Primary cultures of pancreatic stellate cells（PSCs） remain an important basis for in vitro study.However,effective methods for isolating abundant PSCs are currently lacking.We report on a novel approach to isolating...Primary cultures of pancreatic stellate cells（PSCs） remain an important basis for in vitro study.However,effective methods for isolating abundant PSCs are currently lacking.We report on a novel approach to isolating PSCs from normal rat pancreases and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma（PDAC） tissue.After anaesthesia and laparotomy of the rat,a blunt cannula was inserted into the pancreatic duct through the anti-mesentery side of the duodenum,and the pancreas was slowly infused with an enzyme solution until all lobules were fully dispersed.The pancreas was then pre-incubated,finely minced and incubated to procure a cell suspension.PSCs were obtained after the cell suspension was filtered,washed and subject to gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz solution.Fresh human PDAC tissue was finely minced into 1×1×l mm^3 cubes with sharp blades.Tissue blocks were placed at the bottom of a culture plate with fresh plasma（EDTA-anti-coagulated plasma from the same patient,mixed with CaCL） sprinkled around the sample.After culture for 5-10 days under appropriate conditions,activated PSCs were harvested.An intraductal perfusion of an enzyme solution simplified the procedure of isolation of rat PSCs,as compared with the multiple injections technique,and a modified outgrowth method significantly shortened the outgrowth time of the activated cells.Our modification in PSC isolation methods significantly increased the isolation efficiency and shortened the culture period,thus facilitating future PSC-related research.展开更多
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)contributes to the increasing detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PNENs).Nevertheless,its value for differentiating pathological tumor grades is not well recognize...Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)contributes to the increasing detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PNENs).Nevertheless,its value for differentiating pathological tumor grades is not well recognized.In this report,we have conducted a retrospective study on the relationship between the 2017 World Health Organization(WHO)classification and CT imaging features in 94 patients.Most of the investigated features eventually provided statistically significant indicators for discerning PNENs G3 from PNENs G1/G2,including tumor size,shape,margin,heterogeneity,intratumoral blood vessels,vascular invasion,enhancement pattern in both contrast phases,enhancement degree in both phases,tumor-to-pancreas contrast ratio in both phases,common bile duct dilatation,lymph node metastases,and liver metastases.Ill-defined tumor margin was an independent predictor for PNENs G3 with the highest area under the curve(AUC)of 0.906 in the multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.The portal enhancement ratio(PER)was shown the highest AUC of 0.855 in terms of quantitative features.Our data suggest that the traditional contrastenhanced CT still plays a vital role in differentiation of tumor grades and heterogeneity analysis prior to treatment.展开更多
Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare solid tumor,and the diagnose is ambiguity.On account of the rarity of MS,it is often misdiagnosed.In order to promote clinicians to have a better understanding of the disease,a case of iso...Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare solid tumor,and the diagnose is ambiguity.On account of the rarity of MS,it is often misdiagnosed.In order to promote clinicians to have a better understanding of the disease,a case of isolated myeloid sarcoma of the pancreas has been admitted by the Center for Pancreas,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.A 36-year-old male patient presented to our department with recurrent postprandial abdominal distension and pain,and weight loss.The initial radiologic diagnose of the lesion was pancreatic cancer and a pancreatectomy was performed.Eventually,the histopathology result confirmed the final diagnosis:myeloid sarcoma(MS).To date,this type of disease has hardly been reported in the literature.This case report describes the diagnostic and treatment process and discusses the better way for diagnosis,which will guide such diseases in the future.展开更多
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death,and lymph node is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer.However,the alterations that happen in tumor-draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)to form a premetastat...Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death,and lymph node is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer.However,the alterations that happen in tumor-draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)to form a premetastatic microenvironment are largely unknown.Here,we first report the dynamic changes in size and immune status of TDLNs before metastasis in breast cancer.With the progression of tumor,the TDLN is first enlarged and immune-activated at early stage that contains specific antitumor immunity against metastasis.The TDLN is then contracted and immunosuppressed at late stage before finally getting metastasized.Mechanistically,B and follicular helper T(Tfh)cells parallelly expand and contract to determine the size of TDLN.The activation status and specific antitumor immunity of CD8+T cells in the TDLN are determined by interleukin-21(IL-21)produced by Tfh cells,thus showing parallel changes.The turn from activated enlargement to suppressed contraction is due to the spontaneous contraction of germinal centers mediated by follicular regulatory T cells.On the basis of the B-Tfh-IL-21-CD8+T cell axis,we prove that targeting the axis could activate TDLNs to resist metastasis.Together,our findings identify the dynamic alterations and regulatory mechanisms of premetastatic TDLNs of breast cancer and provide new strategies to inhibit lymph node metastasis.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81300351, 81272239,81170336)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD,JX10231801)
文摘Primary cultures of pancreatic stellate cells（PSCs） remain an important basis for in vitro study.However,effective methods for isolating abundant PSCs are currently lacking.We report on a novel approach to isolating PSCs from normal rat pancreases and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma（PDAC） tissue.After anaesthesia and laparotomy of the rat,a blunt cannula was inserted into the pancreatic duct through the anti-mesentery side of the duodenum,and the pancreas was slowly infused with an enzyme solution until all lobules were fully dispersed.The pancreas was then pre-incubated,finely minced and incubated to procure a cell suspension.PSCs were obtained after the cell suspension was filtered,washed and subject to gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz solution.Fresh human PDAC tissue was finely minced into 1×1×l mm^3 cubes with sharp blades.Tissue blocks were placed at the bottom of a culture plate with fresh plasma（EDTA-anti-coagulated plasma from the same patient,mixed with CaCL） sprinkled around the sample.After culture for 5-10 days under appropriate conditions,activated PSCs were harvested.An intraductal perfusion of an enzyme solution simplified the procedure of isolation of rat PSCs,as compared with the multiple injections technique,and a modified outgrowth method significantly shortened the outgrowth time of the activated cells.Our modification in PSC isolation methods significantly increased the isolation efficiency and shortened the culture period,thus facilitating future PSC-related research.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Innovation Capability Development Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BM2015004).
文摘Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)contributes to the increasing detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PNENs).Nevertheless,its value for differentiating pathological tumor grades is not well recognized.In this report,we have conducted a retrospective study on the relationship between the 2017 World Health Organization(WHO)classification and CT imaging features in 94 patients.Most of the investigated features eventually provided statistically significant indicators for discerning PNENs G3 from PNENs G1/G2,including tumor size,shape,margin,heterogeneity,intratumoral blood vessels,vascular invasion,enhancement pattern in both contrast phases,enhancement degree in both phases,tumor-to-pancreas contrast ratio in both phases,common bile duct dilatation,lymph node metastases,and liver metastases.Ill-defined tumor margin was an independent predictor for PNENs G3 with the highest area under the curve(AUC)of 0.906 in the multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.The portal enhancement ratio(PER)was shown the highest AUC of 0.855 in terms of quantitative features.Our data suggest that the traditional contrastenhanced CT still plays a vital role in differentiation of tumor grades and heterogeneity analysis prior to treatment.
文摘Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare solid tumor,and the diagnose is ambiguity.On account of the rarity of MS,it is often misdiagnosed.In order to promote clinicians to have a better understanding of the disease,a case of isolated myeloid sarcoma of the pancreas has been admitted by the Center for Pancreas,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.A 36-year-old male patient presented to our department with recurrent postprandial abdominal distension and pain,and weight loss.The initial radiologic diagnose of the lesion was pancreatic cancer and a pancreatectomy was performed.Eventually,the histopathology result confirmed the final diagnosis:myeloid sarcoma(MS).To date,this type of disease has hardly been reported in the literature.This case report describes the diagnostic and treatment process and discusses the better way for diagnosis,which will guide such diseases in the future.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771953 and 82172683)a project funded by Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department(BE2022807).
文摘Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death,and lymph node is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer.However,the alterations that happen in tumor-draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)to form a premetastatic microenvironment are largely unknown.Here,we first report the dynamic changes in size and immune status of TDLNs before metastasis in breast cancer.With the progression of tumor,the TDLN is first enlarged and immune-activated at early stage that contains specific antitumor immunity against metastasis.The TDLN is then contracted and immunosuppressed at late stage before finally getting metastasized.Mechanistically,B and follicular helper T(Tfh)cells parallelly expand and contract to determine the size of TDLN.The activation status and specific antitumor immunity of CD8+T cells in the TDLN are determined by interleukin-21(IL-21)produced by Tfh cells,thus showing parallel changes.The turn from activated enlargement to suppressed contraction is due to the spontaneous contraction of germinal centers mediated by follicular regulatory T cells.On the basis of the B-Tfh-IL-21-CD8+T cell axis,we prove that targeting the axis could activate TDLNs to resist metastasis.Together,our findings identify the dynamic alterations and regulatory mechanisms of premetastatic TDLNs of breast cancer and provide new strategies to inhibit lymph node metastasis.
