Around half of the men who have sex with men(MSM)have never been tested for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),even though the health authorities promoted a massive scale-up of HIV testing and counseling in health faci...Around half of the men who have sex with men(MSM)have never been tested for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),even though the health authorities promoted a massive scale-up of HIV testing and counseling in health facilities[1].HIV self-testing has been recommended by the World Health Organization as a user-friendly,convenient,rapid,and accurate approach to access HIV testing[2].An internet-based provision of self-testing services may be critical to the rollout of HIV self-testing,but more research is needed.展开更多
In the past 37 years,human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)has undergone various major transmission routes in China,with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes,even the...In the past 37 years,human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)has undergone various major transmission routes in China,with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes,even the prevalence is still low.In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection,China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing,which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection.China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy(ART)since 2003,which covered>80%of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%.To bend the curve of increasing the disease burden of HIV and finally end the epidemic,China should consider constraining HIV spread through sexual transmission,narrowing the gaps in identifying HIV cases,and the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART in the future.展开更多
Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevalence among student men who have sex with men(MSM)in college is more than 5.0%and keeps on increasing in China.This study aims to clarify the proportion of HIV recent i...Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevalence among student men who have sex with men(MSM)in college is more than 5.0%and keeps on increasing in China.This study aims to clarify the proportion of HIV recent infection,its propeller and the source among college student MSM.Methods:We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in seven major Chinese cities during 2012-2013.HIV recent infections(≤168 days)and incidence was measured and estimated by BED HIV-1 capture enzyme immunoassay(BED-CEIA)testing strategy.HIV-related behaviors and transmitted drug resistance(TDR)were investigated and compared between the college student MSM,<25-year-old non-student youth MSM(NSYM),and≥25-year-old non-student non-youth MSM(NSNYM),using structured survey,and analyses of drug resistance.Results:Overall,4496(4496/4526,99.3%)were eligible for enrollment,comprising 565 college student MSM,1094 NSYM,and 2837 NSNYM.The proportion of HIV recent infection were 70.3%(26/37),50.8%(65/128)and 35.1%(95/271),the HIV incidence rate were 10.0(95%CI:6.2-13.9)/100 person-year(PY),12.9(95%CI:9.8-16.1)/100PY,6.8(95%CI:5.4-8.2)/100 PY,and TDR prevalences were 7.4%(2/27),2.0%,(2/98)and 4.9%(11/226),among student MSM,NSYM,and NSNYM,respectively.Among HIV positive student MSM with age<21 years,the proportion of HIV recent infection is 90.9%(10/11).Factors independently associated with HIV recent infection in student MSM was usage of recreational drug in the past 6 months(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]:2.5;95%CI:1.0-5.8).Conclusions:College student MSM had higher proportion of HIV recent infection and TDR than the youth and older MSM in China during 2012-2013.The HIV infections were more likely to happen during the early year of college life among student MSM.展开更多
Dear Editor,In China,HIV-1 CRF01_AE has always been one of the most prevalent subtypes,especially among sexually active population,since it was initially reported in Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces during the early 1990s...Dear Editor,In China,HIV-1 CRF01_AE has always been one of the most prevalent subtypes,especially among sexually active population,since it was initially reported in Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces during the early 1990s(Cheng et al.1994;Yu et al.1998;Chen et al.1999).Multiple independent introductions of CRF01_AE have led to the establishment of at least eight epidemic lineages in China,which have been circulating among different high-risk populations and have variable prevalence and geographic distribution(Li et al.2017).展开更多
To eliminate the public health threat of the global human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)epidemic by 2030,the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS launched 90-9...To eliminate the public health threat of the global human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)epidemic by 2030,the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS launched 90-90-90 control targets in 2014 to help end the spread of HIV.China has responded actively by scaling up and expanding HIV testing and implementing early antiretroviral therapy(ART).In progressing towards achieving the 90-90-90 targets,China,in 2018,achieved higher percentages on the second(83.4%vs.79.5%)and third(94.2%vs.79.9%)"90"targets than the average global levels but a lower percentage on the first"90"target(69.3%vs.79.9%),the aim of which is to have 90%of all people living with HIV(PLWHIV)knowing their HIV status.At the same time,the estimated number of PLWHIV in China increased from 0.81 million in 2013 to 1.25 million in 2018.In addition,while AIDS ranked third for the number of cases of nationally notifiable legal infectious diseases in 2019,it ranked first for the number of deaths resulting from such diseases.The above evidence indicates that overreliance on HIV testing and early ART is far from sufficient to control HIV completely.It is necessary to move forward with direct prevention and control strategies that reduce the risk of HIV infection in key populations.HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis(nPEP)are just two of the measures that need to be fully utilized in this effort.展开更多
Identification of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission networks is a critical step in the public health response;however,it is challenging to achieve this through traditional epidemiological surveys alone.The...Identification of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission networks is a critical step in the public health response;however,it is challenging to achieve this through traditional epidemiological surveys alone.The molecular network approach can provide more accurate information for understanding HIV outbreaks and bring targeted interventions into reality.Based on the current global development of the concept of the molecular network,Chinese scientists have in recent years explored the applications of molecular networks for understanding the HIV-1 transmission trends,for identifying the population acquiring priority interventions,and for evaluating the targeted intervention effectiveness.In this review,we focus on research progress by Chinese scientists in the field of molecular networks and put forward some suggestions for future research of molecular networks.展开更多
Introduction Although the global human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic has been effectively curbed,preventing and managing HIV infection in high-risk populations remains challenging.[1]In China,HIV is primarily tr...Introduction Although the global human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic has been effectively curbed,preventing and managing HIV infection in high-risk populations remains challenging.[1]In China,HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.[1,2]Pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)is a new and effective method for preventing HIV infection using antiretroviral drugs[3];data from multiple clinical trials worldwide have shown that using antiretroviral drugs for PrEP can limit HIV transmission.[4,5,6,7]The World Health Organization(WHO)issued guidelines in 2015 recommending PrEP in populations with an HIV incidence above 3/100 person-years(PY)and in individuals engaging in high-risk behaviors.[3]According to existing studies,the HIV incidence among key populations in China was 5.6/100 PY for men who have sex with men(MSM),[8]1.6/100 PY for intravenous drug users(IDUs),[9]and 1.4/100 PY for female sex workers.[10,11]As of July 2020,54 countries and regions have issued PrEP guidelines for adults to prevent HIV infection,and 36 of these have also published guidelines for children and adolescents.However,there are no PrEP guidelines or related consensus statement in China.As such,there is a strong need for standardized guidance on the implementation of PrEP pertaining to medical selection criteria,PrEP timing,drug safety,and consultation and testing programs.Here we present the consensus statement on the implementation of PrEP in China based on the opinions and suggestions of health policy-makers,scientists,clinical experts,community-based organizations of key populations,and the latest reports in PrEP researches.展开更多
Currently there is no effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which frequently leads to fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms of SARS-CoV-mediated in...Currently there is no effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which frequently leads to fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms of SARS-CoV-mediated inflammation. We also assume that SARS-CoV-2 likely shares similar inflammatory responses. Potential therapeutic tools to reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses include various methods to block FcR activation. In the absence of a proven clinical FcR blocker, the use of intravenous immunoglobulin to block FcR activation may be a viable option for the urgent treatment of pulmonary inflammation to prevent severe lung injury. Such treatment may also be combined with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. However, these strategies, as proposed here, remain to be clinically tested for effectiveness.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)testing is the only way to find people living with HIV(PLWH).Early diagnosis and early treatment of HIV can extend the life of PLWH and reduce the subsequent transmission of HIV.Theref...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)testing is the only way to find people living with HIV(PLWH).Early diagnosis and early treatment of HIV can extend the life of PLWH and reduce the subsequent transmission of HIV.Therefore,HIV testing plays a crucial role in public health.The global scale of HIV testing has expanded significantly over the past 10 years.Of the estimated 37 million people with HIV worldwide,approximately 79%knew their HIV status in 2018,compared with 12%in 2005.By 2018,68.9%of PLWH in China had received a diagnosis.[1]This number is far from the target of 90%of PLWH knowing their HIV status,which is advocated in the implementation plan for containing the spread of HIV/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome(AIDS)(2019–2022).[2]Expanding HIV testing has become an essential and challenging issue for China’s current HIV/AIDS prevention and control.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project Research of the 13th Five-Year[No.2018ZX10101001-001-003]National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81872674]AIDS Healthcare Foundation(AHF)China program[No.2016-P-001]。
文摘Around half of the men who have sex with men(MSM)have never been tested for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),even though the health authorities promoted a massive scale-up of HIV testing and counseling in health facilities[1].HIV self-testing has been recommended by the World Health Organization as a user-friendly,convenient,rapid,and accurate approach to access HIV testing[2].An internet-based provision of self-testing services may be critical to the rollout of HIV self-testing,but more research is needed.
基金the Mega-Projects of national science research(13rd Five-Year Plan[No.2017ZX10201101])the Innovation Team Develop-ment Program of the Ministry of Education 2016(No.IRT_16R70).
文摘In the past 37 years,human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)has undergone various major transmission routes in China,with the world most complex co-circulating HIV-1 subtypes,even the prevalence is still low.In response to the first epidemic outbreak of HIV in injecting drug users and the second one by illegal commercial blood collection,China issued the Anti-Drug Law and launched the Blood Donation Act and nationwide nucleic acid testing,which has avoided 98,232 to 211,200 estimated infections and almost ended the blood product-related infection.China has been providing free antiretroviral therapy(ART)since 2003,which covered>80%of the identified patients and achieved a viral suppression rate of 91%.To bend the curve of increasing the disease burden of HIV and finally end the epidemic,China should consider constraining HIV spread through sexual transmission,narrowing the gaps in identifying HIV cases,and the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART in the future.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the Mega-Projects of National Science Research(No.2017ZX10201101-002-007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872674)the Mega-Projects of National Science Research(No.2018ZX10101001-001-003)。
文摘Background:Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)prevalence among student men who have sex with men(MSM)in college is more than 5.0%and keeps on increasing in China.This study aims to clarify the proportion of HIV recent infection,its propeller and the source among college student MSM.Methods:We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in seven major Chinese cities during 2012-2013.HIV recent infections(≤168 days)and incidence was measured and estimated by BED HIV-1 capture enzyme immunoassay(BED-CEIA)testing strategy.HIV-related behaviors and transmitted drug resistance(TDR)were investigated and compared between the college student MSM,<25-year-old non-student youth MSM(NSYM),and≥25-year-old non-student non-youth MSM(NSNYM),using structured survey,and analyses of drug resistance.Results:Overall,4496(4496/4526,99.3%)were eligible for enrollment,comprising 565 college student MSM,1094 NSYM,and 2837 NSNYM.The proportion of HIV recent infection were 70.3%(26/37),50.8%(65/128)and 35.1%(95/271),the HIV incidence rate were 10.0(95%CI:6.2-13.9)/100 person-year(PY),12.9(95%CI:9.8-16.1)/100PY,6.8(95%CI:5.4-8.2)/100 PY,and TDR prevalences were 7.4%(2/27),2.0%,(2/98)and 4.9%(11/226),among student MSM,NSYM,and NSNYM,respectively.Among HIV positive student MSM with age<21 years,the proportion of HIV recent infection is 90.9%(10/11).Factors independently associated with HIV recent infection in student MSM was usage of recreational drug in the past 6 months(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]:2.5;95%CI:1.0-5.8).Conclusions:College student MSM had higher proportion of HIV recent infection and TDR than the youth and older MSM in China during 2012-2013.The HIV infections were more likely to happen during the early year of college life among student MSM.
基金This work was funded by the Mega-projects of National Science Research for the 13th Five-Year Plan(2018ZX10721102-006-003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871637)+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-027)Scientific Research Funding Project of Liaoning Province Education Department(QN2019005)。
文摘Dear Editor,In China,HIV-1 CRF01_AE has always been one of the most prevalent subtypes,especially among sexually active population,since it was initially reported in Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces during the early 1990s(Cheng et al.1994;Yu et al.1998;Chen et al.1999).Multiple independent introductions of CRF01_AE have led to the establishment of at least eight epidemic lineages in China,which have been circulating among different high-risk populations and have variable prevalence and geographic distribution(Li et al.2017).
基金The work was supported by a grant from the Mega-Projects of National Science Research for the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2017ZX10201101)。
文摘To eliminate the public health threat of the global human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)epidemic by 2030,the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS launched 90-90-90 control targets in 2014 to help end the spread of HIV.China has responded actively by scaling up and expanding HIV testing and implementing early antiretroviral therapy(ART).In progressing towards achieving the 90-90-90 targets,China,in 2018,achieved higher percentages on the second(83.4%vs.79.5%)and third(94.2%vs.79.9%)"90"targets than the average global levels but a lower percentage on the first"90"target(69.3%vs.79.9%),the aim of which is to have 90%of all people living with HIV(PLWHIV)knowing their HIV status.At the same time,the estimated number of PLWHIV in China increased from 0.81 million in 2013 to 1.25 million in 2018.In addition,while AIDS ranked third for the number of cases of nationally notifiable legal infectious diseases in 2019,it ranked first for the number of deaths resulting from such diseases.The above evidence indicates that overreliance on HIV testing and early ART is far from sufficient to control HIV completely.It is necessary to move forward with direct prevention and control strategies that reduce the risk of HIV infection in key populations.HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)and non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis(nPEP)are just two of the measures that need to be fully utilized in this effort.
基金This work was supported by Mega-Projects of National Science Research for the 13th Five-Year Plan(2018ZX10721102)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-027)。
文摘Identification of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission networks is a critical step in the public health response;however,it is challenging to achieve this through traditional epidemiological surveys alone.The molecular network approach can provide more accurate information for understanding HIV outbreaks and bring targeted interventions into reality.Based on the current global development of the concept of the molecular network,Chinese scientists have in recent years explored the applications of molecular networks for understanding the HIV-1 transmission trends,for identifying the population acquiring priority interventions,and for evaluating the targeted intervention effectiveness.In this review,we focus on research progress by Chinese scientists in the field of molecular networks and put forward some suggestions for future research of molecular networks.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Mega-projects of National Science Research for the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2017ZX10201101)。
文摘Introduction Although the global human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)epidemic has been effectively curbed,preventing and managing HIV infection in high-risk populations remains challenging.[1]In China,HIV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact.[1,2]Pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP)is a new and effective method for preventing HIV infection using antiretroviral drugs[3];data from multiple clinical trials worldwide have shown that using antiretroviral drugs for PrEP can limit HIV transmission.[4,5,6,7]The World Health Organization(WHO)issued guidelines in 2015 recommending PrEP in populations with an HIV incidence above 3/100 person-years(PY)and in individuals engaging in high-risk behaviors.[3]According to existing studies,the HIV incidence among key populations in China was 5.6/100 PY for men who have sex with men(MSM),[8]1.6/100 PY for intravenous drug users(IDUs),[9]and 1.4/100 PY for female sex workers.[10,11]As of July 2020,54 countries and regions have issued PrEP guidelines for adults to prevent HIV infection,and 36 of these have also published guidelines for children and adolescents.However,there are no PrEP guidelines or related consensus statement in China.As such,there is a strong need for standardized guidance on the implementation of PrEP pertaining to medical selection criteria,PrEP timing,drug safety,and consultation and testing programs.Here we present the consensus statement on the implementation of PrEP in China based on the opinions and suggestions of health policy-makers,scientists,clinical experts,community-based organizations of key populations,and the latest reports in PrEP researches.
文摘Currently there is no effective antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which frequently leads to fatal inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Here, we discuss the various mechanisms of SARS-CoV-mediated inflammation. We also assume that SARS-CoV-2 likely shares similar inflammatory responses. Potential therapeutic tools to reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses include various methods to block FcR activation. In the absence of a proven clinical FcR blocker, the use of intravenous immunoglobulin to block FcR activation may be a viable option for the urgent treatment of pulmonary inflammation to prevent severe lung injury. Such treatment may also be combined with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids. However, these strategies, as proposed here, remain to be clinically tested for effectiveness.
基金the Mega-Projects of National Science Research for the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2017ZX10201101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073620).
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)testing is the only way to find people living with HIV(PLWH).Early diagnosis and early treatment of HIV can extend the life of PLWH and reduce the subsequent transmission of HIV.Therefore,HIV testing plays a crucial role in public health.The global scale of HIV testing has expanded significantly over the past 10 years.Of the estimated 37 million people with HIV worldwide,approximately 79%knew their HIV status in 2018,compared with 12%in 2005.By 2018,68.9%of PLWH in China had received a diagnosis.[1]This number is far from the target of 90%of PLWH knowing their HIV status,which is advocated in the implementation plan for containing the spread of HIV/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome(AIDS)(2019–2022).[2]Expanding HIV testing has become an essential and challenging issue for China’s current HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
