Xylanase is a hemicellulase that can hydrolyses the complex polysaccharides.Hemicelluloses are main components of cell walls of cereal grains.Moreover,hemicelluloses are considered as potential sources of mono-and oli...Xylanase is a hemicellulase that can hydrolyses the complex polysaccharides.Hemicelluloses are main components of cell walls of cereal grains.Moreover,hemicelluloses are considered as potential sources of mono-and oligosaccharides.In this study,influence of xylanase on the physicochemical properties and sensory qualities of the whole wheat bread during storage was investigated.Studies of whole wheat bread on microstructure,texture,thermotics,Scanning Electron Microscopic(SEM),X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)were conducted at ambient temperature of 25 and 4◦C respectively.During storage at different temperatures,bread containing xylanase exhibited less firmness but larger volume with whiter crumb color and longer shelf life as compared to control bread.Results of firmness,enthalpy,Fourier Transformation Infra Red(FTIR)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)studies suggested a lower staling rate of bread containing xylanase as compared to control one.Bread containing xylanase showed a smoother surface and more uniform pore size than the control.Significant differences in microstructure of control and bread containing xylanase were observed which might be attributed due to the change in water starch gluten interaction.These differences were also found to be interrelated to the textural properties of bread.Better sensory features were achieved in bread containing xylanase.展开更多
The present paper investigates the effects of a vertical magnetic field on the double diffusive nanofluid convection, The effects of the Brownian motion and ther- mophoresis due to the presence of nanoparticles and th...The present paper investigates the effects of a vertical magnetic field on the double diffusive nanofluid convection, The effects of the Brownian motion and ther- mophoresis due to the presence of nanoparticles and the effects of the Dufour and Sorer parameters due to the presence of solute are included in the investigated model. The normal mode technique is used to solve the conservation equations. For the analytical study, valid approximations are made in the complex expression for the Rayleigh number to get useful and interesting results. The bottom heavy binary nanofluids are more stable than the regular binary fluids, while the top heavy binary nanofluids are less stable than the regular binary fluids. The critical wave number and the critical Rayleigh number in- crease whereas the frequency of oscillation （for the bottom heavy configuration） decreases when the Chandrasekhar number increases. The numerical results for the alumina-water nanofiuid are studied by use of the MATHEMATICA software.展开更多
Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free radicals.This phenomenon is widely us...Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free radicals.This phenomenon is widely used for the photocatalysis-assisted removal of organic and other contaminants using wide range of nanophotocatalysts,offering an efficient approach to environmental remediation.However,the introduction of powdered nano-photocatalysts into water systems often leads to unintended secondary pollution in the form of residual nano-photocatalysts,ion leaching,free radicals,toxic by-products etc.Such practices potentially introduce emerging secondary contaminants into aquatic environments,posing risks to both aquatic life and human health.The resulting chemical by-products and intermediates can effectively induce chronic toxicity,neurological and developmental disorders,cardiovascular defects,and intestinal ailments in humans and aquatic species.Despite having a range of health and environmental consequences,this dark side of nano-photocatalysts has been comparatively less explored and discussed in the literature.In this review,the pros and cons of powder nanophotocatalysts are discussed in view of their advantages as well as disadvantages in wastewater treatment.The discussion encompasses their classification based on composition,dimensions,structure,and activity,as well as recent advancements in improving their photocatalytic efficiency.The article also explores the recent advances on their applications in photocatalytic removal of various water pollutants/contaminants of emerging concern(i.e.,organic pollutants,micro/nano plastics,heavy ions,disinfections,etc.)Furthermore,an emphasis on the role of such nano-photocatalysts as emerging(secondary)contaminants in water system,along with a thorough discussion of latest studies related to the health and environmental issues,has been discussed.Additionally,it addresses critical issues in applying powder nano-photocatalysts for wastewater detoxification and explores potential solutions to these challenges followed by future prospects.展开更多
文摘Xylanase is a hemicellulase that can hydrolyses the complex polysaccharides.Hemicelluloses are main components of cell walls of cereal grains.Moreover,hemicelluloses are considered as potential sources of mono-and oligosaccharides.In this study,influence of xylanase on the physicochemical properties and sensory qualities of the whole wheat bread during storage was investigated.Studies of whole wheat bread on microstructure,texture,thermotics,Scanning Electron Microscopic(SEM),X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)were conducted at ambient temperature of 25 and 4◦C respectively.During storage at different temperatures,bread containing xylanase exhibited less firmness but larger volume with whiter crumb color and longer shelf life as compared to control bread.Results of firmness,enthalpy,Fourier Transformation Infra Red(FTIR)and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD)studies suggested a lower staling rate of bread containing xylanase as compared to control one.Bread containing xylanase showed a smoother surface and more uniform pore size than the control.Significant differences in microstructure of control and bread containing xylanase were observed which might be attributed due to the change in water starch gluten interaction.These differences were also found to be interrelated to the textural properties of bread.Better sensory features were achieved in bread containing xylanase.
文摘The present paper investigates the effects of a vertical magnetic field on the double diffusive nanofluid convection, The effects of the Brownian motion and ther- mophoresis due to the presence of nanoparticles and the effects of the Dufour and Sorer parameters due to the presence of solute are included in the investigated model. The normal mode technique is used to solve the conservation equations. For the analytical study, valid approximations are made in the complex expression for the Rayleigh number to get useful and interesting results. The bottom heavy binary nanofluids are more stable than the regular binary fluids, while the top heavy binary nanofluids are less stable than the regular binary fluids. The critical wave number and the critical Rayleigh number in- crease whereas the frequency of oscillation （for the bottom heavy configuration） decreases when the Chandrasekhar number increases. The numerical results for the alumina-water nanofiuid are studied by use of the MATHEMATICA software.
基金Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi for providing Junior Research Fellowship(JRF),Ministry of Education(MoE)New Delhi and National Institute of Technology(NIT),Hamirpur for financial support.
文摘Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free radicals.This phenomenon is widely used for the photocatalysis-assisted removal of organic and other contaminants using wide range of nanophotocatalysts,offering an efficient approach to environmental remediation.However,the introduction of powdered nano-photocatalysts into water systems often leads to unintended secondary pollution in the form of residual nano-photocatalysts,ion leaching,free radicals,toxic by-products etc.Such practices potentially introduce emerging secondary contaminants into aquatic environments,posing risks to both aquatic life and human health.The resulting chemical by-products and intermediates can effectively induce chronic toxicity,neurological and developmental disorders,cardiovascular defects,and intestinal ailments in humans and aquatic species.Despite having a range of health and environmental consequences,this dark side of nano-photocatalysts has been comparatively less explored and discussed in the literature.In this review,the pros and cons of powder nanophotocatalysts are discussed in view of their advantages as well as disadvantages in wastewater treatment.The discussion encompasses their classification based on composition,dimensions,structure,and activity,as well as recent advancements in improving their photocatalytic efficiency.The article also explores the recent advances on their applications in photocatalytic removal of various water pollutants/contaminants of emerging concern(i.e.,organic pollutants,micro/nano plastics,heavy ions,disinfections,etc.)Furthermore,an emphasis on the role of such nano-photocatalysts as emerging(secondary)contaminants in water system,along with a thorough discussion of latest studies related to the health and environmental issues,has been discussed.Additionally,it addresses critical issues in applying powder nano-photocatalysts for wastewater detoxification and explores potential solutions to these challenges followed by future prospects.
