[Objectives]This study was conducted to further enrich the research on saline-alkali land improvement,and explore the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis HM...[Objectives]This study was conducted to further enrich the research on saline-alkali land improvement,and explore the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis HM-3 in saline-alkali land improvement and crop growth promotion.[Methods]Wheat was planted in saline-alkali land in Huanghua City,Hebei Province,and a mixed application experiment was carried out using biological agents from Hemiao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.[Results]Compared with the field of control check(CK),water-soluble salts and pH value in the experimental fields decreased,and living bacteria count in the soil increased.Meanwhile,the economic characters of wheat in the experimental fields showed excellent performance,with yields increasing by 39.09%and 27.49%compared with the CK.It could be seen that the application of biological bacterial fertilizers achieved obvious effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing wheat yield.[Conclusions]In this study,the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers on saline-alkali land and wheat growth characters were clarified,providing some technical support and theoretical guidance for wheat planting in Huanghua saline-alkali land.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of three foliar fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality and yield of hawthorn.[Methods]Taking hawthorn foliar fertilization as the reference,the photosyntheti...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of three foliar fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality and yield of hawthorn.[Methods]Taking hawthorn foliar fertilization as the reference,the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,intercellular CO 2 concentration,stomatal conductance and single fruit weight of hawthorn leaves were measured under different concentrations of foliar fertilizer.[Results]The results showed that the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of hawthorn leaves increased significantly,while the intercellular CO 2 concentration decreased.Specifically,the fish protein peptide foliar fertilizer performed best,with net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased by 57.22%and 57.51%,respectively.All the three foliar fertilizers significantly reduced the intercellular CO 2 concentration.In addition,fertilization significantly increased the single fruit weight of hawthorn,and the effect of fermented fulvic acid foliar fertilizer was the most significant,with the highest growth rate of 68.49%.[Conclusions]Spraying foliar fertilizer significantly increased the content of Vc,titratable acid,anthocyanin and soluble solids of hawthorn fruit,among which fermented fulvic acid foliar fertilizer had the optimal effect.展开更多
A tetranuclear Ln(Ⅲ)-based complex:[Dy_(4)(dbm)_(4)(L)_(6)(μ_(3)-OH)_(2)]·CH_(3)CN(1)(HL=5-[(4-methylbenzylidene)amino]quinolin-8-ol,Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane)was manufactured and its structure was characterized in...A tetranuclear Ln(Ⅲ)-based complex:[Dy_(4)(dbm)_(4)(L)_(6)(μ_(3)-OH)_(2)]·CH_(3)CN(1)(HL=5-[(4-methylbenzylidene)amino]quinolin-8-ol,Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane)was manufactured and its structure was characterized in detail.Xray diffraction analysis shows that complex 1 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system and its space group is P2_1/n,which contains a rhombic Dy_(4)core.Magnetic measurements of 1 suggest it possesses extraordinary single-molecule magnet(SMM)behavior.Its energy barrier U_(eff)/k_(B)was 116.7 K,and the pre-exponential coefficient τ_(0)=1.05×10~(-8)s.CCDC:2359322.展开更多
Based on the Huybrechts' linear-combination operator,effects of thermal lattice vibration on the effective potential of weak-coupling bipolaron in semiconductor quantum dots are studied by using the LLP variationa...Based on the Huybrechts' linear-combination operator,effects of thermal lattice vibration on the effective potential of weak-coupling bipolaron in semiconductor quantum dots are studied by using the LLP variational method and quantum statistical theory.The results show that the absolute value of the induced potential of the bipolaron increases with increasing the electron-phonon coupling strength,but decreases with increasing the temperature and the distance of electrons,respectively;the absolute value of the effective potential increases with increasing the radius of the quantum dot,electron-phonon coupling strength and the distance of electrons,respectively,but decreases with increasing the temperature;the temperature and electron-phonon interaction have the important influence on the formation and state properties of the bipolaron:the bipolarons in the bound state are closer and more stable when the electron-phonon coupling strength is larger or the temperature is lower;the confinement potential and coulomb repulsive potential between electrons are unfavorable to the formation of bipolarons in the bound state.展开更多
OVATE family proteins(OFPs)are plant-specific proteins with a conserved OVATE domain that regulate plant growth and development.Although OFPs have been studied in several species,their biological functions remain larg...OVATE family proteins(OFPs)are plant-specific proteins with a conserved OVATE domain that regulate plant growth and development.Although OFPs have been studied in several species,their biological functions remain largely unknown in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).This study identified 19 Cs OFPs distributed on seven chromosomes in cucumber.Most Cs OFP genes were expressed in reproductive organs,but with different expression patterns.Ectopic expression of Cs OFP12-16c in Arabidopsis resulted in shorter and blunt siliques.The overall results indicated that Cs OFP12-16c regulates silique development in Arabidopsis and may have a similar function in cucumber.展开更多
Low temperature is among the most restrictive factors to limit the yield and distribution of pear. Pyrus hopeiensis is a valuable wild resource.PCA showed that P. hopeiensis had strong cold resistance. In this study, ...Low temperature is among the most restrictive factors to limit the yield and distribution of pear. Pyrus hopeiensis is a valuable wild resource.PCA showed that P. hopeiensis had strong cold resistance. In this study, the mRNA and metabolome sequencing of P. hopeiensis flower organs exposed to different low temperatures were performed to identify changes of genes and metabolites in response to low-temperature stress. A total of 4 851 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified. Trend analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in profiles 19, 18, 7, 14, 1, 4 and 11. And the KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in profile 18 were significantly enriched in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Besides, the expressed trends as well as GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses of DEGs under cold and freezing stress showed significantly difference. Analyses of flavonoid-related pathways indicated that flavonoid structural genes had undergone significant changes. Correlation analysis showed that b HLH and MYB TFs may affect flavonoid biosynthesis by regulating structural gene expression. And PhMYB308 and PhMYB330 were likely candidate repressors of flavonoid biosynthesis by binding to a specific site in bHLH proteins. In total, 92 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs) were identified in P. hopeiensis flowers including 12 flavonoids. WGCNA results showed that coral 1, pink and brown 4 modules were closely associated with flavonoids and 11 MYBs and 15 bHLHs among the three modules may activate or inhibit the expression of 23 structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Taken together, the results of this study provided a theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis and cold resistance of P. hopeiensis flower organs and our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in cold-resistant pear varieties.展开更多
Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its ...Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its effects on seed germination, seedling growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus. Drupacine inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, and had a median inhibition concentration(IC50) value of 38.99 mg L-1against A. retroflexus root. The α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in treated plants were significantly lower than that of the control. The expression of α-amylase gene was dosage-dependently inhibited compared to the untreated control. This suggested that inhibition of α-amylase activity was a mode of action on seed germination. The root hairs were significantly decreased and part of the root cap fell off after treatment with drupacine. The ultrastructure observation showed that cell damage of root tips increased with the treatment time. Drupacine also increased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the treatment compared to the control. These findings indicated that the physiological and biochemical reaction changes leading to morphological and membrane injuries were the main effects of drupacine on the inhibition of seedling growth. Drupacine can be developed as a botanical herbicide.展开更多
Several viroids in the genus Pospiviroid can infect tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and cause severe diseases,posing a serious threat to tomato production.For simultaneous detection of six tomato-infecting pospiviroids-co...Several viroids in the genus Pospiviroid can infect tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and cause severe diseases,posing a serious threat to tomato production.For simultaneous detection of six tomato-infecting pospiviroids-columnea latent viroid(CLVd),pepper chat fruit viroid(PCFVd),potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTVd),tomato apical stunt viroid(TASVd),tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid(TCDVd),and tomato planta macho viroid(TPMVd),we developed a universal probe based on a highly conserved 61 nt long sequence shared among them.Compared with their specific probes,the universal probe has a similar,though slightly reduced,detection sensitivity and has the advantages of simple and cost-effective preparation and simultaneous detection of the six pospiviroids.In addition,the universal probe was used in dot-blot hybridization assays for a large-scale survey of viroid(s)in tomato plantings in China.Only PSTVd was detected in a few greenhouse-planted tomato plants.Sequence analysis revealed that these tomato PSTVd isolates may have been introduced from tomato seeds imported from abroad.展开更多
In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the ...In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the erosion. However, the mutual influences between wind erosion and water erosion have not been fully understood. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators and simulated two rounds of alternations between wind erosion and water erosion（i.e., 1^（st） wind erosion–1^（st） water erosion and 2^（nd） wind erosion–2^（nd） water erosion） on three slopes（5°, 10°, and 15°） with six wind speeds（0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 20 m/s） and five rainfall intensities（0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm/h）. The objective was to analyze the influences of wind erosion on succeeding water erosion. Results showed that the effects of wind erosion on water erosion were not the same in the two rounds of tests. In the 1^（st） round of tests, wind erosion first restrained and then intensified water erosion mostly because the blocking effect of wind-sculpted micro-topography on surface flow was weakened with the increase in slope. In the 2^（nd） round of tests, wind erosion intensified water erosion on beds with no rills at gentle slopes and low rainfall intensities or with large-size rills at steep slopes and high rainfall intensities. Wind erosion restrained water erosion on beds with small rills at moderate slopes and moderate rainfall intensities. The effects were mainly related to the fine grain layer, rills and slope of the original bed in the 2^（nd） round of tests. The findings can deepen our understanding of complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions and provide scientific references to regional soil and water conservation.展开更多
Double-armed crown ether 15,16-bis（（4-nitrophenoxy）methyl）-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydrobenzo[b][1,4,7,10,13] pentaoxacyclopentadecine F.W. 570.54 was synthesized by dibromomethyl benzo-15-crown-5 with 4-nitrophenol...Double-armed crown ether 15,16-bis（（4-nitrophenoxy）methyl）-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydrobenzo[b][1,4,7,10,13] pentaoxacyclopentadecine F.W. 570.54 was synthesized by dibromomethyl benzo-15-crown-5 with 4-nitrophenol in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3, characterized by spectroscopic techniques and confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 12.840（4）, b = 9.425（3）, c = 22.447（7）, β = 98.128（7）° and Z = 4. The structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding of C-H···O type.展开更多
A derivative of Brevianamide F,（3 S,8 a R）-3-（（1-allyl-1 H-3-indolyl）methyl）-hexahy-dropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and confirmed by X-ray crystal stru...A derivative of Brevianamide F,（3 S,8 a R）-3-（（1-allyl-1 H-3-indolyl）methyl）-hexahy-dropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. This compound crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 9.59590（10）, b = 12.70430（10）, c = 14.5425（2） ?, V = 1772.86（3） ?3, Z = 4, μ（CuK α） = 0.712 mm-1, Dc = 1.279 g/cm3, 16019 reflections measured（9.24 o≤2θ≤147.28°）, 3524 unique（Rint = 0.0309, Rsigma = 0.0175） which were used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0567（I > 2σ（I）） and w R = 0.1411（all data）. The structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonds typed O–H…O, leading to the formation of one-dimensional chains. The title compound was tested for inhibitory activity toward B-16, C6, RM-1 and BV-2 cancer cell lines.展开更多
This article reports part of the findings of an investigation into the attitudes of Chinese English as a foreign language(EFL)education students and teachers toward Native-speakerism.Data were collected through two se...This article reports part of the findings of an investigation into the attitudes of Chinese English as a foreign language(EFL)education students and teachers toward Native-speakerism.Data were collected through two sets of questionnaires from 976 students and 146 teachers engaged in College English(CE)programs at six Chinese universities.The analysis of data reveals that the participants as an entirety:(a)endorse native speaker(NS)teachers,NS English and pronunciation;(b)anticipate the localization of teaching approaches emanating from the English speaking West;and(c)expect English textbooks multicultural in content.It was also found that teachers are more supportive of NS teachers and NS English while Inner Circle(Kachru,1985)teaching approaches and multicultural textbooks are more popular with students.All these findings indicate the persistence of Native-speakerism in China’s EFL education as well as the ideological resistance from Chinese EFL education stakeholders.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study was conducted to investigate Echinacea polysaccharide （EPS） on expression of tumor necrosis factor （TNF） under injury of intestinal epithelial cells （IEC-6） by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）...[ Objective ] This study was conducted to investigate Echinacea polysaccharide （EPS） on expression of tumor necrosis factor （TNF） under injury of intestinal epithelial cells （IEC-6） by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, so as to discuss the action mechanism of EPS to injured cells. [Method] Total DNA was extracted with TRIzon reagent, TNF-α mRNA was amplified, and the amplification products were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and imaging. [Result] 50 μg/ml EPS could partially inhibited the production of IL-α mRNA by IEC-6 under the stimulation of LPS, while the inhibition of 2（10 and 500 μg/ml EPS on the level of IL-1α mRNA gradually increased with the concentration increasing; and IEC-6 cells pretreated with 50,100,200 and 500 μg/ml EPS for 24 h and then stimulated by 10 μml IPS for 1 and 4 h were analyzed by RT-PCR method, and it was found that the expression of IL-α mRNA induced by LPS could be effectively inhibited by EPS, and the inhibition rate at 4 h was higher than that at 1 h. [ Conclusion] EPS could play its role of protecting intestinal mucosa by inhibiting the secretion of IL-1α mRNA by cells under the stimulation of LPS, and such inhibition effects of EPS had concentration dependency and time dependency.展开更多
[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Echinacea polysaccharide （EPS） in treatment of various bacterial infection and reduction of inflammation, so as to provide a theoretical basis fo...[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Echinacea polysaccharide （EPS） in treatment of various bacterial infection and reduction of inflammation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinic application of EPS. [ Method ] Nuclear protein extracted from six groups, the normal control group, the simple lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group and the EPS （ with concentrations of 50,100,200 and 500 μg/ml, respectively） ＋ LPS groups was subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and pIkB-α protein contents in the extracts were analyzed by Coomassie brilliant blue （CBB） staining and Western-Blot method. [ Result] The simple LPS group showed the highest pIkB-α protein level, and in the EPS concentration range of 0 -200 μg/ml, the expression level of pIkB-α pro- tein was improved with the increase of EPS concentration. [ Conclusion The expression level of pIkB-α protein was improved under the simulation of IEC-6 by LPS, while EPS could effectively inhibit the expression of pIkB-α protein. The expression level of pIkB-α was the lowest in the LPS ＋500 μg/ml EPS group.展开更多
Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the ...Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the effects of strip deep rotary tillage(ST) combined with controlled-release(CR) urea on maize yield and NUE, and determined the physiological factors involved in yield formation and N accumulation during a 2-year field experiment. Compared with conventional rotary tillage(RT) and no-tillage(NT), ST increased the soil water content and soil mineral N content(Nmin) in the 20–40 cm soil layer due to reduction by 10.5 and 13.7% in the soil bulk density in the 0–40 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with the values obtained by common urea(CU) fertilization, CR increased the Nmin in the 0–40 cm soil layers by 12.4 and 10.3% at the silking and maturity stages, respectively. As a result, root length and total N accumulation were enhanced under ST and CR urea, which promoted greater leaf area and dry matter(particularly at post-silking), eventually increasing the1 000-kernel weight of maize. Thus, ST increased the maize yield by 8.3 and 11.0% compared with RT and NT, respectively, whereas CR urea increased maize yield by 8.9% above the values obtained under CU. Because of greater grain yield and N accumulation, ST combined with CR urea improved the NUE substantially. These results show that ST coupled with CR urea is an effective practice to further increase maize yield and NUE by improving soil properties and N supply, so it should be considered for sustainable maize production in the NCP(and other similar areas worldwide).展开更多
[ Objective] To investigate the effects of planting date on development and yield of forage maize and to determine the appropriate plant- ing date for forage maize. [ Method] Using forage maize 50 as experimental mate...[ Objective] To investigate the effects of planting date on development and yield of forage maize and to determine the appropriate plant- ing date for forage maize. [ Method] Using forage maize 50 as experimental material, the development of forage maize was observed, and the yield of forage in the later grain filling period and mature stage was measured, after the maize were planted at different dates, r Remltl With the delaying planting date, phenological period was delayed, and the duration of the same growing stage was shortened among different treatments. The shor- test duration days of anthesis maturity period appeared in the treatment of planting in June 15, and the duration days of anthesis maturity period was increased in the treatment of planting in June 30. With the delaying planting date, the height of maize plant in the five leaf stage was increased. The highest plant in the jointing stage appeared in the treatment of planting in June 15. However, the highest plant appeared in the treatment of planting in May 30 after the jointing stage. The number of green leaves per plant was reduced with the delaying planting date in the tasseling stage, and it was increased with the delaying planting date from later grain filling period to mature stage. With the delaying planting date, the fresh matter yield, forage yield and grain yield were reduced. [ Conclusion] The study provides theoretical and practical reference for high-yield cultivation of forage maize.展开更多
The calla lily(Zantedeschia spreng.)is a bulbousflower native to the tropical regions of Africa.Calla lily has gained significant popularity in the international market owing to its intricate morphology and prolonged fl...The calla lily(Zantedeschia spreng.)is a bulbousflower native to the tropical regions of Africa.Calla lily has gained significant popularity in the international market owing to its intricate morphology and prolonged flowering duration.Despite such advantages,for two sub-groups of calla lily,known as group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae,there are challenges in terms of hybrid production due to the‘plastome-genome incompatibility’there-between.Tissue culture is a fundamental biotechnological tool used in gene editing research,with a focus on disease resistance andflower color in calla lily breeding programs.The present review provides a brief background on the history and development of the calla lily,as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of calla lily tissue culture research.The regeneration pathways for both group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae can be divided into de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Both groups are capable of obtaining replants through such means.However,only some species in group Aestivae have been reported to be successful in the somatic embryogenesis pathway.In the present review,special attention was paid to the influence of explant types,plant growth regulators,and culture conditions on both de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in calla lily tissue culture.Ultimately,future research prospects were determined based on integrated analysis of recent progress in calla lily tissue culture research.展开更多
Optimizing multistage processes,such as distillation or absorption,is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.Relaxing integer into continuous variables and solving the easier nonlinear programming...Optimizing multistage processes,such as distillation or absorption,is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.Relaxing integer into continuous variables and solving the easier nonlinear programming(NLP)problem is an optimization idea for the multistage process.In this article,we propose a relaxation method based on the efficiency parameter.When the efficiency parameter is 1or 0,the proposed model is equivalent to the complete existence or inexistence of the equilibrium stage.And non-integer efficiency represents partial existence.A multi-component absorption case shows a natural penalty for non-integer efficiency,which can assist the efficiency parameter converging to 0 or 1.However,its penalty is weaker than the existing relaxation models,such as the bypass efficiency model.In a simple distillation case,we show that this property can weaken the nonconvexity of the optimization problem and increase the probability of obtaining better optimization results.展开更多
In this paper,a new communication model is built named grouping D2D(GD2D).Different from the traditional D2D coordination,we proposed GD2D communication in licensed and unlicensed spectrum simultaneously.We formulate ...In this paper,a new communication model is built named grouping D2D(GD2D).Different from the traditional D2D coordination,we proposed GD2D communication in licensed and unlicensed spectrum simultaneously.We formulate a resource allocation problem,which aims at maximizing the energy efficiency(EE)of the system while guaranteeing the quality-of-service(Qos)of users.To efficiently solve this problem,the non-convex optimization problem is first transformed into a convex optimization problem.By transforming the fractional-form problem into an equivalent subtractive-form problem,an iterative power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the system EE.Moreover,the optimal closedform power allocation expressions are derived by the Lagrangian approach.Simulation results show that our algorithm achieves higher EE performance than the traditional D2D communication scheme.展开更多
In order to suppressing the particle deposition on vortex finder,a series of gas cyclones with the secondary swirling clean gas were developed inspired by the gas purge effect.Effects of the width and extension length...In order to suppressing the particle deposition on vortex finder,a series of gas cyclones with the secondary swirling clean gas were developed inspired by the gas purge effect.Effects of the width and extension length of the flow channel as well as the secondary inlet velocity and running time on the particle deposition pattern,the deposited particle mass and the cyclones'performance were experimentally investigated,respectively.The results show that the ultrafine particles(Stokes number Stk<0.0358)are mainly loose deposited on the walls under the secondary gas.Compare to the conventional cyclone with single tangential inlet,the total deposited particle mass of the improved cyclone has a maximum reduction more than 60%,and the collecting efficiency is increased up to 97.5%under the basically same pressure drop.The corresponding no-deposition area is increased by about 13%,and remains constant in spite of extending the running time.Moreover,an interesting phenomenon named"self-cleaning effect"of the vortex finder was captured for the gas cyclones,and mechanism of the secondary clean gas on the particle deposition is preliminarily analyzed.The results can deepen the understanding of the particle deposition on the vortex finder and guide the design of the anti-coking gas cyclones.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(20322911D,21322903D)Innovation Ability Promotion Program of Hebei Province(20562903D)+1 种基金Technical Innovation Guidance Program of Hebei Province(20822904D)Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Qinhuangdao City(202201B028).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to further enrich the research on saline-alkali land improvement,and explore the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis HM-3 in saline-alkali land improvement and crop growth promotion.[Methods]Wheat was planted in saline-alkali land in Huanghua City,Hebei Province,and a mixed application experiment was carried out using biological agents from Hemiao Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.[Results]Compared with the field of control check(CK),water-soluble salts and pH value in the experimental fields decreased,and living bacteria count in the soil increased.Meanwhile,the economic characters of wheat in the experimental fields showed excellent performance,with yields increasing by 39.09%and 27.49%compared with the CK.It could be seen that the application of biological bacterial fertilizers achieved obvious effects of improving saline-alkali soil and increasing wheat yield.[Conclusions]In this study,the effects of biological bacterial fertilizers on saline-alkali land and wheat growth characters were clarified,providing some technical support and theoretical guidance for wheat planting in Huanghua saline-alkali land.
基金Supported by Project of Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology"Key Technology Research and Industrialization Development Project of Hawthorn Industry in Xinglong County"(23317102D)Project of Hebei(Chengde)Hawthorn Industry Technology Research Institute.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of three foliar fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics,fruit quality and yield of hawthorn.[Methods]Taking hawthorn foliar fertilization as the reference,the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,intercellular CO 2 concentration,stomatal conductance and single fruit weight of hawthorn leaves were measured under different concentrations of foliar fertilizer.[Results]The results showed that the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of hawthorn leaves increased significantly,while the intercellular CO 2 concentration decreased.Specifically,the fish protein peptide foliar fertilizer performed best,with net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased by 57.22%and 57.51%,respectively.All the three foliar fertilizers significantly reduced the intercellular CO 2 concentration.In addition,fertilization significantly increased the single fruit weight of hawthorn,and the effect of fermented fulvic acid foliar fertilizer was the most significant,with the highest growth rate of 68.49%.[Conclusions]Spraying foliar fertilizer significantly increased the content of Vc,titratable acid,anthocyanin and soluble solids of hawthorn fruit,among which fermented fulvic acid foliar fertilizer had the optimal effect.
文摘A tetranuclear Ln(Ⅲ)-based complex:[Dy_(4)(dbm)_(4)(L)_(6)(μ_(3)-OH)_(2)]·CH_(3)CN(1)(HL=5-[(4-methylbenzylidene)amino]quinolin-8-ol,Hdbm=dibenzoylmethane)was manufactured and its structure was characterized in detail.Xray diffraction analysis shows that complex 1 belongs to the monoclinic crystal system and its space group is P2_1/n,which contains a rhombic Dy_(4)core.Magnetic measurements of 1 suggest it possesses extraordinary single-molecule magnet(SMM)behavior.Its energy barrier U_(eff)/k_(B)was 116.7 K,and the pre-exponential coefficient τ_(0)=1.05×10~(-8)s.CCDC:2359322.
基金Supported by the Items of Institution of Higher Education Scientific Research of Inner Mongolia under Grant No. NJ101116
文摘Based on the Huybrechts' linear-combination operator,effects of thermal lattice vibration on the effective potential of weak-coupling bipolaron in semiconductor quantum dots are studied by using the LLP variational method and quantum statistical theory.The results show that the absolute value of the induced potential of the bipolaron increases with increasing the electron-phonon coupling strength,but decreases with increasing the temperature and the distance of electrons,respectively;the absolute value of the effective potential increases with increasing the radius of the quantum dot,electron-phonon coupling strength and the distance of electrons,respectively,but decreases with increasing the temperature;the temperature and electron-phonon interaction have the important influence on the formation and state properties of the bipolaron:the bipolarons in the bound state are closer and more stable when the electron-phonon coupling strength is larger or the temperature is lower;the confinement potential and coulomb repulsive potential between electrons are unfavorable to the formation of bipolarons in the bound state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772315 and 31572132)the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects,China(CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘OVATE family proteins(OFPs)are plant-specific proteins with a conserved OVATE domain that regulate plant growth and development.Although OFPs have been studied in several species,their biological functions remain largely unknown in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).This study identified 19 Cs OFPs distributed on seven chromosomes in cucumber.Most Cs OFP genes were expressed in reproductive organs,but with different expression patterns.Ectopic expression of Cs OFP12-16c in Arabidopsis resulted in shorter and blunt siliques.The overall results indicated that Cs OFP12-16c regulates silique development in Arabidopsis and may have a similar function in cucumber.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan“Research on protection and restoration of typical small populations of wild plants”(Grant No.2016YFC0503106)。
文摘Low temperature is among the most restrictive factors to limit the yield and distribution of pear. Pyrus hopeiensis is a valuable wild resource.PCA showed that P. hopeiensis had strong cold resistance. In this study, the mRNA and metabolome sequencing of P. hopeiensis flower organs exposed to different low temperatures were performed to identify changes of genes and metabolites in response to low-temperature stress. A total of 4 851 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified. Trend analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in profiles 19, 18, 7, 14, 1, 4 and 11. And the KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in profile 18 were significantly enriched in flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Besides, the expressed trends as well as GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses of DEGs under cold and freezing stress showed significantly difference. Analyses of flavonoid-related pathways indicated that flavonoid structural genes had undergone significant changes. Correlation analysis showed that b HLH and MYB TFs may affect flavonoid biosynthesis by regulating structural gene expression. And PhMYB308 and PhMYB330 were likely candidate repressors of flavonoid biosynthesis by binding to a specific site in bHLH proteins. In total, 92 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs) were identified in P. hopeiensis flowers including 12 flavonoids. WGCNA results showed that coral 1, pink and brown 4 modules were closely associated with flavonoids and 11 MYBs and 15 bHLHs among the three modules may activate or inhibit the expression of 23 structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Taken together, the results of this study provided a theoretical basis for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis and cold resistance of P. hopeiensis flower organs and our findings laid a foundation for further molecular breeding in cold-resistant pear varieties.
基金funded by the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hebei for Excellent Young Scholar, China (C2021204071)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (QN2021079)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province (21326511D and 19226504D)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-02)。
文摘Botanical herbicide has been a hot topic in the research and development of novel pesticides. The herbicidal activity and biochemical characteristics of the botanical compound drupacine were studied by evaluating its effects on seed germination, seedling growth, morphological and physiological characteristics of Amaranthus retroflexus. Drupacine inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, and had a median inhibition concentration(IC50) value of 38.99 mg L-1against A. retroflexus root. The α-amylase activity and soluble sugar content in treated plants were significantly lower than that of the control. The expression of α-amylase gene was dosage-dependently inhibited compared to the untreated control. This suggested that inhibition of α-amylase activity was a mode of action on seed germination. The root hairs were significantly decreased and part of the root cap fell off after treatment with drupacine. The ultrastructure observation showed that cell damage of root tips increased with the treatment time. Drupacine also increased the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly enhanced in the treatment compared to the control. These findings indicated that the physiological and biochemical reaction changes leading to morphological and membrane injuries were the main effects of drupacine on the inhibition of seedling growth. Drupacine can be developed as a botanical herbicide.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31670149)。
文摘Several viroids in the genus Pospiviroid can infect tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and cause severe diseases,posing a serious threat to tomato production.For simultaneous detection of six tomato-infecting pospiviroids-columnea latent viroid(CLVd),pepper chat fruit viroid(PCFVd),potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTVd),tomato apical stunt viroid(TASVd),tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid(TCDVd),and tomato planta macho viroid(TPMVd),we developed a universal probe based on a highly conserved 61 nt long sequence shared among them.Compared with their specific probes,the universal probe has a similar,though slightly reduced,detection sensitivity and has the advantages of simple and cost-effective preparation and simultaneous detection of the six pospiviroids.In addition,the universal probe was used in dot-blot hybridization assays for a large-scale survey of viroid(s)in tomato plantings in China.Only PSTVd was detected in a few greenhouse-planted tomato plants.Sequence analysis revealed that these tomato PSTVd isolates may have been introduced from tomato seeds imported from abroad.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271286)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(413221001)
文摘In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the erosion. However, the mutual influences between wind erosion and water erosion have not been fully understood. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators and simulated two rounds of alternations between wind erosion and water erosion（i.e., 1^（st） wind erosion–1^（st） water erosion and 2^（nd） wind erosion–2^（nd） water erosion） on three slopes（5°, 10°, and 15°） with six wind speeds（0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 20 m/s） and five rainfall intensities（0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm/h）. The objective was to analyze the influences of wind erosion on succeeding water erosion. Results showed that the effects of wind erosion on water erosion were not the same in the two rounds of tests. In the 1^（st） round of tests, wind erosion first restrained and then intensified water erosion mostly because the blocking effect of wind-sculpted micro-topography on surface flow was weakened with the increase in slope. In the 2^（nd） round of tests, wind erosion intensified water erosion on beds with no rills at gentle slopes and low rainfall intensities or with large-size rills at steep slopes and high rainfall intensities. Wind erosion restrained water erosion on beds with small rills at moderate slopes and moderate rainfall intensities. The effects were mainly related to the fine grain layer, rills and slope of the original bed in the 2^（nd） round of tests. The findings can deepen our understanding of complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions and provide scientific references to regional soil and water conservation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. B2009000670)the Foundation of the Education Department of Hebei Province (No. 2009117)
文摘Double-armed crown ether 15,16-bis（（4-nitrophenoxy）methyl）-2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12-octahydrobenzo[b][1,4,7,10,13] pentaoxacyclopentadecine F.W. 570.54 was synthesized by dibromomethyl benzo-15-crown-5 with 4-nitrophenol in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3, characterized by spectroscopic techniques and confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The title compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 12.840（4）, b = 9.425（3）, c = 22.447（7）, β = 98.128（7）° and Z = 4. The structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding of C-H···O type.
基金financially sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2015208134)
文摘A derivative of Brevianamide F,（3 S,8 a R）-3-（（1-allyl-1 H-3-indolyl）methyl）-hexahy-dropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, was synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. This compound crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 9.59590（10）, b = 12.70430（10）, c = 14.5425（2） ?, V = 1772.86（3） ?3, Z = 4, μ（CuK α） = 0.712 mm-1, Dc = 1.279 g/cm3, 16019 reflections measured（9.24 o≤2θ≤147.28°）, 3524 unique（Rint = 0.0309, Rsigma = 0.0175） which were used in all calculations. The final R = 0.0567（I > 2σ（I）） and w R = 0.1411（all data）. The structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonds typed O–H…O, leading to the formation of one-dimensional chains. The title compound was tested for inhibitory activity toward B-16, C6, RM-1 and BV-2 cancer cell lines.
文摘This article reports part of the findings of an investigation into the attitudes of Chinese English as a foreign language(EFL)education students and teachers toward Native-speakerism.Data were collected through two sets of questionnaires from 976 students and 146 teachers engaged in College English(CE)programs at six Chinese universities.The analysis of data reveals that the participants as an entirety:(a)endorse native speaker(NS)teachers,NS English and pronunciation;(b)anticipate the localization of teaching approaches emanating from the English speaking West;and(c)expect English textbooks multicultural in content.It was also found that teachers are more supportive of NS teachers and NS English while Inner Circle(Kachru,1985)teaching approaches and multicultural textbooks are more popular with students.All these findings indicate the persistence of Native-speakerism in China’s EFL education as well as the ideological resistance from Chinese EFL education stakeholders.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31472230)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2014407068)Fund from Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province(NO.14966610D)
文摘[ Objective ] This study was conducted to investigate Echinacea polysaccharide （EPS） on expression of tumor necrosis factor （TNF） under injury of intestinal epithelial cells （IEC-6） by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, so as to discuss the action mechanism of EPS to injured cells. [Method] Total DNA was extracted with TRIzon reagent, TNF-α mRNA was amplified, and the amplification products were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and imaging. [Result] 50 μg/ml EPS could partially inhibited the production of IL-α mRNA by IEC-6 under the stimulation of LPS, while the inhibition of 2（10 and 500 μg/ml EPS on the level of IL-1α mRNA gradually increased with the concentration increasing; and IEC-6 cells pretreated with 50,100,200 and 500 μg/ml EPS for 24 h and then stimulated by 10 μml IPS for 1 and 4 h were analyzed by RT-PCR method, and it was found that the expression of IL-α mRNA induced by LPS could be effectively inhibited by EPS, and the inhibition rate at 4 h was higher than that at 1 h. [ Conclusion] EPS could play its role of protecting intestinal mucosa by inhibiting the secretion of IL-1α mRNA by cells under the stimulation of LPS, and such inhibition effects of EPS had concentration dependency and time dependency.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31472230)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2014407068)Fund from Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province(NO.14966610D)
文摘[ Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Echinacea polysaccharide （EPS） in treatment of various bacterial infection and reduction of inflammation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinic application of EPS. [ Method ] Nuclear protein extracted from six groups, the normal control group, the simple lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group and the EPS （ with concentrations of 50,100,200 and 500 μg/ml, respectively） ＋ LPS groups was subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and pIkB-α protein contents in the extracts were analyzed by Coomassie brilliant blue （CBB） staining and Western-Blot method. [ Result] The simple LPS group showed the highest pIkB-α protein level, and in the EPS concentration range of 0 -200 μg/ml, the expression level of pIkB-α pro- tein was improved with the increase of EPS concentration. [ Conclusion The expression level of pIkB-α protein was improved under the simulation of IEC-6 by LPS, while EPS could effectively inhibit the expression of pIkB-α protein. The expression level of pIkB-α was the lowest in the LPS ＋500 μg/ml EPS group.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071957)the Key National Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300504)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2060302-2)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02)。
文摘Inappropriate tillage practices and nitrogen(N) management have become seriously limitations for maize(Zea mays L.) yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in the North China Plain(NCP). In the current study, we examined the effects of strip deep rotary tillage(ST) combined with controlled-release(CR) urea on maize yield and NUE, and determined the physiological factors involved in yield formation and N accumulation during a 2-year field experiment. Compared with conventional rotary tillage(RT) and no-tillage(NT), ST increased the soil water content and soil mineral N content(Nmin) in the 20–40 cm soil layer due to reduction by 10.5 and 13.7% in the soil bulk density in the 0–40 cm soil layer, respectively. Compared with the values obtained by common urea(CU) fertilization, CR increased the Nmin in the 0–40 cm soil layers by 12.4 and 10.3% at the silking and maturity stages, respectively. As a result, root length and total N accumulation were enhanced under ST and CR urea, which promoted greater leaf area and dry matter(particularly at post-silking), eventually increasing the1 000-kernel weight of maize. Thus, ST increased the maize yield by 8.3 and 11.0% compared with RT and NT, respectively, whereas CR urea increased maize yield by 8.9% above the values obtained under CU. Because of greater grain yield and N accumulation, ST combined with CR urea improved the NUE substantially. These results show that ST coupled with CR urea is an effective practice to further increase maize yield and NUE by improving soil properties and N supply, so it should be considered for sustainable maize production in the NCP(and other similar areas worldwide).
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program for Food Production ( 2011BAD16B08)
文摘[ Objective] To investigate the effects of planting date on development and yield of forage maize and to determine the appropriate plant- ing date for forage maize. [ Method] Using forage maize 50 as experimental material, the development of forage maize was observed, and the yield of forage in the later grain filling period and mature stage was measured, after the maize were planted at different dates, r Remltl With the delaying planting date, phenological period was delayed, and the duration of the same growing stage was shortened among different treatments. The shor- test duration days of anthesis maturity period appeared in the treatment of planting in June 15, and the duration days of anthesis maturity period was increased in the treatment of planting in June 30. With the delaying planting date, the height of maize plant in the five leaf stage was increased. The highest plant in the jointing stage appeared in the treatment of planting in June 15. However, the highest plant appeared in the treatment of planting in May 30 after the jointing stage. The number of green leaves per plant was reduced with the delaying planting date in the tasseling stage, and it was increased with the delaying planting date from later grain filling period to mature stage. With the delaying planting date, the fresh matter yield, forage yield and grain yield were reduced. [ Conclusion] The study provides theoretical and practical reference for high-yield cultivation of forage maize.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071812)Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Specific Projects for Building Technology Innovation Capacity(KJCX202000111/20230108).
文摘The calla lily(Zantedeschia spreng.)is a bulbousflower native to the tropical regions of Africa.Calla lily has gained significant popularity in the international market owing to its intricate morphology and prolonged flowering duration.Despite such advantages,for two sub-groups of calla lily,known as group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae,there are challenges in terms of hybrid production due to the‘plastome-genome incompatibility’there-between.Tissue culture is a fundamental biotechnological tool used in gene editing research,with a focus on disease resistance andflower color in calla lily breeding programs.The present review provides a brief background on the history and development of the calla lily,as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of calla lily tissue culture research.The regeneration pathways for both group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae can be divided into de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Both groups are capable of obtaining replants through such means.However,only some species in group Aestivae have been reported to be successful in the somatic embryogenesis pathway.In the present review,special attention was paid to the influence of explant types,plant growth regulators,and culture conditions on both de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in calla lily tissue culture.Ultimately,future research prospects were determined based on integrated analysis of recent progress in calla lily tissue culture research.
基金Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308251,22178247,22378304)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021208026)。
文摘Optimizing multistage processes,such as distillation or absorption,is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem.Relaxing integer into continuous variables and solving the easier nonlinear programming(NLP)problem is an optimization idea for the multistage process.In this article,we propose a relaxation method based on the efficiency parameter.When the efficiency parameter is 1or 0,the proposed model is equivalent to the complete existence or inexistence of the equilibrium stage.And non-integer efficiency represents partial existence.A multi-component absorption case shows a natural penalty for non-integer efficiency,which can assist the efficiency parameter converging to 0 or 1.However,its penalty is weaker than the existing relaxation models,such as the bypass efficiency model.In a simple distillation case,we show that this property can weaken the nonconvexity of the optimization problem and increase the probability of obtaining better optimization results.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no.61473066 and Grant no.61601109in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.N152305001.
文摘In this paper,a new communication model is built named grouping D2D(GD2D).Different from the traditional D2D coordination,we proposed GD2D communication in licensed and unlicensed spectrum simultaneously.We formulate a resource allocation problem,which aims at maximizing the energy efficiency(EE)of the system while guaranteeing the quality-of-service(Qos)of users.To efficiently solve this problem,the non-convex optimization problem is first transformed into a convex optimization problem.By transforming the fractional-form problem into an equivalent subtractive-form problem,an iterative power allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the system EE.Moreover,the optimal closedform power allocation expressions are derived by the Lagrangian approach.Simulation results show that our algorithm achieves higher EE performance than the traditional D2D communication scheme.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.51904088)Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province(grant No.BJ2020042).
文摘In order to suppressing the particle deposition on vortex finder,a series of gas cyclones with the secondary swirling clean gas were developed inspired by the gas purge effect.Effects of the width and extension length of the flow channel as well as the secondary inlet velocity and running time on the particle deposition pattern,the deposited particle mass and the cyclones'performance were experimentally investigated,respectively.The results show that the ultrafine particles(Stokes number Stk<0.0358)are mainly loose deposited on the walls under the secondary gas.Compare to the conventional cyclone with single tangential inlet,the total deposited particle mass of the improved cyclone has a maximum reduction more than 60%,and the collecting efficiency is increased up to 97.5%under the basically same pressure drop.The corresponding no-deposition area is increased by about 13%,and remains constant in spite of extending the running time.Moreover,an interesting phenomenon named"self-cleaning effect"of the vortex finder was captured for the gas cyclones,and mechanism of the secondary clean gas on the particle deposition is preliminarily analyzed.The results can deepen the understanding of the particle deposition on the vortex finder and guide the design of the anti-coking gas cyclones.
