Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of ...Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of GRBs can be used to estimate the cosmological parameters. However, the possibility of the evolution of GRBs with redshift is a long-standing puzzle. In this work, we used 162 long-duration GRBs to determine whether GRBs below and above a certain redshift have different properties. The GRBs are split into two groups, and we fit the Amati relation for each group separately. Our findings demonstrate that estimations of the Amati parameters for the two groups are substantially dissimilar. We perform simulations to investigate whether the selection effects could cause the difference. Our analysis shows that the differences may be either intrinsic or due to systematic errors in the data, and the selection effects are not their true origin. However, in-depth analysis with a new data set comprised of 119 long GRBs shows that intrinsic scatter may partly be responsible for such effects.展开更多
Kinase inhibitors are a significant and continuously developing division of target therapeutics.The drug discovery and improvement efforts have examined numerous attempts to target the signaling pathway of kinases.The ...Kinase inhibitors are a significant and continuously developing division of target therapeutics.The drug discovery and improvement efforts have examined numerous attempts to target the signaling pathway of kinases.The Kinase inhibitors have been heralded as a game-changer in cancer treatment.For developing kinase inhibitors as a treatment for various non-malignant disorders like auto-immune diseases,is currently undergoing extensive research.It may be beneficial to investigate whether cell-specific kinase inhibitor administration enhances therapeutic efficacy and decreases adverse effects.The goal of the current review is to gain insight into the role of kinase inhibitors in facilitating effective target drug delivery for the treatment of various anti-inflammatory,auto-immune,and anticancer disorders.The aim of this review is also to shed light on drug discovery approaches for kinase inhibitors,their mode of action,and delivery approaches.The variation in the binding of kinases bestows different target approaches in drug design,which can be employed for designing the targeted molecules.Several target sites have been studied,exceeding the design of drugs for various diseases like cancer,Alzheimer’s,rheumatoid arthritis,etc.Diverse delivery approaches have also been studied for the targeted application of kinase inhibitors.展开更多
The nature of random errors in any data set is Gaussian, which is a well established fact according to the Central Limit Theorem. Supernovae type Ia data have played a crucial role in major discoveries in cosmology. U...The nature of random errors in any data set is Gaussian, which is a well established fact according to the Central Limit Theorem. Supernovae type Ia data have played a crucial role in major discoveries in cosmology. Unlike in laboratory experiments, astronomical measurements cannot be performed in controlled situations. Thus, errors in astronomical data can be more severe in terms of systematics and non-Gaussianity compared to those of laboratory experiments. In this paper, we use the Kolmogorov-Smiruov statistic to test non-Gaussianity in high-z supernovae data. We apply this statistic to four data sets, i.e., Gold data （2004）, Gold data （2007）, the Union2 catalog and the Union2.1 data set for our analysis. Our results show that in all four data sets the errors are consistent with a Gaussian distribution.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain originating from glial cells.In spite of extensive research,the overall survival rate is not enhanced.A number of published articles observed differentia...BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain originating from glial cells.In spite of extensive research,the overall survival rate is not enhanced.A number of published articles observed differentially circulating levels of cytokines in glioma.Interleukin-6(IL-6)protein coded by IL-6 gene is regulated by the immune system and it has been found to have a significant role in progression and apoptosis resistance of glioma.AIM To review the role of circulatory IL-6 in the development and progression of glioma and its utility as a biomarker.METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis(PRISMA)guidelines were applied to filter the relevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.We used a combination of keywords and the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)tool to search the potential studies and performed data extraction from selected studies.RESULTS The published results were inconsistent;however,most studies showed a significantly higher IL-6 level in glioma cases as compared to controls.Comparative IL-6 level among the different grades of glioma showed a higher level with low-grade gliomas and lower level with high-grade gliomas.CONCLUSION IL-6 level significantly differed between cases and controls,and among different cancer stages,which shows its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.展开更多
基金M.S.thanks DMRC for supportD.S.thanks the compeers of GD Goenka University for continuing assistance.
文摘Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of GRBs can be used to estimate the cosmological parameters. However, the possibility of the evolution of GRBs with redshift is a long-standing puzzle. In this work, we used 162 long-duration GRBs to determine whether GRBs below and above a certain redshift have different properties. The GRBs are split into two groups, and we fit the Amati relation for each group separately. Our findings demonstrate that estimations of the Amati parameters for the two groups are substantially dissimilar. We perform simulations to investigate whether the selection effects could cause the difference. Our analysis shows that the differences may be either intrinsic or due to systematic errors in the data, and the selection effects are not their true origin. However, in-depth analysis with a new data set comprised of 119 long GRBs shows that intrinsic scatter may partly be responsible for such effects.
文摘Kinase inhibitors are a significant and continuously developing division of target therapeutics.The drug discovery and improvement efforts have examined numerous attempts to target the signaling pathway of kinases.The Kinase inhibitors have been heralded as a game-changer in cancer treatment.For developing kinase inhibitors as a treatment for various non-malignant disorders like auto-immune diseases,is currently undergoing extensive research.It may be beneficial to investigate whether cell-specific kinase inhibitor administration enhances therapeutic efficacy and decreases adverse effects.The goal of the current review is to gain insight into the role of kinase inhibitors in facilitating effective target drug delivery for the treatment of various anti-inflammatory,auto-immune,and anticancer disorders.The aim of this review is also to shed light on drug discovery approaches for kinase inhibitors,their mode of action,and delivery approaches.The variation in the binding of kinases bestows different target approaches in drug design,which can be employed for designing the targeted molecules.Several target sites have been studied,exceeding the design of drugs for various diseases like cancer,Alzheimer’s,rheumatoid arthritis,etc.Diverse delivery approaches have also been studied for the targeted application of kinase inhibitors.
文摘The nature of random errors in any data set is Gaussian, which is a well established fact according to the Central Limit Theorem. Supernovae type Ia data have played a crucial role in major discoveries in cosmology. Unlike in laboratory experiments, astronomical measurements cannot be performed in controlled situations. Thus, errors in astronomical data can be more severe in terms of systematics and non-Gaussianity compared to those of laboratory experiments. In this paper, we use the Kolmogorov-Smiruov statistic to test non-Gaussianity in high-z supernovae data. We apply this statistic to four data sets, i.e., Gold data （2004）, Gold data （2007）, the Union2 catalog and the Union2.1 data set for our analysis. Our results show that in all four data sets the errors are consistent with a Gaussian distribution.
文摘BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain originating from glial cells.In spite of extensive research,the overall survival rate is not enhanced.A number of published articles observed differentially circulating levels of cytokines in glioma.Interleukin-6(IL-6)protein coded by IL-6 gene is regulated by the immune system and it has been found to have a significant role in progression and apoptosis resistance of glioma.AIM To review the role of circulatory IL-6 in the development and progression of glioma and its utility as a biomarker.METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis(PRISMA)guidelines were applied to filter the relevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.We used a combination of keywords and the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)tool to search the potential studies and performed data extraction from selected studies.RESULTS The published results were inconsistent;however,most studies showed a significantly higher IL-6 level in glioma cases as compared to controls.Comparative IL-6 level among the different grades of glioma showed a higher level with low-grade gliomas and lower level with high-grade gliomas.CONCLUSION IL-6 level significantly differed between cases and controls,and among different cancer stages,which shows its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
