The land price in big cities draws much attention and discussion for its skyrocketing appreciation.Most researches are from the macro perspective due to data restriction.This paper aims to investigate the critical fac...The land price in big cities draws much attention and discussion for its skyrocketing appreciation.Most researches are from the macro perspective due to data restriction.This paper aims to investigate the critical factors in the price formation process of a land auction,using the listing auction micro bidding-level data in Beijing from 2013 to 2018.We construct a model for the relationship between quitting price and land,bidder's characteristics,housing market conditions and competitive intensity(including private and public signals),then we use OLS for identification.We find that competitive intensity increases the quitting price by causing competition and interaction between bidders.More importantly,we find evidence of cheating behavior in the land market.Results show that bidders have higher quitting prices when they are in a joint venture,and when a central SOE developer or a top 10 developer exist in the joint venture.We also find different behavior of developers in the short run and long run.Our research contributes to the literature of land auctions by analyzing the price formation process and developers'behavior.We also provide supporting evidence for the government to make adjustments of the auction system and identify the cheating developers.展开更多
GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals.However,individuals’stay behavioral pattern and its influencing fact...GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals.However,individuals’stay behavioral pattern and its influencing factors,which are particularly significant for the design and management of scenic architectural complexes,have not been thoroughly examined.Using GPS trajectory data collected from the Palace Museum in Beijing(China),this paper investigated the visitors’stay behavior patterns associated with temporal,spatial,and environmental influencing factors.Types of stay behavior and characteristics of stay in main stay areas were automatically recognized using Python algorithms for further and quantitative analysis.Results showed that visitors’stay time exhibited a consistent pattern regarding psychological time allocation,a relatively unsignificant pattern regarding lunch hour,and no clear pattern regarding fatigue feature.Grouped regression analysis showed positive linear relationships with similar slopes between the average stay length and the number of stay occurrences in each type of stay area.Partial correlation analysis revealed the underlying connection between the impact of seats and greenery on stay behavior.Individually,each of the two environmental elements showed limited effect on stay frequency and stay length,while incorporating greenery into seating areas would notably increase both stay frequency and stay length.展开更多
Automated vehicles(AVs)hold the potential to reduce road accidents,mitigate traffic congestion,and improve travel experience.However,the possible countervailing impacts from the changes in underserved populations’veh...Automated vehicles(AVs)hold the potential to reduce road accidents,mitigate traffic congestion,and improve travel experience.However,the possible countervailing impacts from the changes in underserved populations’vehicle travel demand tend to be overlooked.To determine the vehicle travel demand changes that resulted from underserved populations aged between 6 and 80,this paper explores the latent effect of AVs on vehicle kilometers traveled(VKT)in a fully AV environment using person trip survey data from the cities of Sanya,Shijiazhuang,and Shenzhen in China.This paper uses the natural decline hypothesis of travel demand and proposes a regression model to investigate the difference among the cities’latent vehicle travel demand.Results show that the average VKT of the overall population in Sanya,Shijiazhuang,and Shenzhen increased by 33.4%,47.0%,and46.8%,respectively.The analysis of the regression model confirms that the current travel behavior of individuals can affect the degree of increase in their average VKT.Integrating AVs into public transport,increasing the acceptance of automated shared mobility options,transforming road space use type,and prototyping AV designs with various features and needs are potential methods to cope with the countervailing impacts.The total VKT of the overall population increased by approximately 10%-25%depending on the city.The conclusions of this paper provide informative insights into the evaluation of VKT for underserved populations and contribute to the deployment of AVs to address equity and inclusion issues.展开更多
Unequal social media attention can lead to potentially uneven distribution of disaster-relief funds,resulting in long-term inequality among regions after disasters.This study aimed to measure inequalities in social me...Unequal social media attention can lead to potentially uneven distribution of disaster-relief funds,resulting in long-term inequality among regions after disasters.This study aimed to measure inequalities in social media attention to regions during disasters and explore the role of official media in reducing such inequality.This is performed by employing social media,official media,and official aggregated statistics regarding China's rainstorm disasters.Through a set of panel-data regressions and robustness tests,three main conclusions were drawn:(1)There were inequalities among regions regarding social media attention they received during rainstorm disasters.For disasters of the same magnitude,regions with low economic outcome per capita received less attention on social media.(2)Official media can reduce inequality in social media attention during disasters.Official media statements can encourage netizens to pay attention to disaster-stricken areas,and especially the overlooked underdeveloped areas.(3)Of all the measures taken by official media,timely,accurate,and open disclosure of disaster occurrences proved to be the most potent means of leveling the playing field in terms of social media attention;contrarily,promotional or booster-type messages proved futile in this regard.These findings revealed the vulnerabilities within social media landscapes that aff ect disaster relief response,shedding light on the role of official guidance in mitigating inequalities in social media attention during such crises.Our study advises social media stakeholders and policymakers on formulating more equitable crisis communication strategies to bridge the gap in social media attention and foster a more balanced and just relief process.展开更多
In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which...In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which are crucial for social justice and public acceptance, remain unclear. Based on a MultiRegional Input-Output(MRIO) table and a nationally regulated tax payment calculation method, this study analyzes the distributional impacts of an environmental tax based upon province’s consumption from both inter-provincial and rural-urban aspects. The national tax revenue based on the current levy mechanism is estimated to be only one seventh of the economic loss from premature mortality caused by ambient particulate matter(PM2.5). The taxation may slightly alleviate urban-rural inequality but may not be helpful with reducing inter-provincial inequality. We further analyze two alternative levy mechanisms. If each province imposes taxes to products it consumes(rather than produces, as in the current mechanism), with the tax rate linearly dependent on its per capita consumption expenditure, this would moderately increase the national tax revenue and significantly reduce inter-provincial inequality.To better compensate for the economic costs of air pollution and reduce regional inequality, it would be beneficial to increase the tax rate nationwide and implement a levy mechanism based on provincially differentiated levels of consumption and economic status.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(72274102)。
文摘The land price in big cities draws much attention and discussion for its skyrocketing appreciation.Most researches are from the macro perspective due to data restriction.This paper aims to investigate the critical factors in the price formation process of a land auction,using the listing auction micro bidding-level data in Beijing from 2013 to 2018.We construct a model for the relationship between quitting price and land,bidder's characteristics,housing market conditions and competitive intensity(including private and public signals),then we use OLS for identification.We find that competitive intensity increases the quitting price by causing competition and interaction between bidders.More importantly,we find evidence of cheating behavior in the land market.Results show that bidders have higher quitting prices when they are in a joint venture,and when a central SOE developer or a top 10 developer exist in the joint venture.We also find different behavior of developers in the short run and long run.Our research contributes to the literature of land auctions by analyzing the price formation process and developers'behavior.We also provide supporting evidence for the government to make adjustments of the auction system and identify the cheating developers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178019).
文摘GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals.However,individuals’stay behavioral pattern and its influencing factors,which are particularly significant for the design and management of scenic architectural complexes,have not been thoroughly examined.Using GPS trajectory data collected from the Palace Museum in Beijing(China),this paper investigated the visitors’stay behavior patterns associated with temporal,spatial,and environmental influencing factors.Types of stay behavior and characteristics of stay in main stay areas were automatically recognized using Python algorithms for further and quantitative analysis.Results showed that visitors’stay time exhibited a consistent pattern regarding psychological time allocation,a relatively unsignificant pattern regarding lunch hour,and no clear pattern regarding fatigue feature.Grouped regression analysis showed positive linear relationships with similar slopes between the average stay length and the number of stay occurrences in each type of stay area.Partial correlation analysis revealed the underlying connection between the impact of seats and greenery on stay behavior.Individually,each of the two environmental elements showed limited effect on stay frequency and stay length,while incorporating greenery into seating areas would notably increase both stay frequency and stay length.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1600100)the Tsinghua University-Toyota Research Center Project(TT2019-05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302383)。
文摘Automated vehicles(AVs)hold the potential to reduce road accidents,mitigate traffic congestion,and improve travel experience.However,the possible countervailing impacts from the changes in underserved populations’vehicle travel demand tend to be overlooked.To determine the vehicle travel demand changes that resulted from underserved populations aged between 6 and 80,this paper explores the latent effect of AVs on vehicle kilometers traveled(VKT)in a fully AV environment using person trip survey data from the cities of Sanya,Shijiazhuang,and Shenzhen in China.This paper uses the natural decline hypothesis of travel demand and proposes a regression model to investigate the difference among the cities’latent vehicle travel demand.Results show that the average VKT of the overall population in Sanya,Shijiazhuang,and Shenzhen increased by 33.4%,47.0%,and46.8%,respectively.The analysis of the regression model confirms that the current travel behavior of individuals can affect the degree of increase in their average VKT.Integrating AVs into public transport,increasing the acceptance of automated shared mobility options,transforming road space use type,and prototyping AV designs with various features and needs are potential methods to cope with the countervailing impacts.The total VKT of the overall population increased by approximately 10%-25%depending on the city.The conclusions of this paper provide informative insights into the evaluation of VKT for underserved populations and contribute to the deployment of AVs to address equity and inclusion issues.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730284)the National Social Science Foundation of China(20BJY178)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42301185)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022NTST17)。
文摘Unequal social media attention can lead to potentially uneven distribution of disaster-relief funds,resulting in long-term inequality among regions after disasters.This study aimed to measure inequalities in social media attention to regions during disasters and explore the role of official media in reducing such inequality.This is performed by employing social media,official media,and official aggregated statistics regarding China's rainstorm disasters.Through a set of panel-data regressions and robustness tests,three main conclusions were drawn:(1)There were inequalities among regions regarding social media attention they received during rainstorm disasters.For disasters of the same magnitude,regions with low economic outcome per capita received less attention on social media.(2)Official media can reduce inequality in social media attention during disasters.Official media statements can encourage netizens to pay attention to disaster-stricken areas,and especially the overlooked underdeveloped areas.(3)Of all the measures taken by official media,timely,accurate,and open disclosure of disaster occurrences proved to be the most potent means of leveling the playing field in terms of social media attention;contrarily,promotional or booster-type messages proved futile in this regard.These findings revealed the vulnerabilities within social media landscapes that aff ect disaster relief response,shedding light on the role of official guidance in mitigating inequalities in social media attention during such crises.Our study advises social media stakeholders and policymakers on formulating more equitable crisis communication strategies to bridge the gap in social media attention and foster a more balanced and just relief process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41775115)the Chinese Scholarship Council. Klaus Hubacek was partly supported by the Czech Science Foundation under the Project VEENEX (GA CˇR No. 16-17978S)
文摘In order to combat environmental pollution, China enacted the Environmental Protection Tax Law in early 2018. Yet the impacts of the environmental tax on individual regions with different socioeconomic statuses, which are crucial for social justice and public acceptance, remain unclear. Based on a MultiRegional Input-Output(MRIO) table and a nationally regulated tax payment calculation method, this study analyzes the distributional impacts of an environmental tax based upon province’s consumption from both inter-provincial and rural-urban aspects. The national tax revenue based on the current levy mechanism is estimated to be only one seventh of the economic loss from premature mortality caused by ambient particulate matter(PM2.5). The taxation may slightly alleviate urban-rural inequality but may not be helpful with reducing inter-provincial inequality. We further analyze two alternative levy mechanisms. If each province imposes taxes to products it consumes(rather than produces, as in the current mechanism), with the tax rate linearly dependent on its per capita consumption expenditure, this would moderately increase the national tax revenue and significantly reduce inter-provincial inequality.To better compensate for the economic costs of air pollution and reduce regional inequality, it would be beneficial to increase the tax rate nationwide and implement a levy mechanism based on provincially differentiated levels of consumption and economic status.
