Xanthophyll has multiple physiological functions to improve the quality of farmed animals.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of xanthophyll on the growth performance,antioxidation,immunity,pigmentation...Xanthophyll has multiple physiological functions to improve the quality of farmed animals.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of xanthophyll on the growth performance,antioxidation,immunity,pigmentation and meat quality of southern catfish(Silurus soldatovi meridionalis Chen).Juvenile southern catfish(18.35±0.04 g)were randomly allocated into 24 cages(30 juveniles per cage),and fed diets with different dietary xanthophyll levels(at 14,42,80,108,126 and 152 mg/kg,dry matter of diet)twice daily for 8 weeks.Results indicated that the diet with 80 mg/kg xanthophyll induced a higher specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency ratio and protein productive value.Moreover,the 80 mg/kg xanthophyll diet also increased complement 3,immunoglobulin M(IgM)and lysozyme content more than the other groups.The mRNA expression level of inflammation-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activities further confirmed the effects of 80 mg/kg dietary xanthophyll on improving immune response.The present study also found that the 126 mg/kg xanthophyll diet significantly enhanced the content of total carotenoids and xanthophyll,hydroxyproline,collagen and amino acid in muscle.The diet with 126 mg/kg xanthophylls also induced lower drip loss,thawing loss,centrifugal loss,cooking loss and higher muscle adhesiveness,cohesiveness,springiness,gumminess and chewiness than the other treatments.In conclusion,quadratic regression model analysis based on SGR and IgM revealed that the optimum xanthophyll level in the diet was 86.78 and 84.63 mg/kg,respectively.Moreover,broken line regression analysis based on xanthophyll content in dorsal skin and chewiness in muscle demonstrated that the optimal xanthophyll level was between 89.73 and 108.66 mg/kg in the diet of southern catfish(S.soldatovi meridionalis Chen).展开更多
The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment.Phagocytosis is one of the most effective defen...The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment.Phagocytosis is one of the most effective defense strategies against microbial challenge mainly performed by classical‘professional’phagocytes(including monocytes,macrophages and granulocytes).They contain,kill and process the internalized pathogens for antigen presentation by providing antigenic ligands to initiate activation and clonal expansion of T and B cells,which bridge the innate and adaptive immunity.The discovery of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish has broken the paradigm that primary vertebrate B cells are lack of phagocytosis of particulates,as well as led to the investigation of phagocytic activity of mammalian B-1 B cells.The active phagocytic,microbicidal capabilities and antigen presentation in teleost phagocytic B cell have demonstrated to be similar as professional phagocytes,providing a potential impact on development of new vaccination strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases.In this review,we aim to address current progress on the antimicrobial role of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish by comparing it with other professional phagocytes and mammalian B-1 B cells,and provide the application prospect of phagocytic B cells in developing vaccines as well as the prevention of fish diseases.展开更多
A new barbine cyprinid fish, Acrossocheilus multistriatus sp. nov., is described from the Zhujiang River （Pearl River） basin in South China. It is separated from all other barred congeners except A. monticola by its...A new barbine cyprinid fish, Acrossocheilus multistriatus sp. nov., is described from the Zhujiang River （Pearl River） basin in South China. It is separated from all other barred congeners except A. monticola by its unique coloration pattern of 8-12 vs. 5-7 vertical dark bars on the dorsum and flank. Although 8 vertical black bars are also present in specimens ofA. monticola, the new species is distinct from it by having a well-developed （vs. poor-developed） lower lip, with or without a median interruption （vs. with a median interruption which wider than 1/2 mouth width） on lower jaw, the lower jaw entirely covered （vs. uncoverd） by the lower lip, body depth 22.57%-25.22% SL （vs. 25.64%-32.26% SL）. Additional characteristices as follows： last simple dorsal-fin ray soft without serration; dark stripes on membranes between dorsal-fin rays; dark stripes absent on membranes between anal fin rays; maxillary barbels longer than eye diameter, extending to posterior edge of eyes.展开更多
Adaptations of ciliates to hypoxic environments have arisen independently several times.Studies on mitochondrion-related organelle(MRO)metabolisms from distinct anaerobic ciliate groups provide evidence for understand...Adaptations of ciliates to hypoxic environments have arisen independently several times.Studies on mitochondrion-related organelle(MRO)metabolisms from distinct anaerobic ciliate groups provide evidence for understanding the transitions from mitochondria to MROs within eukaryotes.To deepen our knowledge about the evolutionary patterns of ciliate anaerobiosis,mass-culture and single-cell transcriptomes of two anaerobic species,Metopus laminarius(class Armophorea)and Plagiopyla cf.narasimhamurtii(class Plagiopylea),were sequenced and their MRO metabolic maps were compared.In addition,we carried out comparisons using publicly available predicted MRO proteomes from other ciliate classes(i.e.,Armophorea,Litostomatea,Muranotrichea,Oligohymenophorea,Parablepharismea and Plagiopylea).We found that single-cell transcriptomes were similarly comparable to their mass-culture counterparts in predicting MRO metabolic pathways of ciliates.The patterns of the components of the MRO metabolic pathways might be divergent among anaerobic ciliates,even among closely related species.Notably,our findings indicate the existence of group-specific functional relics of electron transport chains(ETCs).Detailed group-specific ETC functional patterns are as follows:full oxidative phosphorylation in Oligohymenophorea and Muranotrichea;only electron-transfer machinery in Armophorea;either of these functional types in Parablepharismea;and ETC functional absence in Litostomatea and Plagiopylea.These findings suggest that adaptation of ciliates to anaerobic conditions is group-specific and has occurred multiple times.Our results also show the potential and the limitations of detecting ciliate MRO proteins using single-cell transcriptomes and improve the understanding of the multiple transitions from mitochondria to MROs within ciliates.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation and Applied Basic Research Fund Project of Guangdong Province(2019A1515110606)Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai).
文摘Xanthophyll has multiple physiological functions to improve the quality of farmed animals.The present study aimed to investigate the effects of xanthophyll on the growth performance,antioxidation,immunity,pigmentation and meat quality of southern catfish(Silurus soldatovi meridionalis Chen).Juvenile southern catfish(18.35±0.04 g)were randomly allocated into 24 cages(30 juveniles per cage),and fed diets with different dietary xanthophyll levels(at 14,42,80,108,126 and 152 mg/kg,dry matter of diet)twice daily for 8 weeks.Results indicated that the diet with 80 mg/kg xanthophyll induced a higher specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency ratio and protein productive value.Moreover,the 80 mg/kg xanthophyll diet also increased complement 3,immunoglobulin M(IgM)and lysozyme content more than the other groups.The mRNA expression level of inflammation-related genes and antioxidant enzyme activities further confirmed the effects of 80 mg/kg dietary xanthophyll on improving immune response.The present study also found that the 126 mg/kg xanthophyll diet significantly enhanced the content of total carotenoids and xanthophyll,hydroxyproline,collagen and amino acid in muscle.The diet with 126 mg/kg xanthophylls also induced lower drip loss,thawing loss,centrifugal loss,cooking loss and higher muscle adhesiveness,cohesiveness,springiness,gumminess and chewiness than the other treatments.In conclusion,quadratic regression model analysis based on SGR and IgM revealed that the optimum xanthophyll level in the diet was 86.78 and 84.63 mg/kg,respectively.Moreover,broken line regression analysis based on xanthophyll content in dorsal skin and chewiness in muscle demonstrated that the optimal xanthophyll level was between 89.73 and 108.66 mg/kg in the diet of southern catfish(S.soldatovi meridionalis Chen).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102827,31972818,31528019)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662959)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110987)Special fund for promoting economic development(for modern fishery development)of Guangdong Province(grant number 2019A4).
文摘The defense system of teleost fish organized on innate and adaptive immunity protects them against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment.Phagocytosis is one of the most effective defense strategies against microbial challenge mainly performed by classical‘professional’phagocytes(including monocytes,macrophages and granulocytes).They contain,kill and process the internalized pathogens for antigen presentation by providing antigenic ligands to initiate activation and clonal expansion of T and B cells,which bridge the innate and adaptive immunity.The discovery of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish has broken the paradigm that primary vertebrate B cells are lack of phagocytosis of particulates,as well as led to the investigation of phagocytic activity of mammalian B-1 B cells.The active phagocytic,microbicidal capabilities and antigen presentation in teleost phagocytic B cell have demonstrated to be similar as professional phagocytes,providing a potential impact on development of new vaccination strategies to prevent and control infectious diseases.In this review,we aim to address current progress on the antimicrobial role of phagocytic B cells in teleost fish by comparing it with other professional phagocytes and mammalian B-1 B cells,and provide the application prospect of phagocytic B cells in developing vaccines as well as the prevention of fish diseases.
基金supported financially by Kadoorie Farm&Botanic Garden,Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372178)Permission for fieldwork was granted by the Guangxi Provincial Forestry Department
文摘A new barbine cyprinid fish, Acrossocheilus multistriatus sp. nov., is described from the Zhujiang River （Pearl River） basin in South China. It is separated from all other barred congeners except A. monticola by its unique coloration pattern of 8-12 vs. 5-7 vertical dark bars on the dorsum and flank. Although 8 vertical black bars are also present in specimens ofA. monticola, the new species is distinct from it by having a well-developed （vs. poor-developed） lower lip, with or without a median interruption （vs. with a median interruption which wider than 1/2 mouth width） on lower jaw, the lower jaw entirely covered （vs. uncoverd） by the lower lip, body depth 22.57%-25.22% SL （vs. 25.64%-32.26% SL）. Additional characteristices as follows： last simple dorsal-fin ray soft without serration; dark stripes on membranes between dorsal-fin rays; dark stripes absent on membranes between anal fin rays; maxillary barbels longer than eye diameter, extending to posterior edge of eyes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 32070406)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Number 2022A1515010773)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(Grant Number 202102080168).
文摘Adaptations of ciliates to hypoxic environments have arisen independently several times.Studies on mitochondrion-related organelle(MRO)metabolisms from distinct anaerobic ciliate groups provide evidence for understanding the transitions from mitochondria to MROs within eukaryotes.To deepen our knowledge about the evolutionary patterns of ciliate anaerobiosis,mass-culture and single-cell transcriptomes of two anaerobic species,Metopus laminarius(class Armophorea)and Plagiopyla cf.narasimhamurtii(class Plagiopylea),were sequenced and their MRO metabolic maps were compared.In addition,we carried out comparisons using publicly available predicted MRO proteomes from other ciliate classes(i.e.,Armophorea,Litostomatea,Muranotrichea,Oligohymenophorea,Parablepharismea and Plagiopylea).We found that single-cell transcriptomes were similarly comparable to their mass-culture counterparts in predicting MRO metabolic pathways of ciliates.The patterns of the components of the MRO metabolic pathways might be divergent among anaerobic ciliates,even among closely related species.Notably,our findings indicate the existence of group-specific functional relics of electron transport chains(ETCs).Detailed group-specific ETC functional patterns are as follows:full oxidative phosphorylation in Oligohymenophorea and Muranotrichea;only electron-transfer machinery in Armophorea;either of these functional types in Parablepharismea;and ETC functional absence in Litostomatea and Plagiopylea.These findings suggest that adaptation of ciliates to anaerobic conditions is group-specific and has occurred multiple times.Our results also show the potential and the limitations of detecting ciliate MRO proteins using single-cell transcriptomes and improve the understanding of the multiple transitions from mitochondria to MROs within ciliates.
