Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genet...Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.展开更多
The effects of yeast culture and directfed microbes on the growth performance of weaner lambs was examined. Thirty-two Hu lambs with inihtial weight of 22.20 （ ±0.75 ） kg were randomly assigned to one of four t...The effects of yeast culture and directfed microbes on the growth performance of weaner lambs was examined. Thirty-two Hu lambs with inihtial weight of 22.20 （ ±0.75 ） kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments： basal diet without additive （control）, added with yeast culture at 15 g/head/d （YEC）, YEC plus Bacillus licheniformis preparation at 2. 3 g/head/d （YBL） or plus Clostridium butyricum preparation at 2. 3 g/head/d （YCB）. The feeding trial lasted 75 d with 15 d for adaptation. Feed intake was not influenced （P 〉0. 05） by treatment. Average daily gain of growing lambs was 102, 114, 90, and 89 g/d in control, YEC, YBL, and YCB, respectively, with no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） among treatments, but the carcass weight of YEC lambs was significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of other treatments. Total volatile fatty acids and acetate to propionate ratio in the rumen were unaffected, although the butyric acid concentration was higher （ P 〈 0.05 ） in the ru men fluid of YCB lambs compared with YEC lambs and slightly higher （ P 〉 0. 05 ） than in controls and YBL lambs. Solid-associated fungi population relative to total rumen bacteria 16S ribosomal DNA was significantly lower （ P 〈 0. 05 ） in YBL lambs （3.55） compared with those on YCB （23.12）. There was little difference in blood glucose and plasma urea-N concentrations among the treatments. Blood concentrations of creatinine and globulin were significantly higher （P 〈0.05） in YBL lambs, compared with the control and YEC-fed animals, and no difference with YCB lambs. Total protein and triglycerides in blood were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in YBL lambs, compared with controls. These serum biochemical parameters suggest that treatment increased amounts of absorbable protein but not efficiency of protein utilization and in YBL and YCB lambs. The results indicated that yeast culture improve growth performance, while little advantage could be expected from combining yeast culture with either the B. licheniformis preparation or C. butyricum preparation. More research using lower doses of B. licheniformis prepara- tion or C. butyricum preparation in combination with yeast culture is warranted.展开更多
Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential s...Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential somatic cell count(DSCC)could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy cows.This work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Results:Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were selected.The serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre-and postpartum,and milk was sampled at week 1 postpartum.Based on the DSCC in milk at week 1,cows with lower(7.4%±4.07%,n=15)and higher(83.3%±1.21%,n=15)DSCCs were selected.High DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts(P<0.05),hemoglobin(P=0.07),and hematocrit(P=0.05),higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables[reactive oxygen species(P<0.05),malondialdehyde(P<0.05),protein carbonyl(P<0.05),and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(P=0.07)],higher levels of serum and milk NETs(P<0.05)and blood-milk barrier indicators,including serumβ-casein(P=0.05)and milk immunoglobulin G2(P=0.09),than those of low DSCC cows.In addition,lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites(cholesterol and albumin)(P<0.05)and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I(P=0.09)were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC cows.Among the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters(NETs,deoxyribonuclease I andβ-casein),the area under the curve(0.973)of NETs was the highest.In addition,the sensitivity(1.00)and specificity(0.93)were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL(P<0.05).Conclusions:The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for mastitis in postpartum cows.展开更多
Understanding biological mechanisms is fundamental for improving animal production and health to meet the growing demand for high-quality p rotein.As an emerging biotechnology,single-cell transcriptomics has been grad...Understanding biological mechanisms is fundamental for improving animal production and health to meet the growing demand for high-quality p rotein.As an emerging biotechnology,single-cell transcriptomics has been gradually applied in diverse aspects of animal research,offering an effective method to study the gene expression of highthroughput single cells of different tissues/organs in animals.In an unprecedented manner,researchers have identified cell type s/subtypes and their marker genes,infe rred cellular fate trajectories,and revealed cell-cell in teractions in animals using single-cell transcriptomics.In this paper,we introduce the development of single-cell technology and review the processes,advancements,and applications of single-cell transcriptomics in animal research.We summarize recent efforts using single-cell transcriptomics to obtain a more profound understanding of animal nutrition and healthe reproductive performance,genetics,and disease models in different livestock species.Moreover,the practical experience accumulated based on a large number of cases is highlighted to provide a reference for determining key factors(e.g.,sample size,cell clustering,and cell type annotation)in single-cell transcriptomics analysis.We also discuss the limitations and outlook of single-cell transcriptomics in the current stage.This paper describes the comprehensive progress of single-cell transcriptomics in animal research,offering novel insights and sustainable advancements in agricultural productivity and animal health.展开更多
Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In...Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In ani-mals,oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes,but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain unclear.Thus,the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS:none(No-HS),mild(Mild-HS),and moderate HS(Mod-HS).Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature(Ptreat<0.01)and respiration rate(Ptreat<0.01).Under Mod-HS,greater Na+(P<0.05)and lower total CO_(2),and pH(P<0.05)were observed relative to those under No-HS and Mild-HS.Oxygen concentrations in both coccygeal artery and mammary vein(Ptreat<0.01)were lower under Mod-HS than under No-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)(P<0.05)increased during Mod-HS compared with those in cows under No-HS.Malondialdehyde increased during Mod-HS,and glu-tathione peroxidase(P<0.01)increased during Mild-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.01),heme oxygenase-1(P<0.01),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(P<0.01)were greater in cows under Mod-HS than those under No-HS.Red blood cell count(P<0.01)and hemoglobin concentration(P<0.01)were lower in the coccygeal vein of dairy cows under Mild-and Mod-HS than those of cows under No-HS.Conclusions Exposure to HS negatively impacts the health status and lactation performance of dairy cows by limit-ing oxygen metabolism and transportation.However,the specific mechanism by which HS affects mammary function in cows remains unclear and requires further exploration.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of small intestinal immune dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)newborn piglets and relieve this dysfunction via dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na)suppleme...This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of small intestinal immune dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)newborn piglets and relieve this dysfunction via dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na)supplementation during the suckling period.Thirty sows(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])were selected,and 1 male newborn piglet with normal birth weight(NBW)and 1 male newborn piglet with IUGR were obtained from each sow.Among them,10 NBW and 10 IUGR newborns were euthanized without suckling.The other 20 NBW newborns were allocated to the group named NCON,which means NBW newborns fed a basic milk diet(BMD)(n=10),and the group named ND,which means NBW newborns fed BMD supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(n=10);the other 20 IUGR newborns were assigned to the group named ICON,which means IUGR newborns fed BMD(n=10),and the group named ID,which means IUGR newborns fed BMD supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(n=10).The newborns were fed BMD from 7 to 21 d of age and euthanized at 21 d of age to collect serum and small intestinal samples.The growth performance,small intestinal histological morphology and sub-organelle ultrastructure,serum immunoglobulin,small intestinal digestive enzyme activity,inflammatory cytokine level,and jejunum mRNA and protein expression of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein(NOD)/nuclear factor-k B(NF-k B)network deteriorated in the ICON group compared to that in the NCON group.The small intestinal histological morphology and suborganelle ultrastructure,serum immunoglobulin,small intestinal digestive enzyme activity,and inflammatory cytokine level improved(P<0.05)in the ID group compared to those in the ICON group.The jejunum mRNA and protein expression of the TLR4/NOD/NF-k B network improved(P<0.05)in the ID group compared to that in the ICON group.In conclusion,the activity of the TLR4/NOD/NF-k B pathway was inhibited in the IUGR newborns,which in turn led to their jejunum immune dysfunction and reduced their performance.By ingesting DMG-Na,the IUGR newborns activated the TLR4/NOD/NF-k B pathway,thereby improving their unfavorable body state during the suckling period.展开更多
This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na).A total of 60 male newb...This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na).A total of 60 male newborn piglets were selected for this study.Within each litter,one normal birth weight(NBW)male piglet(1.53±0.04 kg)and two IUGR male piglets(0.76±0.06 kg)were chosen based on their birth weight.The piglets were divided into three groups for the study:NBW pigs received a PBS gavage and a common basal diet(NBW-C group),IUGR pigs received the same PBS gavage and common basal diet(IUGR-C group),and IUGR pigs received a 70-mg DMG-Na gavage along with a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(IUGR-D group).At 150 d of age,all piglets underwent euthanasia by exsanguination following electrical stunning,after which plasma,liver,and longissimus dorsi(LM)samples were promptly collected.The IUGR-D group demonstrated improvements in plasma parameters(P<0.05),with lower triglyceride and free fatty acid(FFA)values,and hormone levels(P<0.05),with lower growth hormone,insulin,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values.Restoration of lipid metabolism was observed(P<0.05),with lower triglyceride and FFA,and higher hepatic lipase and total lipase values in the liver,and lower triglyceride and FFA values in the LM.Mitochondrial ETC complexes showed increased levels(P<0.05),including higher complex III values in the liver,and higher complex I,complex III,and complex V values in the LM.Enhanced levels of energy metabolites were noted(P<0.05),with higher NAD^(+),NAD^(+)/NADH,adenosine triphosphate,and mtDNA values,and lower NADH values in the liver and LM.Additionally,meat quality parameters showed improvement(P<0.05),with higher pH 24 h and a^(*)values,and lower drip loss 48 h,L^(*),and b^(*)values.The expressions of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were upregulated(P<0.05)compared to the IUGR-C group.In conclusion,it was indicated that IUGR pigs experienced lipid metabolism disorders and diminished performance.However,supplementation with DMG-Na showed promise in mitigating these adverse physiological effects by safeguarding body tissues and modulating energy metabolism.展开更多
Newborn ruminants are considered functionally monogastric animals.The poor understanding of cellular differences between newborn and mature ruminants prevents the improvement of health and performance of domestic rumi...Newborn ruminants are considered functionally monogastric animals.The poor understanding of cellular differences between newborn and mature ruminants prevents the improvement of health and performance of domestic ruminants.Here,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing on the rumen,reticulum,omasum,abomasum,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,colon,rectum,liver,salivary gland,and mammary gland from newborn and adult cattle.A comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas covering 235,941 high-quality single cells and 78 cell types was deciphered.A Cattle Cell Landscape database(http://cattlecelllandscape.zju.edu.cn)was established to elaborately display the data and facilitate effective annotation of cattle cell types and subtypes for the broad research community.By measuring stemness states of epithelial cells in each tissue type,we revealed that the epithelial cells from newborn forestomach(rumen,reticulum,and omasum)were more transcriptionally indistinct and stochastic compared with the adult stage,which was in contrast to those of abomasum and intestinal tissues.The rapid forestomach development during the early life of calves was driven by epithelial progenitor-like cells with high DNA repair activities and methylation.Moreover,in the forestomach tissues of newborn calves,the Megasphaera genus was involved in regulating the transcriptional plasticity of the epithelial progenitor-like cells by DNA methylation regulation.A novel cell type,the STOML3+cell,was found to be newborn-specific.It apparently plays a crucial role in stemness maintenance of its own and cholangiocytes in the hepatic microenvironment.Our results reveal that the age-and microbiota-dependent cell stemness plasticity drives the postnatal functional maturity of ruminants.展开更多
基金Innovation 2030-Biological Breeding-Major Projects(2022ZD04014)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C04017).
文摘Background Although several cell culture systems have been developed to investigate the function of the mam-mary gland in dairy livestock,they have potential limitations,such as the loss of alveolar structure or genetic and phe-notypic differences from their native counterparts.Overcoming these challenges is crucial for lactation research.Development of protocols to establish lactating organoid of livestock represents a promising goal for the future.In this study,we developed a protocol to establish a culture system for mammary organoids in dairy goats to model the mammary gland development and lactation process.Results The organoids cultured within an extracellular matrix gel maintained a bilayer structure that closely resem-bled the native architecture of mammary tissue.The expansion of mammary organoids was significantly promoted by growth factors containing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 whereas the proliferative index of the organoids was significantly inhibited by the treatment with WNT inhibitors.Upon stimulation with a lactogenic medium containing prolactin,the mammary organoids exhibited efficient lactation,characterized by the accumu-lation of lipid droplets in the lumen space.The lactation could be sustained for more than 3 weeks.Importantly,the expression patterns of genes related to fatty acid synthesis and milk proteins in lactating organoids closely mirrored those observed in mammary tissues.These observations were confirmed by data from proteomic analysis that the bulk of milk proteins was produced in the lactating organoids.Conclusion This study is the first to establish a mammary organoid culture system modeling the mammary gland development and lactation process in ruminants.The efficient induction of lactation in ruminant mammary organoids holds promises for advancing the field of cell-based milk bio-manufacture in the food industry.
基金supported by the earmarked fund from China Agriculture Research System,Ministry of Agriculture,China(CARS-372)
文摘The effects of yeast culture and directfed microbes on the growth performance of weaner lambs was examined. Thirty-two Hu lambs with inihtial weight of 22.20 （ ±0.75 ） kg were randomly assigned to one of four treatments： basal diet without additive （control）, added with yeast culture at 15 g/head/d （YEC）, YEC plus Bacillus licheniformis preparation at 2. 3 g/head/d （YBL） or plus Clostridium butyricum preparation at 2. 3 g/head/d （YCB）. The feeding trial lasted 75 d with 15 d for adaptation. Feed intake was not influenced （P 〉0. 05） by treatment. Average daily gain of growing lambs was 102, 114, 90, and 89 g/d in control, YEC, YBL, and YCB, respectively, with no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） among treatments, but the carcass weight of YEC lambs was significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of other treatments. Total volatile fatty acids and acetate to propionate ratio in the rumen were unaffected, although the butyric acid concentration was higher （ P 〈 0.05 ） in the ru men fluid of YCB lambs compared with YEC lambs and slightly higher （ P 〉 0. 05 ） than in controls and YBL lambs. Solid-associated fungi population relative to total rumen bacteria 16S ribosomal DNA was significantly lower （ P 〈 0. 05 ） in YBL lambs （3.55） compared with those on YCB （23.12）. There was little difference in blood glucose and plasma urea-N concentrations among the treatments. Blood concentrations of creatinine and globulin were significantly higher （P 〈0.05） in YBL lambs, compared with the control and YEC-fed animals, and no difference with YCB lambs. Total protein and triglycerides in blood were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in YBL lambs, compared with controls. These serum biochemical parameters suggest that treatment increased amounts of absorbable protein but not efficiency of protein utilization and in YBL and YCB lambs. The results indicated that yeast culture improve growth performance, while little advantage could be expected from combining yeast culture with either the B. licheniformis preparation or C. butyricum preparation. More research using lower doses of B. licheniformis prepara- tion or C. butyricum preparation in combination with yeast culture is warranted.
基金financially supported by grants from the China-USA Intergovernmental Collaborative Project in S&T Innovation under the National Key R&D Program (No.2018YFE0111700,Beijing)。
文摘Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential somatic cell count(DSCC)could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy cows.This work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Results:Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were selected.The serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre-and postpartum,and milk was sampled at week 1 postpartum.Based on the DSCC in milk at week 1,cows with lower(7.4%±4.07%,n=15)and higher(83.3%±1.21%,n=15)DSCCs were selected.High DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts(P<0.05),hemoglobin(P=0.07),and hematocrit(P=0.05),higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables[reactive oxygen species(P<0.05),malondialdehyde(P<0.05),protein carbonyl(P<0.05),and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(P=0.07)],higher levels of serum and milk NETs(P<0.05)and blood-milk barrier indicators,including serumβ-casein(P=0.05)and milk immunoglobulin G2(P=0.09),than those of low DSCC cows.In addition,lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites(cholesterol and albumin)(P<0.05)and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I(P=0.09)were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC cows.Among the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters(NETs,deoxyribonuclease I andβ-casein),the area under the curve(0.973)of NETs was the highest.In addition,the sensitivity(1.00)and specificity(0.93)were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL(P<0.05).Conclusions:The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for mastitis in postpartum cows.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province Outstanding Youth Fund Project(LR23C170001)。
文摘Understanding biological mechanisms is fundamental for improving animal production and health to meet the growing demand for high-quality p rotein.As an emerging biotechnology,single-cell transcriptomics has been gradually applied in diverse aspects of animal research,offering an effective method to study the gene expression of highthroughput single cells of different tissues/organs in animals.In an unprecedented manner,researchers have identified cell type s/subtypes and their marker genes,infe rred cellular fate trajectories,and revealed cell-cell in teractions in animals using single-cell transcriptomics.In this paper,we introduce the development of single-cell technology and review the processes,advancements,and applications of single-cell transcriptomics in animal research.We summarize recent efforts using single-cell transcriptomics to obtain a more profound understanding of animal nutrition and healthe reproductive performance,genetics,and disease models in different livestock species.Moreover,the practical experience accumulated based on a large number of cases is highlighted to provide a reference for determining key factors(e.g.,sample size,cell clustering,and cell type annotation)in single-cell transcriptomics analysis.We also discuss the limitations and outlook of single-cell transcriptomics in the current stage.This paper describes the comprehensive progress of single-cell transcriptomics in animal research,offering novel insights and sustainable advancements in agricultural productivity and animal health.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation(Grant Number:31930101).
文摘Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In ani-mals,oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes,but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain unclear.Thus,the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS:none(No-HS),mild(Mild-HS),and moderate HS(Mod-HS).Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature(Ptreat<0.01)and respiration rate(Ptreat<0.01).Under Mod-HS,greater Na+(P<0.05)and lower total CO_(2),and pH(P<0.05)were observed relative to those under No-HS and Mild-HS.Oxygen concentrations in both coccygeal artery and mammary vein(Ptreat<0.01)were lower under Mod-HS than under No-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)(P<0.05)increased during Mod-HS compared with those in cows under No-HS.Malondialdehyde increased during Mod-HS,and glu-tathione peroxidase(P<0.01)increased during Mild-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.01),heme oxygenase-1(P<0.01),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(P<0.01)were greater in cows under Mod-HS than those under No-HS.Red blood cell count(P<0.01)and hemoglobin concentration(P<0.01)were lower in the coccygeal vein of dairy cows under Mild-and Mod-HS than those of cows under No-HS.Conclusions Exposure to HS negatively impacts the health status and lactation performance of dairy cows by limit-ing oxygen metabolism and transportation.However,the specific mechanism by which HS affects mammary function in cows remains unclear and requires further exploration.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0501101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31802094)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of small intestinal immune dysfunction in intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)newborn piglets and relieve this dysfunction via dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na)supplementation during the suckling period.Thirty sows(Duroc×[Landrace×Yorkshire])were selected,and 1 male newborn piglet with normal birth weight(NBW)and 1 male newborn piglet with IUGR were obtained from each sow.Among them,10 NBW and 10 IUGR newborns were euthanized without suckling.The other 20 NBW newborns were allocated to the group named NCON,which means NBW newborns fed a basic milk diet(BMD)(n=10),and the group named ND,which means NBW newborns fed BMD supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(n=10);the other 20 IUGR newborns were assigned to the group named ICON,which means IUGR newborns fed BMD(n=10),and the group named ID,which means IUGR newborns fed BMD supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(n=10).The newborns were fed BMD from 7 to 21 d of age and euthanized at 21 d of age to collect serum and small intestinal samples.The growth performance,small intestinal histological morphology and sub-organelle ultrastructure,serum immunoglobulin,small intestinal digestive enzyme activity,inflammatory cytokine level,and jejunum mRNA and protein expression of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein(NOD)/nuclear factor-k B(NF-k B)network deteriorated in the ICON group compared to that in the NCON group.The small intestinal histological morphology and suborganelle ultrastructure,serum immunoglobulin,small intestinal digestive enzyme activity,and inflammatory cytokine level improved(P<0.05)in the ID group compared to those in the ICON group.The jejunum mRNA and protein expression of the TLR4/NOD/NF-k B network improved(P<0.05)in the ID group compared to that in the ICON group.In conclusion,the activity of the TLR4/NOD/NF-k B pathway was inhibited in the IUGR newborns,which in turn led to their jejunum immune dysfunction and reduced their performance.By ingesting DMG-Na,the IUGR newborns activated the TLR4/NOD/NF-k B pathway,thereby improving their unfavorable body state during the suckling period.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32202690)Zhejiang University of Science and Technology scientific research start-up supporting funds (F701103M13).
文摘This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na).A total of 60 male newborn piglets were selected for this study.Within each litter,one normal birth weight(NBW)male piglet(1.53±0.04 kg)and two IUGR male piglets(0.76±0.06 kg)were chosen based on their birth weight.The piglets were divided into three groups for the study:NBW pigs received a PBS gavage and a common basal diet(NBW-C group),IUGR pigs received the same PBS gavage and common basal diet(IUGR-C group),and IUGR pigs received a 70-mg DMG-Na gavage along with a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1%DMG-Na(IUGR-D group).At 150 d of age,all piglets underwent euthanasia by exsanguination following electrical stunning,after which plasma,liver,and longissimus dorsi(LM)samples were promptly collected.The IUGR-D group demonstrated improvements in plasma parameters(P<0.05),with lower triglyceride and free fatty acid(FFA)values,and hormone levels(P<0.05),with lower growth hormone,insulin,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values.Restoration of lipid metabolism was observed(P<0.05),with lower triglyceride and FFA,and higher hepatic lipase and total lipase values in the liver,and lower triglyceride and FFA values in the LM.Mitochondrial ETC complexes showed increased levels(P<0.05),including higher complex III values in the liver,and higher complex I,complex III,and complex V values in the LM.Enhanced levels of energy metabolites were noted(P<0.05),with higher NAD^(+),NAD^(+)/NADH,adenosine triphosphate,and mtDNA values,and lower NADH values in the liver and LM.Additionally,meat quality parameters showed improvement(P<0.05),with higher pH 24 h and a^(*)values,and lower drip loss 48 h,L^(*),and b^(*)values.The expressions of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were upregulated(P<0.05)compared to the IUGR-C group.In conclusion,it was indicated that IUGR pigs experienced lipid metabolism disorders and diminished performance.However,supplementation with DMG-Na showed promise in mitigating these adverse physiological effects by safeguarding body tissues and modulating energy metabolism.
基金the National Key R&D Program Youth Project(2022YFD1301700)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province Out standing Youth Fund Project(LR23C170001)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002207,Beijing)the China Agriculture(Dairy)Research System(CARS-36,Beijing)the“Hundred Talents Program”Research Professor Start-up Fund of Zhejiang University.
文摘Newborn ruminants are considered functionally monogastric animals.The poor understanding of cellular differences between newborn and mature ruminants prevents the improvement of health and performance of domestic ruminants.Here,we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing on the rumen,reticulum,omasum,abomasum,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,colon,rectum,liver,salivary gland,and mammary gland from newborn and adult cattle.A comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas covering 235,941 high-quality single cells and 78 cell types was deciphered.A Cattle Cell Landscape database(http://cattlecelllandscape.zju.edu.cn)was established to elaborately display the data and facilitate effective annotation of cattle cell types and subtypes for the broad research community.By measuring stemness states of epithelial cells in each tissue type,we revealed that the epithelial cells from newborn forestomach(rumen,reticulum,and omasum)were more transcriptionally indistinct and stochastic compared with the adult stage,which was in contrast to those of abomasum and intestinal tissues.The rapid forestomach development during the early life of calves was driven by epithelial progenitor-like cells with high DNA repair activities and methylation.Moreover,in the forestomach tissues of newborn calves,the Megasphaera genus was involved in regulating the transcriptional plasticity of the epithelial progenitor-like cells by DNA methylation regulation.A novel cell type,the STOML3+cell,was found to be newborn-specific.It apparently plays a crucial role in stemness maintenance of its own and cholangiocytes in the hepatic microenvironment.Our results reveal that the age-and microbiota-dependent cell stemness plasticity drives the postnatal functional maturity of ruminants.
