The endemic Philippine crocodile （Crocodylus mindorensis） is a relatively small, critically endangered fresh-water crocodile. In a head start program, crocodile hatchlings are caught in the wild, reared in captivity...The endemic Philippine crocodile （Crocodylus mindorensis） is a relatively small, critically endangered fresh-water crocodile. In a head start program, crocodile hatchlings are caught in the wild, reared in captivity, and released back into the wild after two years. The current study aimed to determine optimal rearing strategies of Philippine crocodile hatchlings, including identification of possible diseases during rearing, and studying the effect of ages on natural antibody （NAb） levels. Thirty Philippine crocodiles were divided into two groups, half were reared with a hiding board, and half without the hiding board. Both groups received three different kinds of diets： meat, shrimp, or a combination of both. Saliva samples of the crocodiles were taken three times over a period of three months to test for NAb levels. Saliva samples were also taken from older crocodiles and crocodiles from different locations. NAb titres were compared to sheep red blood cells. Each time saliva samples were taken, a health check was done. The results showed that crocodiles would prefer the hiding board, and neither housing nor diet could affect the level of NAb titres in saliva. A positive correlation was found between NAb titres and body size, weight and age. Wild hatchlings had higher NAb titres than the hatchlings born in captivity, but the difference diminished with ageing. Five different diseases were found.展开更多
Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide.Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and van...Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide.Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months.To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms,the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom.The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria,Planktothrix and Microcystis,dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016,which is less mentioned in previous studies.When the temperature of the water began increasing in July,Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M.aeruginosa in NO3^−-rich conditions.Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August.Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system.Besides,species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms,especially the prokaryotes,also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis.The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature,TDN forms as well as the species interactions.These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.展开更多
The addition of nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising technology for the in situ remediation of soil.Unfortunately,the mobility and,consequently,the reactivity of nZVI particles in contaminated areas decrease due ...The addition of nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising technology for the in situ remediation of soil.Unfortunately,the mobility and,consequently,the reactivity of nZVI particles in contaminated areas decrease due to their rapid aggregation.In this study,we determined how nZVI particles can be stabilized using different types of biochar(BC)as a support(BC@nZVI).In addition,we investigated the transport behavior of the synthesized BC@nZVI particles in a column filled with porous media and their effectiveness in the removal of BDE209(decabromodiphenyl ether)from soil.The characterization results of N2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area analyses,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)indicated that nZVI was successfully loaded into the BC.The sedimentation test results and the experimental breakthrough curves indicated that all of the BC@nZVI composites manifested better stability and mobility than did the bare-nZVI particles,and the transport capacity of the particles increased with increasing flow velocity and porous medium size.Furthermore,the maximum concentrations of the column effluent for bagasse-BC@nZVI(B-BC@nZVI)were 19%,37%and 48%higher than those for rice straw-BC@nZVI(R-BC@nZVI),wood chips-BC@nZVI(W-BC@nZVI)and corn stalks-BC@nZVI(C-BC@nZVI),respectively.A similar order was found for the removal and debromination efficiency of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE209)by the aforementioned particles.Overall,the attachment of nZVI particles to BC significantly increased the reactivity,stability and mobility of B-BC@nZVI yielded,and nZVI the best performance.展开更多
Micro-and nano-plastics(MNPs)pollution has become a pressing global environmental issue,with growing concerns regarding its impact on human health.However,evidence on the effects of MNPs on human health remains limite...Micro-and nano-plastics(MNPs)pollution has become a pressing global environmental issue,with growing concerns regarding its impact on human health.However,evidence on the effects of MNPs on human health remains limited.This paper reviews the three routes of human exposure to MNPs,which include ingestion,inhalation,and dermal contact.It further discusses the potential routes of translocation of MNPs in human lungs,intestines,and skin,analyses the potential impact of MNPs on the homeostasis of human organ systems,and provides an outlook on future research priorities for MNPs in human health.There is growing evidence that MNPs are present in human tissues or fluids.Lab studies,including in vivo animal models and in vitro human-derived cell cultures,revealed that MNPs exposure could negatively affect human health.MNPs exposure could cause oxidative stress,cytotoxicity,disruption of internal barriers like the intestinal,the air–blood and the placental barrier,tissue damage,as well as immune homeostasis imbalance,endocrine disruption,and reproductive and developmental toxicity.Limitedly available epidemiological studies suggest that disorders like lung nodules,asthma,and blood thrombus might be caused or exacerbated by MNPs exposure.However,direct evidence for the effects of MNPs on human health is still scarce,and future research in this area is needed to provide quantitative support for assessing the risk of MNPs to human health.展开更多
Observed effects of metal mixtures on animals and plants often differ from the estimates, which are commonly calculated by adding up the biological responses of individual metals. This difference from additivity is co...Observed effects of metal mixtures on animals and plants often differ from the estimates, which are commonly calculated by adding up the biological responses of individual metals. This difference from additivity is commonly referred to as being a consequence of specific interactions between metals. The science of how to quantify metal interactions and whether to include them in risk assessment models is in its infancy. This review summarizes the existing predictive tools for evaluating the combined toxicity of metals present in mixtures and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We intend to provide eco-toxicologists with background information on how to make good use of the tools and how to advance the methods for assessing toxicity of metal mixtures, It is concluded that statistically significant deviations from additivity are not necessarily biologically relevant. Incorporation of interactions between metals in a model does not on forehand mean that the model is more accurate than a model developed based on additivity only. It is recommended to first use a relatively simple method for effect prediction of uninvestigated metal mixtures. To improve the reliability of toxicity modeling for metal mixtures, further efforts should focus on balancing the relationship between the significance of statistics and the biological meaning, and unraveling the toxicity mechanisms of metals and their mixtures.展开更多
1 Pathogenic soil microbes:an issue of international concern The current Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and previous H1N1 and SARS epidemics,were not completely accidental.The transfer of viruses and other...1 Pathogenic soil microbes:an issue of international concern The current Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and previous H1N1 and SARS epidemics,were not completely accidental.The transfer of viruses and other microorganisms among humans,animals,plants,and environmental compartments(e.g.,soil or water)is a common natural phenomenon(Zhu et al.,2017;Zhu et al.,2020),but the frequencies of disease epidemics and pandemics have been increasing(Wu,2017;Zhang and Gao,2018).Agricultural intensification is postulated to be one of the most pervasive factors exacerbating these problems in the 20-first century(Foley et al.,2011).Current agricultural practices disturb the microbial world,accelerate the evolution of pathogen resistance and virulence,and together with host-range expansions and host jumps contribute to severe outbreaks of disease(Vannier et al.,2019).展开更多
Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of aquatic remote sensing,originating from sources such as sensor noise,atmospheric variability,and human error.Although many studies have advanced the understanding of uncertainty,it...Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of aquatic remote sensing,originating from sources such as sensor noise,atmospheric variability,and human error.Although many studies have advanced the understanding of uncertainty,it is still not incorporated routinely into aquatic remote sensing research.Neglecting uncertainty can lead to misinterpretations of results,missed opportunities for innovative research,and a limited understanding of complex aquatic systems.In this article,we demonstrate how working with uncertainty can advance remote sensing through three examples:validation and match-up analysis,targeted improvement of data products,and decision-making based on information acquired through remote sensing.We advocate for a change of perspective:the uncertainty inherent in aquatic remote sensing should be embraced,rather than viewed as a limitation.Focusing on uncertainty not only leads to more accurate and reliable results but also paves the way for innovation through novel insights,product improvements,and more informed decision-making in the management and preservation of aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
文摘The endemic Philippine crocodile （Crocodylus mindorensis） is a relatively small, critically endangered fresh-water crocodile. In a head start program, crocodile hatchlings are caught in the wild, reared in captivity, and released back into the wild after two years. The current study aimed to determine optimal rearing strategies of Philippine crocodile hatchlings, including identification of possible diseases during rearing, and studying the effect of ages on natural antibody （NAb） levels. Thirty Philippine crocodiles were divided into two groups, half were reared with a hiding board, and half without the hiding board. Both groups received three different kinds of diets： meat, shrimp, or a combination of both. Saliva samples of the crocodiles were taken three times over a period of three months to test for NAb levels. Saliva samples were also taken from older crocodiles and crocodiles from different locations. NAb titres were compared to sheep red blood cells. Each time saliva samples were taken, a health check was done. The results showed that crocodiles would prefer the hiding board, and neither housing nor diet could affect the level of NAb titres in saliva. A positive correlation was found between NAb titres and body size, weight and age. Wild hatchlings had higher NAb titres than the hatchlings born in captivity, but the difference diminished with ageing. Five different diseases were found.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21577128,21777144)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT17R97)。
文摘Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide.Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months.To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms,the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom.The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria,Planktothrix and Microcystis,dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016,which is less mentioned in previous studies.When the temperature of the water began increasing in July,Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M.aeruginosa in NO3^−-rich conditions.Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August.Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen(TDN)form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system.Besides,species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms,especially the prokaryotes,also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis.The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature,TDN forms as well as the species interactions.These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1802802)the Guangdong Technology Research Center for Ecological Management and Remediation of Water Systems(2014B090904077).
文摘The addition of nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising technology for the in situ remediation of soil.Unfortunately,the mobility and,consequently,the reactivity of nZVI particles in contaminated areas decrease due to their rapid aggregation.In this study,we determined how nZVI particles can be stabilized using different types of biochar(BC)as a support(BC@nZVI).In addition,we investigated the transport behavior of the synthesized BC@nZVI particles in a column filled with porous media and their effectiveness in the removal of BDE209(decabromodiphenyl ether)from soil.The characterization results of N2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area analyses,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)indicated that nZVI was successfully loaded into the BC.The sedimentation test results and the experimental breakthrough curves indicated that all of the BC@nZVI composites manifested better stability and mobility than did the bare-nZVI particles,and the transport capacity of the particles increased with increasing flow velocity and porous medium size.Furthermore,the maximum concentrations of the column effluent for bagasse-BC@nZVI(B-BC@nZVI)were 19%,37%and 48%higher than those for rice straw-BC@nZVI(R-BC@nZVI),wood chips-BC@nZVI(W-BC@nZVI)and corn stalks-BC@nZVI(C-BC@nZVI),respectively.A similar order was found for the removal and debromination efficiency of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE209)by the aforementioned particles.Overall,the attachment of nZVI particles to BC significantly increased the reactivity,stability and mobility of B-BC@nZVI yielded,and nZVI the best performance.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22241602,41991330,and 42177039)Funding by the European Commission within the Horizon Europe funded project Plasticsfate(grant agreement number 965367)is kindly acknowledged.
文摘Micro-and nano-plastics(MNPs)pollution has become a pressing global environmental issue,with growing concerns regarding its impact on human health.However,evidence on the effects of MNPs on human health remains limited.This paper reviews the three routes of human exposure to MNPs,which include ingestion,inhalation,and dermal contact.It further discusses the potential routes of translocation of MNPs in human lungs,intestines,and skin,analyses the potential impact of MNPs on the homeostasis of human organ systems,and provides an outlook on future research priorities for MNPs in human health.There is growing evidence that MNPs are present in human tissues or fluids.Lab studies,including in vivo animal models and in vitro human-derived cell cultures,revealed that MNPs exposure could negatively affect human health.MNPs exposure could cause oxidative stress,cytotoxicity,disruption of internal barriers like the intestinal,the air–blood and the placental barrier,tissue damage,as well as immune homeostasis imbalance,endocrine disruption,and reproductive and developmental toxicity.Limitedly available epidemiological studies suggest that disorders like lung nodules,asthma,and blood thrombus might be caused or exacerbated by MNPs exposure.However,direct evidence for the effects of MNPs on human health is still scarce,and future research in this area is needed to provide quantitative support for assessing the risk of MNPs to human health.
文摘Observed effects of metal mixtures on animals and plants often differ from the estimates, which are commonly calculated by adding up the biological responses of individual metals. This difference from additivity is commonly referred to as being a consequence of specific interactions between metals. The science of how to quantify metal interactions and whether to include them in risk assessment models is in its infancy. This review summarizes the existing predictive tools for evaluating the combined toxicity of metals present in mixtures and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We intend to provide eco-toxicologists with background information on how to make good use of the tools and how to advance the methods for assessing toxicity of metal mixtures, It is concluded that statistically significant deviations from additivity are not necessarily biologically relevant. Incorporation of interactions between metals in a model does not on forehand mean that the model is more accurate than a model developed based on additivity only. It is recommended to first use a relatively simple method for effect prediction of uninvestigated metal mixtures. To improve the reliability of toxicity modeling for metal mixtures, further efforts should focus on balancing the relationship between the significance of statistics and the biological meaning, and unraveling the toxicity mechanisms of metals and their mixtures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41907210,21777144,21976161).
文摘1 Pathogenic soil microbes:an issue of international concern The current Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and previous H1N1 and SARS epidemics,were not completely accidental.The transfer of viruses and other microorganisms among humans,animals,plants,and environmental compartments(e.g.,soil or water)is a common natural phenomenon(Zhu et al.,2017;Zhu et al.,2020),but the frequencies of disease epidemics and pandemics have been increasing(Wu,2017;Zhang and Gao,2018).Agricultural intensification is postulated to be one of the most pervasive factors exacerbating these problems in the 20-first century(Foley et al.,2011).Current agricultural practices disturb the microbial world,accelerate the evolution of pathogen resistance and virulence,and together with host-range expansions and host jumps contribute to severe outbreaks of disease(Vannier et al.,2019).
基金funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant agreement no.200021_204783(Lake3P).
文摘Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of aquatic remote sensing,originating from sources such as sensor noise,atmospheric variability,and human error.Although many studies have advanced the understanding of uncertainty,it is still not incorporated routinely into aquatic remote sensing research.Neglecting uncertainty can lead to misinterpretations of results,missed opportunities for innovative research,and a limited understanding of complex aquatic systems.In this article,we demonstrate how working with uncertainty can advance remote sensing through three examples:validation and match-up analysis,targeted improvement of data products,and decision-making based on information acquired through remote sensing.We advocate for a change of perspective:the uncertainty inherent in aquatic remote sensing should be embraced,rather than viewed as a limitation.Focusing on uncertainty not only leads to more accurate and reliable results but also paves the way for innovation through novel insights,product improvements,and more informed decision-making in the management and preservation of aquatic ecosystems.
