The production of transgenic farm animals(e.g., cattle) via genome engineering for the gain or loss of gene functions is an important undertaking. In the initial stages of genome engineering, DNA micro-injection into ...The production of transgenic farm animals(e.g., cattle) via genome engineering for the gain or loss of gene functions is an important undertaking. In the initial stages of genome engineering, DNA micro-injection into one-cell stage embryos(zygotes) followed by embryo transfer into a recipient was performed because of the ease of the procedure.However, as this approach resulted in severe mosaicism and has a low efficiency, it is not typically employed in the cattle as priority, unlike in mice. To overcome the above issue with micro-injection in cattle, somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) was introduced and successfully used to produce cloned livestock. The application of SCNT for the production of transgenic livestock represents a significant advancement, but its development speed is relatively slow because of abnormal reprogramming and low gene targeting efficiency. Recent genome editing technologies(e.g.,ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR-Cas9) have been rapidly adapted for applications in cattle and great results have been achieved in several fields such as disease models and bioreactors. In the future, genome engineering technologies wil accelerate our understanding of genetic traits in bovine and wil be readily adapted for bio-medical applications in cattle.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract(GS) on initial anti-obesity, liver injury, and glucose homeostasis induced by a high-fat diet(HFD). Methods: The dry powder of GS was extracted with me...Objective: To investigate the effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract(GS) on initial anti-obesity, liver injury, and glucose homeostasis induced by a high-fat diet(HFD). Methods: The dry powder of GS was extracted with methanol, and gymnemic acid was identified by high performance liquid chromatography as deacyl gymnemic acid. Male C57BL/6J mice that fed on either a normal diet, normal diet containing 1 g/kg GS(CON+GS) HFD, or HFD containing 1.0 g/kg GS(HFD+GS) for 4 weeks were used to test the initial anti-obesity effect of GS. Body weight gain and food intake, and serum levels about lipid and liver injury markers were measured. Histopathology of adipose tissue and liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) and oil-red O were analyzed. After 4 weeks of GS extract feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT) was performed. Results: The methanol extracts of GS exerted significant anti-obesity effects in HFD+GS group. They decreased body weight gain, a lower food and energy efficiency ratio, and showed lower serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein(VLDL)-cholesterol and leptin compared with the HFD group. The decreases of abdominal as well as epididymal fat weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid droplets in liver, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) were also observed. The CON+GS group showed an effect of glucose homeostasis compared to the CON group. Conclusions: This study shows that GS provide the possibility as a key role in an initial anti-obesity effects feeding with a HFD.展开更多
Background:Myogenic transdifferentiation can be accomplished through ectopic MYOD1 expression,which is facilitated by various signaling pathways associated with myogenesis.In this study,we attempted to transdifferenti...Background:Myogenic transdifferentiation can be accomplished through ectopic MYOD1 expression,which is facilitated by various signaling pathways associated with myogenesis.In this study,we attempted to transdifferentiate pig embryonic fibroblasts(PEFs)myogenically into skeletal muscle through overexpression of the pig MYOD1 gene and modulation of the FGF,TGF-β,WNT,and cAMP signaling pathways.Results:The MYOD1 overexpression vector was constructed based on comparative sequence analysis,demonstrating that pig MYOD1 has evolutionarily conserved domains across various species.Although forced MYOD1 expression through these vectors triggered the expression of endogenous muscle markers,transdifferentiated muscle cells from fibroblasts were not observed.Therefore,various signaling molecules,including FGF2,SB431542,CHIR99021,and forskolin,along with MYOD1 overexpression were applied to enhance the myogenic reprogramming.The modified conditions led to the derivation of myotubes and activation of muscle markers in PEFs,as determined by qPCR and immunostaining.Notably,a sarcomere-like structure was observed,indicating that terminally differentiated skeletal muscle could be obtained from transdifferentiated cells.Conclusions:In summary,we established a protocol for reprogramming MYOD1-overexpressing PEFs into the mature skeletal muscle using signaling molecules.Our myogenic reprogramming can be used as a cell source for muscle disease models in regenerative medicine and the production of cultured meat in cellular agriculture.展开更多
Heading date and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine rice adaptation to a wide range of geographic environments. By quantitative trait locus （QTL） mapping and candidate gene analysis using ...Heading date and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine rice adaptation to a wide range of geographic environments. By quantitative trait locus （QTL） mapping and candidate gene analysis using whole- genome re-sequencing, we found that Oryza sativa Pseudo-Response Regulator37 （OsPRR37; hereafter PRR37） is respon- sible for the Early heading7-2 （EH7-2）/Heading date2 （Hd2） QTL which was identified from a cross of late-heading rice ＇Milyang23 （M23）＇ and early-heading rice ＇H143＇. H143 contains a missense mutation of an invariantly conserved amino acid in the CCT （CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1） domain of PRR37 protein. In the world rice collection, different types of nonfunctional PRR37 alleles were found in many European and Asian rice cultivars. Notably, the japonica varieties harboring nonfunctional alleles of both Ghd7/Hd4 and PRR37/Hd2 flower extremely early under natural long-day condi- tions, and are adapted to the northernmost regions of rice cultivation, up to 53~ N latitude. Genetic analysis revealed that the effects of PRR37 and Ghd7 alleles on heading date are additive, and PRR37 down-regulates Hd3a expression to suppress flowering under long-day conditions. Our results demonstrate that natural variations in PRR37/Hd2 and GhdT/ Hd4 have contributed to the expansion of rice cultivation to temperate and cooler regions.展开更多
L-Lysine,an essential amino acid,is often produced in the granular form of L-lysine-monohydrochloride(L-lysine-HCl).To address chemical waste and processing cost concerns associated with the production of L-lysine-HCl...L-Lysine,an essential amino acid,is often produced in the granular form of L-lysine-monohydrochloride(L-lysine-HCl).To address chemical waste and processing cost concerns associated with the production of L-lysine-HCl granules,an alternative process has been recently developed for the production of L-lysine as granules of L-lysine-carbonate(L-lysine-CO_(3)).In the present study,the moisture sorption,thermal,and caking properties of L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were investigated in comparison with commercial L-lysine-HCl granules.L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules showed a popcorn-like surface structure(59.0%crystallinity),while L-lysine-HCl granules exhibited an angular crystalline structure(72.9%crystallinity).L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules had a less compact structure than L-lysine-HCl granules and showed excellent initial flowability comparable to L-lysine-HCl granules.L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules were more hygroscopic than L-lysine-HCl granules,probably due to their lower crystallinity and less compact structure.L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules began to undergo thermal decomposition at 192℃,probably due to CO_(2) release,followed by melting at 234℃ and further decomposition,while L-lysine-HCl granules underwent melting at 251℃,and then began to undergo thermal decomposition at 260℃.No glass transition was observed for either lysine-CO_(3) or L-lysine-HCl granules.Storage test under pressurized and accelerated conditions showed that L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were more prone to caking and formed harder agglomerates than L-lysine-HCl granules.The results showed that L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were more hygroscopic,less thermally stable,and more prone to caking,compared to commercial L-lysine-HCl granules.However,these properties of L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were at acceptable levels for commercial use,thus L-lysine-CO_(3) granules have high potential for commercial development.展开更多
Dominant resistance gene(R-gene)-mediated resistance precisely targets specific pathogens,but short-term overcoming of R-gene-mediated resistance is highly possible for viral pathogens with high evolutionary capacity(...Dominant resistance gene(R-gene)-mediated resistance precisely targets specific pathogens,but short-term overcoming of R-gene-mediated resistance is highly possible for viral pathogens with high evolutionary capacity(Elena et al.,2014).Furthermore,deploying R-gene-based resistance to control pathogens is limited by the presence of diverse pathogen variants in crop fields.Therefore,exploring strategies to achieve durable and broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens is imperative.展开更多
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2017R1A2B3004972)IPET(No.109023–05-5-CG000)The BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research
文摘The production of transgenic farm animals(e.g., cattle) via genome engineering for the gain or loss of gene functions is an important undertaking. In the initial stages of genome engineering, DNA micro-injection into one-cell stage embryos(zygotes) followed by embryo transfer into a recipient was performed because of the ease of the procedure.However, as this approach resulted in severe mosaicism and has a low efficiency, it is not typically employed in the cattle as priority, unlike in mice. To overcome the above issue with micro-injection in cattle, somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) was introduced and successfully used to produce cloned livestock. The application of SCNT for the production of transgenic livestock represents a significant advancement, but its development speed is relatively slow because of abnormal reprogramming and low gene targeting efficiency. Recent genome editing technologies(e.g.,ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR-Cas9) have been rapidly adapted for applications in cattle and great results have been achieved in several fields such as disease models and bioreactors. In the future, genome engineering technologies wil accelerate our understanding of genetic traits in bovine and wil be readily adapted for bio-medical applications in cattle.
基金supported by the Bio-Synergy Research Project(NRF-2012M3A9C4048819)of the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning through the National Research Foundation
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract(GS) on initial anti-obesity, liver injury, and glucose homeostasis induced by a high-fat diet(HFD). Methods: The dry powder of GS was extracted with methanol, and gymnemic acid was identified by high performance liquid chromatography as deacyl gymnemic acid. Male C57BL/6J mice that fed on either a normal diet, normal diet containing 1 g/kg GS(CON+GS) HFD, or HFD containing 1.0 g/kg GS(HFD+GS) for 4 weeks were used to test the initial anti-obesity effect of GS. Body weight gain and food intake, and serum levels about lipid and liver injury markers were measured. Histopathology of adipose tissue and liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) and oil-red O were analyzed. After 4 weeks of GS extract feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT) was performed. Results: The methanol extracts of GS exerted significant anti-obesity effects in HFD+GS group. They decreased body weight gain, a lower food and energy efficiency ratio, and showed lower serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein(VLDL)-cholesterol and leptin compared with the HFD group. The decreases of abdominal as well as epididymal fat weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid droplets in liver, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) were also observed. The CON+GS group showed an effect of glucose homeostasis compared to the CON group. Conclusions: This study shows that GS provide the possibility as a key role in an initial anti-obesity effects feeding with a HFD.
基金supported by the BK21 Four program,the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT,20012411)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(2021R1A2C4001837).
文摘Background:Myogenic transdifferentiation can be accomplished through ectopic MYOD1 expression,which is facilitated by various signaling pathways associated with myogenesis.In this study,we attempted to transdifferentiate pig embryonic fibroblasts(PEFs)myogenically into skeletal muscle through overexpression of the pig MYOD1 gene and modulation of the FGF,TGF-β,WNT,and cAMP signaling pathways.Results:The MYOD1 overexpression vector was constructed based on comparative sequence analysis,demonstrating that pig MYOD1 has evolutionarily conserved domains across various species.Although forced MYOD1 expression through these vectors triggered the expression of endogenous muscle markers,transdifferentiated muscle cells from fibroblasts were not observed.Therefore,various signaling molecules,including FGF2,SB431542,CHIR99021,and forskolin,along with MYOD1 overexpression were applied to enhance the myogenic reprogramming.The modified conditions led to the derivation of myotubes and activation of muscle markers in PEFs,as determined by qPCR and immunostaining.Notably,a sarcomere-like structure was observed,indicating that terminally differentiated skeletal muscle could be obtained from transdifferentiated cells.Conclusions:In summary,we established a protocol for reprogramming MYOD1-overexpressing PEFs into the mature skeletal muscle using signaling molecules.Our myogenic reprogramming can be used as a cell source for muscle disease models in regenerative medicine and the production of cultured meat in cellular agriculture.
文摘Heading date and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine rice adaptation to a wide range of geographic environments. By quantitative trait locus （QTL） mapping and candidate gene analysis using whole- genome re-sequencing, we found that Oryza sativa Pseudo-Response Regulator37 （OsPRR37; hereafter PRR37） is respon- sible for the Early heading7-2 （EH7-2）/Heading date2 （Hd2） QTL which was identified from a cross of late-heading rice ＇Milyang23 （M23）＇ and early-heading rice ＇H143＇. H143 contains a missense mutation of an invariantly conserved amino acid in the CCT （CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1） domain of PRR37 protein. In the world rice collection, different types of nonfunctional PRR37 alleles were found in many European and Asian rice cultivars. Notably, the japonica varieties harboring nonfunctional alleles of both Ghd7/Hd4 and PRR37/Hd2 flower extremely early under natural long-day condi- tions, and are adapted to the northernmost regions of rice cultivation, up to 53~ N latitude. Genetic analysis revealed that the effects of PRR37 and Ghd7 alleles on heading date are additive, and PRR37 down-regulates Hd3a expression to suppress flowering under long-day conditions. Our results demonstrate that natural variations in PRR37/Hd2 and GhdT/ Hd4 have contributed to the expansion of rice cultivation to temperate and cooler regions.
基金supported by the CJ BIO Research Institute,CJ Cheil-Jedang,Republic of Korea.
文摘L-Lysine,an essential amino acid,is often produced in the granular form of L-lysine-monohydrochloride(L-lysine-HCl).To address chemical waste and processing cost concerns associated with the production of L-lysine-HCl granules,an alternative process has been recently developed for the production of L-lysine as granules of L-lysine-carbonate(L-lysine-CO_(3)).In the present study,the moisture sorption,thermal,and caking properties of L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were investigated in comparison with commercial L-lysine-HCl granules.L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules showed a popcorn-like surface structure(59.0%crystallinity),while L-lysine-HCl granules exhibited an angular crystalline structure(72.9%crystallinity).L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules had a less compact structure than L-lysine-HCl granules and showed excellent initial flowability comparable to L-lysine-HCl granules.L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules were more hygroscopic than L-lysine-HCl granules,probably due to their lower crystallinity and less compact structure.L-Lysine-CO_(3) granules began to undergo thermal decomposition at 192℃,probably due to CO_(2) release,followed by melting at 234℃ and further decomposition,while L-lysine-HCl granules underwent melting at 251℃,and then began to undergo thermal decomposition at 260℃.No glass transition was observed for either lysine-CO_(3) or L-lysine-HCl granules.Storage test under pressurized and accelerated conditions showed that L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were more prone to caking and formed harder agglomerates than L-lysine-HCl granules.The results showed that L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were more hygroscopic,less thermally stable,and more prone to caking,compared to commercial L-lysine-HCl granules.However,these properties of L-lysine-CO_(3) granules were at acceptable levels for commercial use,thus L-lysine-CO_(3) granules have high potential for commercial development.
基金supported by a grant from Basic Science Research Program(NRF-2022R1A2C1004728)funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea。
文摘Dominant resistance gene(R-gene)-mediated resistance precisely targets specific pathogens,but short-term overcoming of R-gene-mediated resistance is highly possible for viral pathogens with high evolutionary capacity(Elena et al.,2014).Furthermore,deploying R-gene-based resistance to control pathogens is limited by the presence of diverse pathogen variants in crop fields.Therefore,exploring strategies to achieve durable and broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens is imperative.
