In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was a...In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was aimed to confirm that oil obtained from compressing Sunan pecan seeds(Reutalis trisperma)is the suitable unedible raw oil material to be processed.By carrying out esterification and transesterification processes,the oil became biofuel which consists of various forms of long-chains components of fatty acid methyl ester(FAME).To make it usable for diesel engine,steps of further processes have been done,i.e.,purification and fractionation to produce FAME of single fatty acid components as well as selecting them by PROMETHEE method.The result showed that FAME with single unfractionated fatty acid components was closed to diesel oil characteristics and so the most appropriate biofuel for internal combustion engine.展开更多
Impertinent uses of moldboard plows for tillage on wetland paddy soils,as far more than a century,caused damage to its important hardpan layer of 20-30 cm soil depth that led to some extent,the decrease of rice produc...Impertinent uses of moldboard plows for tillage on wetland paddy soils,as far more than a century,caused damage to its important hardpan layer of 20-30 cm soil depth that led to some extent,the decrease of rice production than it should have been.The current study has been carried out to repair that damage to regain the“lost”of paddy yields by using the designed flat-symmetric plow that has a lift angle of 29°-30°.It is towed by a hand tractor of 12 horsepower(HP)at a travel speed of 1.11 m/s and a working depth of 10 cm in three blocks of a wetland paddy field in Bandung Sub-district of West-Java,Indonesia.Test results observed from the formed plow sole of 10-15 cm depth underneath after 3rd-time operations of the plow on the same track,indicated that there was a relatively small decrease of moisture content(MC)around 0.182%,as well as increases of cone index(CI)and bulk density(BD)around 0.172%and 0.171%,respectively.This plow was able to maintain,generate and stimulate the formation of hardpan right underneath the plow path.It was due to the improvement of hardpan physical-mechanical properties and would be more significant after frequent tillage using that plow.Hence,there is a chance to develop a tillage method in the development of an ideal wetland paddy cultivation system throughout Indonesian wetland paddy fields.展开更多
The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of metabolic disorders in periparturient low milk production （〈 15 kg/d） dairy cows. Data were collected between April 2009 and April 2010 from randomly sele...The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of metabolic disorders in periparturient low milk production （〈 15 kg/d） dairy cows. Data were collected between April 2009 and April 2010 from randomly selected Holstein crossed breed dairy cow and heifer （30 cows ＇,and 10 heifers） on faculty farm of faculty of Natural Resources Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Skon-nakon Campus. Blood samples were collected weekly from each cow, starting 2 weeks before expected calving until 4 weeks postpartum. Serum was analyzed for NEFA and BHBA. The critical threshold for [NEFA] was defined as： 〉 0.4 mmol/L when 〈 -7 to 0 DIM, and 〉 0.7 mmol/L when 3 DIM. Postpartum sub-clinical ketosis （SK） was defined using [BHBA] 〉 14.4 mg/dl. The prevalence of elevated NEFA was 82.5%, 27.5%, 27.5% 7.5% and 7.5% in the dry period, 1st, 2nd 3rd and 5th weeks of lactation, respectively. The prevalence of SK was 12.5% at 2nd weeks of lactation. High prevalence of elevated NEFA during dry period through first 2 weeks of postpartum indicated that periparturient dairy cows suffered some degree of negative energy balance （NEB）. These resulted indicated that though, milk yield of these cows were not that high, NEB and ketosis are still major nutrient-related problems.展开更多
Konjac is an ideal candidate for edible coatings on fruits due to its hydrophilic properties,film-forming ability,barrier properties,safety,and biodegradability.Meanwhile,the high market demand for strawberries necessi...Konjac is an ideal candidate for edible coatings on fruits due to its hydrophilic properties,film-forming ability,barrier properties,safety,and biodegradability.Meanwhile,the high market demand for strawberries necessitates post-harvest treatment to extend their shelf life and preserve their quality,as strawberries are known for their fragile skin and soft texture.To fully utilize konjac and develop high-quality coatingfilms,native konjacflour(NKF)and konjac glucomannan(KGM)were extracted from its corm and used as a coatingfilm for strawberries in the present study.Therefore,this study aimed to compare the physical properties of thefilm coatings between NKF and KGM,and evaluate their effects on strawberries preservation over 7 days of storage.A multistage extrac-tion process was employed to isolate NKF and KGM,after which the glucomannan content was measured.NKF yield was 31.81%,exceeding KGM yield of 26.42%,and the glucomannan content obtained of NKF(25.93%)was higher than KGM(21.41%).Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that both NKF and KGM con-tain glucomannan in their structure.Furthermore,both NKF and KGM were combined with carboxymethyl cel-lulose(CMC)and glycerol to produce eight thin-layerfilms to assess their physical and mechanical properties.Compared to the KGM variant,the NKF variant generally exhibited higher moisture content,water vapor trans-mission rate,and tensile strength.However,NKF was less effective than KGM in extending strawberry storage life,leading to faster color changes and greater weight loss,despite maintaining similar hardness values.Nonetheless,konjac-based coatings were generally effective at maintaining the freshness and quality of strawberries compared to uncoated samples.Konjac shows promise as an edible coating,improving fresh produce shelf life and appeal,aligning with consumer preferences for natural and sustainable products.展开更多
Emerging evidence shows the trend of using safe and natural preservatives like bacteriocins in food processing.The increasing demand by the food industry to extend keeping quality and prevent spoilage of various food ...Emerging evidence shows the trend of using safe and natural preservatives like bacteriocins in food processing.The increasing demand by the food industry to extend keeping quality and prevent spoilage of various food products has appealed for new preservatives and new methods of conservation.Further,to discover the novel spectrum of antimicrobial compounds that could effectively battle food-borne pathogens,bacteriocins have been intensively studied in the last few years.Recently,great attention has been paid to the application of lactic acid-bacterial bacteriocins targeting food spoilage-causing or pathogenic microorganisms with no significant side effects.Different mechanisms of action like pore-formation,retarding cell-wall/nucleic acid/protein synthesis have been proposed and described for diverse bacteriocins.Therefore,the syntheses,purification of bacteriocins in addition to their applications as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food processing are reviewed in detail.The review will also discuss the preservative effect of bacteriocins and their combinations having multiple modes of action(hurdle approach)to reduce the microbial load as well as antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
Oil content estimation in palm fruits is a precious property that significantly impacts oil palm production,starting from the upstream and downstream.This content can be used to monitor the progress of the oil palm fr...Oil content estimation in palm fruits is a precious property that significantly impacts oil palm production,starting from the upstream and downstream.This content can be used to monitor the progress of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch(FFB)and be applied to identify product profitability.Based on the near-infrared(NIR)signals,this study proposes an empirical mode decomposition(EMD)technique to decompose signals and predict the oil content of palm fruit.First,350 palm fruits with Tenera varieties(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.var.tenera),at various ages of maturity,were harvested from the Cikabayan Oil Palm Plantation(IPB University,Indonesia).Second,each sample was sent directly to the laboratory for NIR signal measurements and oil content extraction.Then,the EMD analysis and arti-ficial neural network(ANN)were employed to correlate the NIR signals and oil content.Finally,a robust EMD-ANN model is generated by optimizing the lowest possible errors.Based on performance evaluation,the proposed technique can predict oil content with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.933±0.015 and a root mean squared error(RMSE)of 1.446±0.208.These results demonstrate that the model has a good predictive capacity and has the potential to predict the oil content of palm fruits directly,without neither solvents nor reagents,which makes it environmentally friendly.Therefore,the proposed technique has a promising potential to be applied in the oil palm industry.Measurements like this will lead to the effective and efficient management of oil palm production.展开更多
Deep knowledge of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of polymeric food systems,such as honey powders(HP)and coconut sugars(CS),has practical importance for industry and end users.This study investigated...Deep knowledge of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of polymeric food systems,such as honey powders(HP)and coconut sugars(CS),has practical importance for industry and end users.This study investigated the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)addition on microstructure,roughness,glass transition,α-relaxation temperatures and structural strength(S)of anhydrous complex carbohydrates mixtures.The addition of PVP slightly increased the glass transition andα-relaxation temperature for HP and CS systems as high molecular weight components.Systems with PVP addition showed“stronger”behaviour according to the S approach.Polarized light,scanning electron and atomic force microscopies showed slight differences in transparency and shapes between controls and systems with PVP addition.Surface morphological changes and roughness were investigated in this study to provide insight into HP and CS particles’structural changes.Moreover,S-involved structural diagrams were built to determine S parameters for controlling the structural transformation of HP and CS systems with and without PVP addition.The results obtained in this work provide new information on polymer-carbohydrate interactions in complex food systems and structural transformations during their production and storage.展开更多
文摘In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was aimed to confirm that oil obtained from compressing Sunan pecan seeds(Reutalis trisperma)is the suitable unedible raw oil material to be processed.By carrying out esterification and transesterification processes,the oil became biofuel which consists of various forms of long-chains components of fatty acid methyl ester(FAME).To make it usable for diesel engine,steps of further processes have been done,i.e.,purification and fractionation to produce FAME of single fatty acid components as well as selecting them by PROMETHEE method.The result showed that FAME with single unfractionated fatty acid components was closed to diesel oil characteristics and so the most appropriate biofuel for internal combustion engine.
文摘Impertinent uses of moldboard plows for tillage on wetland paddy soils,as far more than a century,caused damage to its important hardpan layer of 20-30 cm soil depth that led to some extent,the decrease of rice production than it should have been.The current study has been carried out to repair that damage to regain the“lost”of paddy yields by using the designed flat-symmetric plow that has a lift angle of 29°-30°.It is towed by a hand tractor of 12 horsepower(HP)at a travel speed of 1.11 m/s and a working depth of 10 cm in three blocks of a wetland paddy field in Bandung Sub-district of West-Java,Indonesia.Test results observed from the formed plow sole of 10-15 cm depth underneath after 3rd-time operations of the plow on the same track,indicated that there was a relatively small decrease of moisture content(MC)around 0.182%,as well as increases of cone index(CI)and bulk density(BD)around 0.172%and 0.171%,respectively.This plow was able to maintain,generate and stimulate the formation of hardpan right underneath the plow path.It was due to the improvement of hardpan physical-mechanical properties and would be more significant after frequent tillage using that plow.Hence,there is a chance to develop a tillage method in the development of an ideal wetland paddy cultivation system throughout Indonesian wetland paddy fields.
文摘The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of metabolic disorders in periparturient low milk production （〈 15 kg/d） dairy cows. Data were collected between April 2009 and April 2010 from randomly selected Holstein crossed breed dairy cow and heifer （30 cows ＇,and 10 heifers） on faculty farm of faculty of Natural Resources Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Skon-nakon Campus. Blood samples were collected weekly from each cow, starting 2 weeks before expected calving until 4 weeks postpartum. Serum was analyzed for NEFA and BHBA. The critical threshold for [NEFA] was defined as： 〉 0.4 mmol/L when 〈 -7 to 0 DIM, and 〉 0.7 mmol/L when 3 DIM. Postpartum sub-clinical ketosis （SK） was defined using [BHBA] 〉 14.4 mg/dl. The prevalence of elevated NEFA was 82.5%, 27.5%, 27.5% 7.5% and 7.5% in the dry period, 1st, 2nd 3rd and 5th weeks of lactation, respectively. The prevalence of SK was 12.5% at 2nd weeks of lactation. High prevalence of elevated NEFA during dry period through first 2 weeks of postpartum indicated that periparturient dairy cows suffered some degree of negative energy balance （NEB）. These resulted indicated that though, milk yield of these cows were not that high, NEB and ketosis are still major nutrient-related problems.
基金funded by the Academic Leadership Grant of Universitas Padjadjaran,Bandung,Indonesia,with grant number 1540/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2024the Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery,Bandung,Indonesia,with grant number B-1723/II.7/HK.01.00/4/2024.
文摘Konjac is an ideal candidate for edible coatings on fruits due to its hydrophilic properties,film-forming ability,barrier properties,safety,and biodegradability.Meanwhile,the high market demand for strawberries necessitates post-harvest treatment to extend their shelf life and preserve their quality,as strawberries are known for their fragile skin and soft texture.To fully utilize konjac and develop high-quality coatingfilms,native konjacflour(NKF)and konjac glucomannan(KGM)were extracted from its corm and used as a coatingfilm for strawberries in the present study.Therefore,this study aimed to compare the physical properties of thefilm coatings between NKF and KGM,and evaluate their effects on strawberries preservation over 7 days of storage.A multistage extrac-tion process was employed to isolate NKF and KGM,after which the glucomannan content was measured.NKF yield was 31.81%,exceeding KGM yield of 26.42%,and the glucomannan content obtained of NKF(25.93%)was higher than KGM(21.41%).Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that both NKF and KGM con-tain glucomannan in their structure.Furthermore,both NKF and KGM were combined with carboxymethyl cel-lulose(CMC)and glycerol to produce eight thin-layerfilms to assess their physical and mechanical properties.Compared to the KGM variant,the NKF variant generally exhibited higher moisture content,water vapor trans-mission rate,and tensile strength.However,NKF was less effective than KGM in extending strawberry storage life,leading to faster color changes and greater weight loss,despite maintaining similar hardness values.Nonetheless,konjac-based coatings were generally effective at maintaining the freshness and quality of strawberries compared to uncoated samples.Konjac shows promise as an edible coating,improving fresh produce shelf life and appeal,aligning with consumer preferences for natural and sustainable products.
文摘Emerging evidence shows the trend of using safe and natural preservatives like bacteriocins in food processing.The increasing demand by the food industry to extend keeping quality and prevent spoilage of various food products has appealed for new preservatives and new methods of conservation.Further,to discover the novel spectrum of antimicrobial compounds that could effectively battle food-borne pathogens,bacteriocins have been intensively studied in the last few years.Recently,great attention has been paid to the application of lactic acid-bacterial bacteriocins targeting food spoilage-causing or pathogenic microorganisms with no significant side effects.Different mechanisms of action like pore-formation,retarding cell-wall/nucleic acid/protein synthesis have been proposed and described for diverse bacteriocins.Therefore,the syntheses,purification of bacteriocins in addition to their applications as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food processing are reviewed in detail.The review will also discuss the preservative effect of bacteriocins and their combinations having multiple modes of action(hurdle approach)to reduce the microbial load as well as antimicrobial resistance.
基金the Research and Community Services Institution,IPB University(project no.10225/IT3.S3/KS/2020)。
文摘Oil content estimation in palm fruits is a precious property that significantly impacts oil palm production,starting from the upstream and downstream.This content can be used to monitor the progress of the oil palm fresh fruit bunch(FFB)and be applied to identify product profitability.Based on the near-infrared(NIR)signals,this study proposes an empirical mode decomposition(EMD)technique to decompose signals and predict the oil content of palm fruit.First,350 palm fruits with Tenera varieties(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.var.tenera),at various ages of maturity,were harvested from the Cikabayan Oil Palm Plantation(IPB University,Indonesia).Second,each sample was sent directly to the laboratory for NIR signal measurements and oil content extraction.Then,the EMD analysis and arti-ficial neural network(ANN)were employed to correlate the NIR signals and oil content.Finally,a robust EMD-ANN model is generated by optimizing the lowest possible errors.Based on performance evaluation,the proposed technique can predict oil content with a coefficient of determination(R2)of 0.933±0.015 and a root mean squared error(RMSE)of 1.446±0.208.These results demonstrate that the model has a good predictive capacity and has the potential to predict the oil content of palm fruits directly,without neither solvents nor reagents,which makes it environmentally friendly.Therefore,the proposed technique has a promising potential to be applied in the oil palm industry.Measurements like this will lead to the effective and efficient management of oil palm production.
基金This work was supported by the Food Institutional Research Measure(FIRM)project(DAIRYDRY 15-F-679)funded by the Irish Department of Agriculture,Food and Marine.
文摘Deep knowledge of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of polymeric food systems,such as honey powders(HP)and coconut sugars(CS),has practical importance for industry and end users.This study investigated the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)addition on microstructure,roughness,glass transition,α-relaxation temperatures and structural strength(S)of anhydrous complex carbohydrates mixtures.The addition of PVP slightly increased the glass transition andα-relaxation temperature for HP and CS systems as high molecular weight components.Systems with PVP addition showed“stronger”behaviour according to the S approach.Polarized light,scanning electron and atomic force microscopies showed slight differences in transparency and shapes between controls and systems with PVP addition.Surface morphological changes and roughness were investigated in this study to provide insight into HP and CS particles’structural changes.Moreover,S-involved structural diagrams were built to determine S parameters for controlling the structural transformation of HP and CS systems with and without PVP addition.The results obtained in this work provide new information on polymer-carbohydrate interactions in complex food systems and structural transformations during their production and storage.
