The objective of this study was to examine the effects of potassium fertilizer (standard (S) and high (H) levels) on water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), silage fermentation, nutri...The objective of this study was to examine the effects of potassium fertilizer (standard (S) and high (H) levels) on water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), silage fermentation, nutritive values, and nutrient intake. The silage treatments were as follows: S level without inoculant (SC), S level plus inoculant (SI), H level without inoculant (HC), and H level plus inoculant (HI). The K content was increased by 14.5% in timothy grown with the H level compared with the S level. The WSC contents of the S and H treatments were 75.9 and 66.1 g·kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively. The silage fermentation quality was low with both SC and HC treatments. The addition of inoculant significantly improved the fermentation quality in SI and HI treatments. The addition increased the DM and organic matter digestibilities of silage. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of silage was highest with the HI treatment. The DM, TDN, and digestible energy intakes with the SI and HI treatments were improved compared with the SC and HC treatments, respectively. This study demonstrated negligible effects of K fertilizer levels and significant effects of the lactic acid bacteria inoculant on the fermentation quality, nutritive values, and feed intake of silage.展开更多
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of addition of inoculant to high-nitrogen (N) fertilized timothy on fermentation, nutritive value, and feed intake of silage. The silage of timothy cultivated wit...The objective of this study was to examine the effects of addition of inoculant to high-nitrogen (N) fertilized timothy on fermentation, nutritive value, and feed intake of silage. The silage of timothy cultivated with a N fertilizer rate at two levels (high level (H), standard level (S)) was prepared with (SI, HI) or without (SC, HC) an inoculants. The CP content of H increased by 38 g·kg-1 DM compared with that of S, and the WSC and ADF contents decreased compared with those of S. Regarding the fermentation of silage, the pH and NH3-N ratio was significantly lower in the silage with inoculant (SI and HI), showing improvement of the fermentation compared with those of the silage without the addition (SC and HC). The CP content was significantly higher in HC and HI than in SC and SI, and the NDF content was the lowest in HI among the four treatments. The CP digestibility of HC and HI was significantly higher than those of SC and SI. The EE digestibility of SI was significantly higher than that of SC, and that of HI was significantly higher than that of HC. The DCP contents were significantly higher in HC and HI than in SC and SI. The TDN content was the lowest in SC and highest in HI. The DCP intakes of HC and HI were significantly higher than those of SC and SI. When the N fertilizer rate was increased, the DCP content and DCP intake of the silage increased, and the addition of inoculant improved the fermentation and increased the TDN content.展开更多
The three-hinge precast arch culvert consists of two segmental precast units and three hinge points.It harnesses the passive resistance of an embankment by permitting deflection,resulting in a mechanically stable stru...The three-hinge precast arch culvert consists of two segmental precast units and three hinge points.It harnesses the passive resistance of an embankment by permitting deflection,resulting in a mechanically stable structure.However,the design of the three-hinge precast arch culvert differs from that of a conventional culvert,prompting the mechanical behavior of the culvert to become an important issue.In this study,therefore,1/5 scale model tests were conducted on a three-hinge precast arch culvert to measure the changes in the inside width and earth pressure acting on the culvert at each step in order to investigate the culvert’s mechanical behavior at each construction stage.Moreover,the deflection measurement of the culvert was obtained at the in-situ construction site.The results indicate that the arch members were displaced according to the embankment depth in a similar manner to the design load.Therefore,the horizontal earth pressure,which was larger than the earth pressure at rest,acted on the culvert at the end of its construction.展开更多
文摘The objective of this study was to examine the effects of potassium fertilizer (standard (S) and high (H) levels) on water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), silage fermentation, nutritive values, and nutrient intake. The silage treatments were as follows: S level without inoculant (SC), S level plus inoculant (SI), H level without inoculant (HC), and H level plus inoculant (HI). The K content was increased by 14.5% in timothy grown with the H level compared with the S level. The WSC contents of the S and H treatments were 75.9 and 66.1 g·kg-1 dry matter (DM), respectively. The silage fermentation quality was low with both SC and HC treatments. The addition of inoculant significantly improved the fermentation quality in SI and HI treatments. The addition increased the DM and organic matter digestibilities of silage. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of silage was highest with the HI treatment. The DM, TDN, and digestible energy intakes with the SI and HI treatments were improved compared with the SC and HC treatments, respectively. This study demonstrated negligible effects of K fertilizer levels and significant effects of the lactic acid bacteria inoculant on the fermentation quality, nutritive values, and feed intake of silage.
文摘The objective of this study was to examine the effects of addition of inoculant to high-nitrogen (N) fertilized timothy on fermentation, nutritive value, and feed intake of silage. The silage of timothy cultivated with a N fertilizer rate at two levels (high level (H), standard level (S)) was prepared with (SI, HI) or without (SC, HC) an inoculants. The CP content of H increased by 38 g·kg-1 DM compared with that of S, and the WSC and ADF contents decreased compared with those of S. Regarding the fermentation of silage, the pH and NH3-N ratio was significantly lower in the silage with inoculant (SI and HI), showing improvement of the fermentation compared with those of the silage without the addition (SC and HC). The CP content was significantly higher in HC and HI than in SC and SI, and the NDF content was the lowest in HI among the four treatments. The CP digestibility of HC and HI was significantly higher than those of SC and SI. The EE digestibility of SI was significantly higher than that of SC, and that of HI was significantly higher than that of HC. The DCP contents were significantly higher in HC and HI than in SC and SI. The TDN content was the lowest in SC and highest in HI. The DCP intakes of HC and HI were significantly higher than those of SC and SI. When the N fertilizer rate was increased, the DCP content and DCP intake of the silage increased, and the addition of inoculant improved the fermentation and increased the TDN content.
基金supported by the National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management,MLIT,Japan(grant for the research and development of technologies for improving the quality of road policies,no.24-4,2012-2015).
文摘The three-hinge precast arch culvert consists of two segmental precast units and three hinge points.It harnesses the passive resistance of an embankment by permitting deflection,resulting in a mechanically stable structure.However,the design of the three-hinge precast arch culvert differs from that of a conventional culvert,prompting the mechanical behavior of the culvert to become an important issue.In this study,therefore,1/5 scale model tests were conducted on a three-hinge precast arch culvert to measure the changes in the inside width and earth pressure acting on the culvert at each step in order to investigate the culvert’s mechanical behavior at each construction stage.Moreover,the deflection measurement of the culvert was obtained at the in-situ construction site.The results indicate that the arch members were displaced according to the embankment depth in a similar manner to the design load.Therefore,the horizontal earth pressure,which was larger than the earth pressure at rest,acted on the culvert at the end of its construction.
