Gallstone disease and complications from gallstones are a common clinical problem.The clinical presentation ranges between being asymptomatic and recurrent attacks of biliary pain requiring elective or emergency treat...Gallstone disease and complications from gallstones are a common clinical problem.The clinical presentation ranges between being asymptomatic and recurrent attacks of biliary pain requiring elective or emergency treatment.Bile duct stones are a frequent condition associated with cholelithiasis.Amidst the total cholecystectomies performed every year for cholelithiasis,the presence of bile duct stones is 5%-15%;another small percentage of these will develop common bile duct stones after intervention.To avoid serious complications that can occur in choledocholithiasis,these stones should be removed.Unfortunately,there is no consensus on the ideal management strategy to perform such.For a long time,a direct open surgical approach to the bile duct was the only unique approach.With the advent of advanced endoscopic,radiologic,and minimally invasive surgical techniques,however,therapeutic choices have increased in number,and the management of this pathological situation has become multidisciplinary.To date,there is agreement on preoperative management and the need to treat cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis,but a debate still exists on how to cure the two diseases at the same time.In the era of laparoscopy and miniinvasiveness,we can say that therapeutic approaches can be performed in two sessions or in one session.Comparison of these two approaches showed equivalent success rates,postoperative morbidity,stone clearance,mortality,conversion to other procedures,total surgery time,and failure rate,but the onesession treatment is characterized by a shorter hospital stay,and more cost benefits.The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with a general summary of gallbladder stone disease in association with the presence of common bile duct stones by discussing their epidemiology,clinical and diagnostic aspects,and possible treatments and their advantages and limitations.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is a new branch of computer science involving many disciplines and technologies.Since its application in the medical field,it has been constantly studied and developed.AI includes machine le...Artificial intelligence(AI)is a new branch of computer science involving many disciplines and technologies.Since its application in the medical field,it has been constantly studied and developed.AI includes machine learning and neural networks to create new technologies or to improve existing ones.Various AI supporting systems are available for a personalized and novel strategy for the management of colorectal cancer(CRC).This mini-review aims to summarize the progress of research and possible clinical applications of AI in the investigation,early diagnosis,treatment,and management of CRC,to offer elements of knowledge as a starting point for new studies and future applications.展开更多
文摘Gallstone disease and complications from gallstones are a common clinical problem.The clinical presentation ranges between being asymptomatic and recurrent attacks of biliary pain requiring elective or emergency treatment.Bile duct stones are a frequent condition associated with cholelithiasis.Amidst the total cholecystectomies performed every year for cholelithiasis,the presence of bile duct stones is 5%-15%;another small percentage of these will develop common bile duct stones after intervention.To avoid serious complications that can occur in choledocholithiasis,these stones should be removed.Unfortunately,there is no consensus on the ideal management strategy to perform such.For a long time,a direct open surgical approach to the bile duct was the only unique approach.With the advent of advanced endoscopic,radiologic,and minimally invasive surgical techniques,however,therapeutic choices have increased in number,and the management of this pathological situation has become multidisciplinary.To date,there is agreement on preoperative management and the need to treat cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis,but a debate still exists on how to cure the two diseases at the same time.In the era of laparoscopy and miniinvasiveness,we can say that therapeutic approaches can be performed in two sessions or in one session.Comparison of these two approaches showed equivalent success rates,postoperative morbidity,stone clearance,mortality,conversion to other procedures,total surgery time,and failure rate,but the onesession treatment is characterized by a shorter hospital stay,and more cost benefits.The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with a general summary of gallbladder stone disease in association with the presence of common bile duct stones by discussing their epidemiology,clinical and diagnostic aspects,and possible treatments and their advantages and limitations.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is a new branch of computer science involving many disciplines and technologies.Since its application in the medical field,it has been constantly studied and developed.AI includes machine learning and neural networks to create new technologies or to improve existing ones.Various AI supporting systems are available for a personalized and novel strategy for the management of colorectal cancer(CRC).This mini-review aims to summarize the progress of research and possible clinical applications of AI in the investigation,early diagnosis,treatment,and management of CRC,to offer elements of knowledge as a starting point for new studies and future applications.
