Light and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to study the epidermal lateral line system of the Si-berian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869).This system consists of mechanoreceptive neuromasts,ampul-lae and...Light and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to study the epidermal lateral line system of the Si-berian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869).This system consists of mechanoreceptive neuromasts,ampul-lae and the electroreceptive organ.The neuromasts are located in 5 pairs of cephalic and 1 pair of trunk canals and superficially in the middle and posterior pit lines that lie dorsomedially along the top of the skull immedi-ately adjacent to the otic ampullae field.Both canal neuromasts and pit organ superficial neuromasts have oppo-site polarized hair cells that are parallel along the axis of the canal and pit line,respectively.However,they dif-fer in both size and shape and in the density and length of the hair bundles.The ampullae are confined on the head,adjacent to the neuromast lines.The morphological structure of the ampullae in the Siberian sturgeon is similar to the ampullae in elasmobranchs and other primitive fish.Nevertheless,it has a relatively large mucus-filled ampulla,and a shorter and narrower canal leading to a small opening to the outer epidermal surface.We also present new information concerning the peripheral innervation of lateral line receptors in sturgeons.The re-ceptors of the lateral line system are innervated by 2 pairs of cranial nerves:anterior and posterior lateral line nerves.The peripheral processes of the anterior lateral line nerve form superficial ophthalmic,buccal,otic and anteroventral rami.The peripheral processes of the posterior lateral line nerve form middle,supratemporal and lateral rami.展开更多
This special issue of Integrative Zoology(the official journal of the International Society of Zoological Sciences and the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)is dedicated to the sensory world of fish and...This special issue of Integrative Zoology(the official journal of the International Society of Zoological Sciences and the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)is dedicated to the sensory world of fish and fisheries and the impacts of human activities.The papers in this issue are the outcome of an international conference that was held at the Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences,College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai,China from 29 October to 1 November 2012.The conference was generously sponsored by The Shanghai Ocean University,The University of Maryland and The University of Western Australia.展开更多
The electro-receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish.Sturgeons,members of the primitive Chondrostei group,are known for their electroreceptors(ampullae of Lorenzini)on the head,...The electro-receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish.Sturgeons,members of the primitive Chondrostei group,are known for their electroreceptors(ampullae of Lorenzini)on the head,which are thought to be sensitive to weak electric fields in aquatic environments and involved in feeding,mating and migration.Here,we report the results of a set of behavioral and electrophysiological experiments designed to determine the function and characteristics of the electrosense in cultured sturgeons.The results showed Sibe-rian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869)feeding striking at bio-electric fields produced by living feed-fish enclosed in a gel chamber and at the corrosion field produced by metal rods.With an electric stimulus that mim-ics the bio-electric fields produced by living prey,the relative discharge rate of electrosensory neurons in the dorsal octavolateralis nucleus(DON)was modulated by and phase-locked to sinusoidal stimulus and some units showed selectivity for dipolar direction in white sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus Richardson,1836).This is the first study to provide the empirical evidence correlating with electrosensory behaviors and electrophysiolog-ical responses in cultured sturgeons,and suggesting that electrosense does play an innate role in feeding behav-ior of sturgeon.We believe this will have important implications for protecting sturgeons in the wild.展开更多
There is growing demand for biotechniques in oceanobiological and hydrobiological studies.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)combines anatomical,immunological and biochemical techniques to identify specific antigen-antibody int...There is growing demand for biotechniques in oceanobiological and hydrobiological studies.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)combines anatomical,immunological and biochemical techniques to identify specific antigen-antibody interactions.Detecting the target antigen with labeled antibodies is a multi-step process that requires optimization at every level to maximize the signal detection.Here we use zebrafish samples and optimize each IHC step,particularly antigen retrieval,transgenic reporter double staining and background counterstaining.The resulting images with high signal intensity lead us to recommend the resulting protocols for experiments with fish.展开更多
When faced with danger,pufferfish react with both a fast-start escape response and inflation behavior.The neural basis of these stress responses in the pufferfish has not been described.The present study reveals that ...When faced with danger,pufferfish react with both a fast-start escape response and inflation behavior.The neural basis of these stress responses in the pufferfish has not been described.The present study reveals that during inflation behavior,the buccal cavity expands and compresses as a pump to control the direction of water flow and draws water in and out.The inflation involves a series of major anatomical modifications of the head.The greatly enlarged first branchiostegal ray and its associated hyohyoideus abductor muscle are the key mechanisms responsible for this behavior.The nerve branch innervating the hyohyoideus abductor muscle is highly developed,and its central origin at the motor nucleus of the VIIth cranial nerve was revealed by tract-tracing using the carbocyanine dye DiI.The central connections from its origin were found to be several motor nuclei in the medulla and the spinal cord,the nuclei of cranial nerve III and IV in the mesencephalon,and the pretectalis superficialis and periventricular preoptic nuclei in the diencephalon.Both the sympathetic cells and the parvocellular part of the periventricular preoptic nucleus might play a neuro-endocrine role in the rapid movement of the buccal cavity during puffing behavior in this species of pufferfish.The central circuit revealed by this study is hypothesized to mediate the C-start escape behavior and puffing behavior.展开更多
The skin mucus of fish acts as the first line of self-protection against pathogens in the aquatic environment and comprises a number of innate immune components.However,the presence of the critical classical complemen...The skin mucus of fish acts as the first line of self-protection against pathogens in the aquatic environment and comprises a number of innate immune components.However,the presence of the critical classical complement component C1q,which links the innate and adaptive immune systems of mammalians,has not been explored in a primitive actinopterygian fish.In this study,we report that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii).The skin mucus was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli.The bacteriostatic activity of the skin mucus was reduced by heating and by pre-incubation with EDTA or mouse anti-human C1q antibody.We also detected C1q protein in skin mucus using the western blot procedure and isolated a cDNA that encodes the Siberian sturgeon C1qC,which had 44.7–51.4%identity with C1qCs in teleosts and tetrapods.A phylogenetic analysis revealed that Siberian sturgeon C1qC lies at the root of the actinopterygian branch and is separate from the tetrapod branch.The C1qC transcript was expressed in many tissues as well as in skin.Our data indicate that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon to protect against water-borne bacteria,and the C1qC found in the sturgeon may represent the primitive form of teleost and tetrapod C1qCs.展开更多
基金supported in part by grants from the Science and Technol ogy Commission of Shanghai Municipality 073205109the National Natural Science Foundation of China 30970365,and Hydrobiology funding project S30701.
文摘Light and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to study the epidermal lateral line system of the Si-berian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869).This system consists of mechanoreceptive neuromasts,ampul-lae and the electroreceptive organ.The neuromasts are located in 5 pairs of cephalic and 1 pair of trunk canals and superficially in the middle and posterior pit lines that lie dorsomedially along the top of the skull immedi-ately adjacent to the otic ampullae field.Both canal neuromasts and pit organ superficial neuromasts have oppo-site polarized hair cells that are parallel along the axis of the canal and pit line,respectively.However,they dif-fer in both size and shape and in the density and length of the hair bundles.The ampullae are confined on the head,adjacent to the neuromast lines.The morphological structure of the ampullae in the Siberian sturgeon is similar to the ampullae in elasmobranchs and other primitive fish.Nevertheless,it has a relatively large mucus-filled ampulla,and a shorter and narrower canal leading to a small opening to the outer epidermal surface.We also present new information concerning the peripheral innervation of lateral line receptors in sturgeons.The re-ceptors of the lateral line system are innervated by 2 pairs of cranial nerves:anterior and posterior lateral line nerves.The peripheral processes of the anterior lateral line nerve form superficial ophthalmic,buccal,otic and anteroventral rami.The peripheral processes of the posterior lateral line nerve form middle,supratemporal and lateral rami.
文摘This special issue of Integrative Zoology(the official journal of the International Society of Zoological Sciences and the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences)is dedicated to the sensory world of fish and fisheries and the impacts of human activities.The papers in this issue are the outcome of an international conference that was held at the Institute for Marine Biosystem and Neurosciences,College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai,China from 29 October to 1 November 2012.The conference was generously sponsored by The Shanghai Ocean University,The University of Maryland and The University of Western Australia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970365)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality of China(073205109)by hydrobiology funding project S30701 and the Excellent Graduate Students Theses Cultivation Program of Shang-hai Municipality.
文摘The electro-receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish.Sturgeons,members of the primitive Chondrostei group,are known for their electroreceptors(ampullae of Lorenzini)on the head,which are thought to be sensitive to weak electric fields in aquatic environments and involved in feeding,mating and migration.Here,we report the results of a set of behavioral and electrophysiological experiments designed to determine the function and characteristics of the electrosense in cultured sturgeons.The results showed Sibe-rian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii Brandt,1869)feeding striking at bio-electric fields produced by living feed-fish enclosed in a gel chamber and at the corrosion field produced by metal rods.With an electric stimulus that mim-ics the bio-electric fields produced by living prey,the relative discharge rate of electrosensory neurons in the dorsal octavolateralis nucleus(DON)was modulated by and phase-locked to sinusoidal stimulus and some units showed selectivity for dipolar direction in white sturgeon(Acipenser transmontanus Richardson,1836).This is the first study to provide the empirical evidence correlating with electrosensory behaviors and electrophysiolog-ical responses in cultured sturgeons,and suggesting that electrosense does play an innate role in feeding behav-ior of sturgeon.We believe this will have important implications for protecting sturgeons in the wild.
基金This work was supported in part by the International Cooperation Initiative Program of Shanghai Ocean University(A2302110002)to J.YanShanghai Universities Firstclass Disciplines Project of Fisheries.
文摘There is growing demand for biotechniques in oceanobiological and hydrobiological studies.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)combines anatomical,immunological and biochemical techniques to identify specific antigen-antibody interactions.Detecting the target antigen with labeled antibodies is a multi-step process that requires optimization at every level to maximize the signal detection.Here we use zebrafish samples and optimize each IHC step,particularly antigen retrieval,transgenic reporter double staining and background counterstaining.The resulting images with high signal intensity lead us to recommend the resulting protocols for experiments with fish.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30970365).
文摘When faced with danger,pufferfish react with both a fast-start escape response and inflation behavior.The neural basis of these stress responses in the pufferfish has not been described.The present study reveals that during inflation behavior,the buccal cavity expands and compresses as a pump to control the direction of water flow and draws water in and out.The inflation involves a series of major anatomical modifications of the head.The greatly enlarged first branchiostegal ray and its associated hyohyoideus abductor muscle are the key mechanisms responsible for this behavior.The nerve branch innervating the hyohyoideus abductor muscle is highly developed,and its central origin at the motor nucleus of the VIIth cranial nerve was revealed by tract-tracing using the carbocyanine dye DiI.The central connections from its origin were found to be several motor nuclei in the medulla and the spinal cord,the nuclei of cranial nerve III and IV in the mesencephalon,and the pretectalis superficialis and periventricular preoptic nuclei in the diencephalon.Both the sympathetic cells and the parvocellular part of the periventricular preoptic nucleus might play a neuro-endocrine role in the rapid movement of the buccal cavity during puffing behavior in this species of pufferfish.The central circuit revealed by this study is hypothesized to mediate the C-start escape behavior and puffing behavior.
基金supported by the Shanghai Universities First-class Disciplines Project of Fisheries and Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(12YZ129).
文摘The skin mucus of fish acts as the first line of self-protection against pathogens in the aquatic environment and comprises a number of innate immune components.However,the presence of the critical classical complement component C1q,which links the innate and adaptive immune systems of mammalians,has not been explored in a primitive actinopterygian fish.In this study,we report that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baerii).The skin mucus was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli.The bacteriostatic activity of the skin mucus was reduced by heating and by pre-incubation with EDTA or mouse anti-human C1q antibody.We also detected C1q protein in skin mucus using the western blot procedure and isolated a cDNA that encodes the Siberian sturgeon C1qC,which had 44.7–51.4%identity with C1qCs in teleosts and tetrapods.A phylogenetic analysis revealed that Siberian sturgeon C1qC lies at the root of the actinopterygian branch and is separate from the tetrapod branch.The C1qC transcript was expressed in many tissues as well as in skin.Our data indicate that C1q is present in the skin mucus of the Siberian sturgeon to protect against water-borne bacteria,and the C1qC found in the sturgeon may represent the primitive form of teleost and tetrapod C1qCs.
