The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dyke...The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes(minor)展开更多
Microwave-assisted heating has been recently used for extracting nutrient components from food materials. The technique sometimes invokes reactions from nutrient compounds during microwave-irradiation because it activ...Microwave-assisted heating has been recently used for extracting nutrient components from food materials. The technique sometimes invokes reactions from nutrient compounds during microwave-irradiation because it activates water molecules to reach a high temperature. The microwave-irradiation produced 5.3 g maltose per 100 g sweat potatoes in 30 s, which was faster than conventional heating (3.9 g maltose per 100 g in 300 s). Fructose level increased with the longer reaction time under microwave-irradiation (from 1.33 g to 1.65 g in 120s), but decreased with a longer reaction time under conventional heating (from 0.99 g to 0.83 g in 1200 s). This study demonstrates the differences in the reactions and products between microwave-irradiation and conventional heating.展开更多
Diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of pyruvic acid esters, amides, and their Schiff bases has been well studied over a long period to show that proline is one of the most effective chiral auxiliaries. Proline ...Diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of pyruvic acid esters, amides, and their Schiff bases has been well studied over a long period to show that proline is one of the most effective chiral auxiliaries. Proline derivatives have been used as auxiliaries in the diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of pyruvamide Schiff bases. The diastereoselective hydrogenation resulted in up to a 78% enantiomeric excess of the amino acid derived from the hydrolysis of the dipeptide products. The chelation hypothesis explains the stereochemistry of the catalytic hydrogenation using (S)-proline esters in the amide moiety and the two chiral centers in the amide and Schiff base moieties.展开更多
The last appearance datum of the radiolarian Kilinora spiralis is recorded above the first appearance datum of the ammonite Ataxioceras (A.) kurisakense in the Todoro Section of the Kurisaka Formation, Southern Kurose...The last appearance datum of the radiolarian Kilinora spiralis is recorded above the first appearance datum of the ammonite Ataxioceras (A.) kurisakense in the Todoro Section of the Kurisaka Formation, Southern Kurosegawa Terrane, Shikoku, SW Japan. The constraint by ammonite age prolongs the range of the Kilinora spiralis Zone, a remarkable Jurassic radiolarian zone in Japan-NW Pacific region, into the lower Kimmeridgian. The direct correlation of the Kilinora spiralis zone with the Late Jurassic ammonite faunal succession in the Kurisaka Formation will provide a clue to the still pending chronological difference between European and North American radiolarian zones.展开更多
Purpose:This study examines law-related education in Japan and China to reveal the current state of research and identify the roles,possibilities,and challenges facing such teaching at the elementary,junior high,and s...Purpose:This study examines law-related education in Japan and China to reveal the current state of research and identify the roles,possibilities,and challenges facing such teaching at the elementary,junior high,and senior high school levels.This study conducts a comparative review of research on perspectives toward law education in both countries,as well as the characteristics of and issues facing law education in Japan.Design/Approach/Methods:This study examines trends in research and educational reform related to law education in Japan.In doing so,it evaluates how the characteristics of and issues facing law education in Japan are related to law education in China.Findings:Results show no evidence of a systematic study of law in Japan.Reforming subjects to engage in collaborative learning is a more realistic strategy than attempting to design wholly new subjects.Accordingly,exploring what kind of learning activities are linked to law-abiding education in China offers insights and references for Japan.Adapting these strategies to the Japanese context and law material can help create a more systematic form of learning.Originality/Value:Through joint research by researchers and educators from East Asian countries,we intend to conduct further research on the development of curricula,textbooks,and class models suited to specific subjects.Employing the joint research learning approach discussed in this study in Japan and China may result in further learning possibilities.展开更多
The diagnosis of the Middle Jurassic spinicaudatan genus Shizhuestheria is revised following the re-examination under a scanning electron microscope of a type specimen from Yanxi of Shizhu, and the newly collected spe...The diagnosis of the Middle Jurassic spinicaudatan genus Shizhuestheria is revised following the re-examination under a scanning electron microscope of a type specimen from Yanxi of Shizhu, and the newly collected specimens from Xintiangou of Chengjiang Town, Beibei, Chongqing. Small-sized reticulations occur not only in the middle-sized reticulations on growth bands on the dorsal side of the carapace, but also on growth bands on the ventral side of the carapace, which have been overlooked in the original description. The shift from wide dorsal growth bands to narrow ventral ones might indicate an onset of sexual maturity, and the transition in biological priorities from rapid juvenile growth to reproductive activities.展开更多
文摘The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes.The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes(minor)
文摘Microwave-assisted heating has been recently used for extracting nutrient components from food materials. The technique sometimes invokes reactions from nutrient compounds during microwave-irradiation because it activates water molecules to reach a high temperature. The microwave-irradiation produced 5.3 g maltose per 100 g sweat potatoes in 30 s, which was faster than conventional heating (3.9 g maltose per 100 g in 300 s). Fructose level increased with the longer reaction time under microwave-irradiation (from 1.33 g to 1.65 g in 120s), but decreased with a longer reaction time under conventional heating (from 0.99 g to 0.83 g in 1200 s). This study demonstrates the differences in the reactions and products between microwave-irradiation and conventional heating.
文摘Diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of pyruvic acid esters, amides, and their Schiff bases has been well studied over a long period to show that proline is one of the most effective chiral auxiliaries. Proline derivatives have been used as auxiliaries in the diastereoselective catalytic hydrogenation of pyruvamide Schiff bases. The diastereoselective hydrogenation resulted in up to a 78% enantiomeric excess of the amino acid derived from the hydrolysis of the dipeptide products. The chelation hypothesis explains the stereochemistry of the catalytic hydrogenation using (S)-proline esters in the amide moiety and the two chiral centers in the amide and Schiff base moieties.
文摘The last appearance datum of the radiolarian Kilinora spiralis is recorded above the first appearance datum of the ammonite Ataxioceras (A.) kurisakense in the Todoro Section of the Kurisaka Formation, Southern Kurosegawa Terrane, Shikoku, SW Japan. The constraint by ammonite age prolongs the range of the Kilinora spiralis Zone, a remarkable Jurassic radiolarian zone in Japan-NW Pacific region, into the lower Kimmeridgian. The direct correlation of the Kilinora spiralis zone with the Late Jurassic ammonite faunal succession in the Kurisaka Formation will provide a clue to the still pending chronological difference between European and North American radiolarian zones.
基金support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article:This study is based on the research results of"The Comprehensive Study of Classes That Foster‘Citizenship'Using Judgment Materials’on Domestic Laws and International Treaties" (2015-2017)funded by the Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (Challenging Exploratory Research Project/Area Number 15K13222).
文摘Purpose:This study examines law-related education in Japan and China to reveal the current state of research and identify the roles,possibilities,and challenges facing such teaching at the elementary,junior high,and senior high school levels.This study conducts a comparative review of research on perspectives toward law education in both countries,as well as the characteristics of and issues facing law education in Japan.Design/Approach/Methods:This study examines trends in research and educational reform related to law education in Japan.In doing so,it evaluates how the characteristics of and issues facing law education in Japan are related to law education in China.Findings:Results show no evidence of a systematic study of law in Japan.Reforming subjects to engage in collaborative learning is a more realistic strategy than attempting to design wholly new subjects.Accordingly,exploring what kind of learning activities are linked to law-abiding education in China offers insights and references for Japan.Adapting these strategies to the Japanese context and law material can help create a more systematic form of learning.Originality/Value:Through joint research by researchers and educators from East Asian countries,we intend to conduct further research on the development of curricula,textbooks,and class models suited to specific subjects.Employing the joint research learning approach discussed in this study in Japan and China may result in further learning possibilities.
基金Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-154)Regional Research Project of Shehong, Sichuan (Grant No. 07D0020201)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40572005)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (ID No. L09522)State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing (Grant Nos. 073106, 20082103)
文摘The diagnosis of the Middle Jurassic spinicaudatan genus Shizhuestheria is revised following the re-examination under a scanning electron microscope of a type specimen from Yanxi of Shizhu, and the newly collected specimens from Xintiangou of Chengjiang Town, Beibei, Chongqing. Small-sized reticulations occur not only in the middle-sized reticulations on growth bands on the dorsal side of the carapace, but also on growth bands on the ventral side of the carapace, which have been overlooked in the original description. The shift from wide dorsal growth bands to narrow ventral ones might indicate an onset of sexual maturity, and the transition in biological priorities from rapid juvenile growth to reproductive activities.
