrate the synergistic effects of 10% gum arabic together with eugenol (from cloves), with antioxidant, antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic actions (prevention and treatment) at the doses and durations studied, in the colon of rats submitted to colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine.
基金Project supported by the National Council of Humanities,Sciences,and Technologies of Mexico(Nos.CF-2023-G-792 and CF-2023-G-1458)the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Brazil(No.09/2023)the Research on Productivity of Brazil(No.307188/2023-0)。
文摘A semi-analytical finite element method(SAFEM),based on the two-scale asymptotic homogenization method(AHM)and the finite element method(FEM),is implemented to obtain the effective properties of two-phase fiber-reinforced composites(FRCs).The fibers are periodically distributed and unidirectionally aligned in a homogeneous matrix.This framework addresses the static linear elastic micropolar problem through partial differential equations,subject to boundary conditions and perfect interface contact conditions.The mathematical formulation of the local problems and the effective coefficients are presented by the AHM.The local problems obtained from the AHM are solved by the FEM,which is denoted as the SAFEM.The numerical results are provided,and the accuracy of the solutions is analyzed,indicating that the formulas and results obtained with the SAFEM may serve as the reference points for validating the outcomes of experimental and numerical computations.
文摘BACKGROUND In the medical and dental fields,there is a need for studies of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone defects that cause extensive bone loss.Melatonin may be an important endogenous biological factor for bone remodeling,and growth factors may enhance the repair process.AIM To evaluate the gene expression of cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α),markers of osteoclastogenesis(RANK,RANKL and OPG)and MMPs(MMP-1,MMP-2,MMP-8 and MMP-13)from the treatment of melatonin associated with an osteogenic membrane and rhBMP-2 on the recovery of a bone injury.METHODS Sixty-four rats were used and divided into 9 experimental groups and were formed according to the treatment carried out in the region of the bone lesion,which varied between the combination of 1,10 and 100μmol/L of melatonin.Gene Expression analysis was performed using real time-PCR by reading the concentration of total RNA and reverse transcription.RESULTS There were differences between groups when compared with clot or scaffold control,and improvement with a higher concentration of melatonin or rhBMP-2.The combination melatonin(1μg)with 5μg of rhBMP-2,using the guided bone regeneration technique,demonstrated some effects,albeit mild,on bone repair of critical bone defects.CONCLUSION This indicates that the approach for administering these substances needs to be reassessed,with the goal of ensuring their direct application to the affected area.Therefore,future research must be carried out,seeking to produce materials with these ideal characteristics.
文摘“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the growth of probiotic bacteria. GF4 (1-fructofuranosylnystose) was the main fructo-oligosaccharides found, in higher contents compared to other food sources. Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) represented the main part of the oligosaccharides profile of Brazilian pine seeds. In descending order of importance was maltoheptaose (G7), maltohexose (G6) and maltotriose (G3). The starches from the variety Sanct josephi presented the highest amount of resistant starch that could stimulate probiotic strains, mainly B. breve and L. plantarum, and may have a prebiotic effect, potentially promoting health benefits. This study advances the understanding of the chemical composition of the main portion of the “pinhão” enhancing awareness of its potential as a healthy food source, contributing to different uses and indirectly with the species preservation.
文摘Bone regeneration is a critical area in regenerative medicine,particularly in orthopedics,demanding effective biomedical materials for treating bone defects.45S5 bioactive glass(45S5 BG)is a promising material because of its osteoconductive and bioactive properties.As research in this field continues to advance,keeping up-to-date on the latest and most successful applications of this material is imperative.To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search on Pub-Med/MEDLINE,focusing on English articles published in the last decade.Our search used the keywords“bioglass 45S5 AND bone defect”in combination.We found 27 articles,and after applying the inclusion criteria,we selected 15 studies for detailed examination.Most of these studies compared 45S5 BG with other cement or scaffold materials.These comparisons demonstrate that the addition of various composites enhances cellular biocompatibility,as evidenced by the cells and their osteogenic potential.Moreover,the use of 45S5 BG is enhanced by its antimicrobial properties,opening avenues for additional investigations and applications of this biomaterial.
