Importance:Nutrition is associated with neurodevelopment.Infants at high risk of cerebral palsy(CP)usually suffer from undernutrition,yet the relationship between nutritional status and neurodevelopmental levels is un...Importance:Nutrition is associated with neurodevelopment.Infants at high risk of cerebral palsy(CP)usually suffer from undernutrition,yet the relationship between nutritional status and neurodevelopmental levels is unclear.Objective:To describe the nutritional status characteristics of infants at high risk of CP,and to explore the relationship between neurodevelopmental levels and nutritional status.Methods:This single-center cross-sectional study enrolled infants at high risk of CP,with corrected age from 0 days to 12 months.Weight and height were measured and calculated into z-scores,which were used to classify the nutritional status based on the World Health Organization growth charts and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition standards.The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development were used to evaluate the developmental levels of gross motor,fine motor,cognition,receptive communication,and expressive communication.Results:A total of 479 infants at high risk of CP were recruited,with 43.4%classified as undernutrition.Compared to those with normal neurodevelopment,the odds of moderate and severe undernutrition were about 1.8 and 3.9 times higher in gross motor delay,2.2 and 3.1 times higher in fine motor delay,2.5 and 9.4 times higher in cognition delay,2.2 and 3.9 times higher in receptive communication delay,and 3.0 and 5.6 times higher in expressive communication delay.There were significant positive correlations between nutritional status and neurodevelopmental levels(P<0.001).Interpretation:Undernutrition and neurodevelopmental delays are prevalent among infants at high risk of CP.Worse nutritional status was correlated with lower neurodevelopmental levels.展开更多
The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control.More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulu...The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control.More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum.However,during protein folding,unfolded and/or misfolded proteins are prone to occur,which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress.Organisms can monitor the quality of the proteins produced by endoplasmic reticulum quality control(ERQC)and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation(ERAD),which maintain endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis by degrading abnormally folded proteins.The underlying mechanisms of protein folding and ERAD in mammals have not yet been fully explored.Therefore,this paper reviews the process and function of protein folding and ERAD in mammalian cells,in order to help clinicians better understand the mechanism of ERAD and to provide a scientific reference for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal ERAD.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA),characterized by cartilage degeneration,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodeling,is among the most common musculoskeletal disorders globally in people over 60 years of age.The initiatio...Osteoarthritis(OA),characterized by cartilage degeneration,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodeling,is among the most common musculoskeletal disorders globally in people over 60 years of age.The initiation and progression of OA involves the abnormal metabolism of chondrocytes as an important pathogenic process.Cartilage degeneration features mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the important causative factors of abnormal chondrocyte metabolism.Therefore,maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is an important strategy to mitigate OA.Mitophagy is a vital process for autophagosomes to target,engulf,and remove damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria,thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.Cumulative studies have revealed a strong association between mitophagy and OA,suggesting that the regulation of mitophagy may be a novel therapeutic direction for OA.By reviewing the literature on mitophagy and OA published in recent years,this paper elaborates the potential mechanism of mitophagy regulating OA,thus providing a theoretical basis for studies related to mitophagy to develop new treatment options for OA.展开更多
The systematic reviews(SRs) including a meta-analysis are considered as the top level of evidence.Although the existence of more than a hundred of low back pain(LBP)-related SRs seems very appealing and might therefor...The systematic reviews(SRs) including a meta-analysis are considered as the top level of evidence.Although the existence of more than a hundred of low back pain(LBP)-related SRs seems very appealing and might therefore suggest significant evidence on the topic,adeep analysis indicates that several of these SRs included only very few studies.Other SRs raise concerns because they included some randomized controlled trials which had a low methodological quality,or some studies which differed significantly regarding the studied populations and/or the experimental procedure.The sometimes controversial results of different SRs conducted on the same topic also highlight the significant influence of the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the SRs to select the articles.To conclude,although meta-analysis is at the top of the evidence pyramid and have several strengths,the conclusions drawn from SRs should always be interpreted with caution because they can also have weaknesses.This is true,whether it be for LBP-related SRs including a meta-analysis,or any other.Therefore a critical analysis of any SR is always needed before integrating the results of the SR in its own clinical practice.Furthermore,clinical reasoning remains crucial,especially to consider the potential differences between one's patient and the patients included in the meta-analysis.展开更多
基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,Grant/Award Numbers:2023A03J0919,2024A03J01274Bureau of Science and Technology of Guangzhou Municipality+3 种基金Featured Clinical Technique of Guangzhou,Grant/Award Number:2023C-TS59General Guidance Project of Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Numbers:20241A011030,20241A010023Guangzhou Municipal Health CommissionPlan on enhancing scientific research in Guangzhou Medical University,Grant/Award Number:GMUCR2024-02020
文摘Importance:Nutrition is associated with neurodevelopment.Infants at high risk of cerebral palsy(CP)usually suffer from undernutrition,yet the relationship between nutritional status and neurodevelopmental levels is unclear.Objective:To describe the nutritional status characteristics of infants at high risk of CP,and to explore the relationship between neurodevelopmental levels and nutritional status.Methods:This single-center cross-sectional study enrolled infants at high risk of CP,with corrected age from 0 days to 12 months.Weight and height were measured and calculated into z-scores,which were used to classify the nutritional status based on the World Health Organization growth charts and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition standards.The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development were used to evaluate the developmental levels of gross motor,fine motor,cognition,receptive communication,and expressive communication.Results:A total of 479 infants at high risk of CP were recruited,with 43.4%classified as undernutrition.Compared to those with normal neurodevelopment,the odds of moderate and severe undernutrition were about 1.8 and 3.9 times higher in gross motor delay,2.2 and 3.1 times higher in fine motor delay,2.5 and 9.4 times higher in cognition delay,2.2 and 3.9 times higher in receptive communication delay,and 3.0 and 5.6 times higher in expressive communication delay.There were significant positive correlations between nutritional status and neurodevelopmental levels(P<0.001).Interpretation:Undernutrition and neurodevelopmental delays are prevalent among infants at high risk of CP.Worse nutritional status was correlated with lower neurodevelopmental levels.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071762)the Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance(Shanghai University of Sport)(No.11DZ2261100)the 2021 Capacity Building of Shanghai Universities(No.21010503600),China。
文摘The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control.More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum.However,during protein folding,unfolded and/or misfolded proteins are prone to occur,which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress.Organisms can monitor the quality of the proteins produced by endoplasmic reticulum quality control(ERQC)and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation(ERAD),which maintain endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis by degrading abnormally folded proteins.The underlying mechanisms of protein folding and ERAD in mammals have not yet been fully explored.Therefore,this paper reviews the process and function of protein folding and ERAD in mammalian cells,in order to help clinicians better understand the mechanism of ERAD and to provide a scientific reference for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal ERAD.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071762)the Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance(Shanghai University of Sport)(No.11DZ2261100)the 2021 Capacity Building of Shanghai Universities(No.21010503600),China。
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA),characterized by cartilage degeneration,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodeling,is among the most common musculoskeletal disorders globally in people over 60 years of age.The initiation and progression of OA involves the abnormal metabolism of chondrocytes as an important pathogenic process.Cartilage degeneration features mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the important causative factors of abnormal chondrocyte metabolism.Therefore,maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is an important strategy to mitigate OA.Mitophagy is a vital process for autophagosomes to target,engulf,and remove damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria,thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.Cumulative studies have revealed a strong association between mitophagy and OA,suggesting that the regulation of mitophagy may be a novel therapeutic direction for OA.By reviewing the literature on mitophagy and OA published in recent years,this paper elaborates the potential mechanism of mitophagy regulating OA,thus providing a theoretical basis for studies related to mitophagy to develop new treatment options for OA.
文摘The systematic reviews(SRs) including a meta-analysis are considered as the top level of evidence.Although the existence of more than a hundred of low back pain(LBP)-related SRs seems very appealing and might therefore suggest significant evidence on the topic,adeep analysis indicates that several of these SRs included only very few studies.Other SRs raise concerns because they included some randomized controlled trials which had a low methodological quality,or some studies which differed significantly regarding the studied populations and/or the experimental procedure.The sometimes controversial results of different SRs conducted on the same topic also highlight the significant influence of the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the SRs to select the articles.To conclude,although meta-analysis is at the top of the evidence pyramid and have several strengths,the conclusions drawn from SRs should always be interpreted with caution because they can also have weaknesses.This is true,whether it be for LBP-related SRs including a meta-analysis,or any other.Therefore a critical analysis of any SR is always needed before integrating the results of the SR in its own clinical practice.Furthermore,clinical reasoning remains crucial,especially to consider the potential differences between one's patient and the patients included in the meta-analysis.
