Fermented plant-based foods and beverages constitute foods of high nutritional and functional value with appreciated health beneficial effects.They represent a natural and sustainable alternative to counteract the lar...Fermented plant-based foods and beverages constitute foods of high nutritional and functional value with appreciated health beneficial effects.They represent a natural and sustainable alternative to counteract the large wastage of vegetables and fruits due to their short shelf life.Usually,the use of controlled fermentation process using autochthonous microorganisms adapted to their vegetable matrix is preferred instead of traditionally spontaneous fermentation to designing fermented vegetable foods with the desirable sensory,technological,nutritional and functional properties.This review summarizes the autochthonous microorganisms selected as starters for the successful fermentation of vegetables and fruits.The main beneficial properties of autochthonous starters and fermented vegetable products with a focus on human health are revised.展开更多
We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea–mammal networks from four biogeographic realms.We asked whether species positions(measured a...We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea–mammal networks from four biogeographic realms.We asked whether species positions(measured as species strength[SS],the degree of interaction specialization[d],and the eigenvector centrality[C])or the roles of fleas and their hosts in the interaction networks:(a)are repeatable/conserved within a flea or a host species;(b)vary in dependence on environmental variables and/or network size;and(c)the effects of environment and network size on species positions or roles in the networks depend on species traits.The repeatability analysis of species position indices for 441 flea and 429 host species,occurring in at least two networks,demonstrated that the repeatability of SS,d,and C within a species was significant,although not especially high,suggesting that the indices’values were affected by local factors.The majority of flea and host species in the majority of networks demonstrated a peripheral role.A value of at least one index of species position was significantly affected by environmental variables or network size in 41 and 36,respectively,of the 52 flea and 52 host species that occurred in multiple networks.In both fleas and hosts,the occurrence of the significant effect of environment or network size on at least one index of species position,but not on a species’role in a network,was associated with some species traits.展开更多
During the last decades the study of functional morphology received more attention incorporating more detailed data corresponding to the internal anatomy that together contribute for a better understanding of the func...During the last decades the study of functional morphology received more attention incorporating more detailed data corresponding to the internal anatomy that together contribute for a better understanding of the functional basis in locomotion.Here we focus on 2 lizard families,Tropiduridae and Liolaemidae,and use information related to muscle-tendinous and external morphology traits of hind legs.We investigate whether the value of the traits analyzed tend to exhibit a reduced phenotypic variation produced by stabilizing selection,and whether species showing specialization in their habitat use will also exhibit special morphological features related to it.As a result,we identified that evolution of hind limb traits is mainly explained by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model,suggesting stabilizing selection.Liolaemids and tropidurids show clear ecomorphological trends in the variables considered,with sand lizards presenting the most specialized morphological traits.Some ecomorphological trends differ between the 2 lineages,and traits of internal morphology tend to be more flexible than those of external morphology,restricting the ability to identify ecomorphs shared between these 2 lineages.Conservative traits of external morphology likely explain such restriction,as ecomorphs have been historically defined in other lizard clades based on variation of external morphology.展开更多
基金The present review was supported by the grant PICT-2017-4436 from Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica.
文摘Fermented plant-based foods and beverages constitute foods of high nutritional and functional value with appreciated health beneficial effects.They represent a natural and sustainable alternative to counteract the large wastage of vegetables and fruits due to their short shelf life.Usually,the use of controlled fermentation process using autochthonous microorganisms adapted to their vegetable matrix is preferred instead of traditionally spontaneous fermentation to designing fermented vegetable foods with the desirable sensory,technological,nutritional and functional properties.This review summarizes the autochthonous microorganisms selected as starters for the successful fermentation of vegetables and fruits.The main beneficial properties of autochthonous starters and fermented vegetable products with a focus on human health are revised.
基金supported by Israel Science Foundation(grant 548/23 to BRK and ISK).
文摘We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea–mammal networks from four biogeographic realms.We asked whether species positions(measured as species strength[SS],the degree of interaction specialization[d],and the eigenvector centrality[C])or the roles of fleas and their hosts in the interaction networks:(a)are repeatable/conserved within a flea or a host species;(b)vary in dependence on environmental variables and/or network size;and(c)the effects of environment and network size on species positions or roles in the networks depend on species traits.The repeatability analysis of species position indices for 441 flea and 429 host species,occurring in at least two networks,demonstrated that the repeatability of SS,d,and C within a species was significant,although not especially high,suggesting that the indices’values were affected by local factors.The majority of flea and host species in the majority of networks demonstrated a peripheral role.A value of at least one index of species position was significantly affected by environmental variables or network size in 41 and 36,respectively,of the 52 flea and 52 host species that occurred in multiple networks.In both fleas and hosts,the occurrence of the significant effect of environment or network size on at least one index of species position,but not on a species’role in a network,was associated with some species traits.
基金funded by a CONICET grant(1035/2013)awarded to VA and the FAPESP grant 2012/51012-6 awarded to TK as part of an international collaboration initiative between Argentinian and Brazilian funding agencies and PIP CONICET 0284 to VA.Lina Moreno Azócar and R.Brandt were very helpful with statistical discussions during the process of data analyses.
文摘During the last decades the study of functional morphology received more attention incorporating more detailed data corresponding to the internal anatomy that together contribute for a better understanding of the functional basis in locomotion.Here we focus on 2 lizard families,Tropiduridae and Liolaemidae,and use information related to muscle-tendinous and external morphology traits of hind legs.We investigate whether the value of the traits analyzed tend to exhibit a reduced phenotypic variation produced by stabilizing selection,and whether species showing specialization in their habitat use will also exhibit special morphological features related to it.As a result,we identified that evolution of hind limb traits is mainly explained by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model,suggesting stabilizing selection.Liolaemids and tropidurids show clear ecomorphological trends in the variables considered,with sand lizards presenting the most specialized morphological traits.Some ecomorphological trends differ between the 2 lineages,and traits of internal morphology tend to be more flexible than those of external morphology,restricting the ability to identify ecomorphs shared between these 2 lineages.Conservative traits of external morphology likely explain such restriction,as ecomorphs have been historically defined in other lizard clades based on variation of external morphology.
