The study was carried out using 328 Clarias gariepinus specimens over a period of two years, from Oba reservoir (08°3'N to 08°12'N and 004°6'E to 004°12'E) Ogbomoso,...The study was carried out using 328 Clarias gariepinus specimens over a period of two years, from Oba reservoir (08°3'N to 08°12'N and 004°6'E to 004°12'E) Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Standard methods were used to determine length-weight relationship, condition factor, and enteroparasitic infestation of the fish in the reservoir. Generally, Fish growth was positively allometric, while infested male and female fishes had negative allometric growth. The general well-being of the male fish was better than that of the female fish. Smaller sized fishes were better adapted to the ecological conditions of the reservoir than the bigger fishes. Parasites recovered were two Nematodes (Procamallanus laevionchus, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx), three Cestodes (Anomotaenia sp. Monobothrium sp., Polyonchobothrium clariae), and one Acanthocephalan (Neoechinorhynchus rutili). Sex ratio was 1.3:1 (male: female). Parasitic prevalence and intensity in the fish were sex and season dependent. The effect of enteroparasites in the life of infested C. gariepinus was found to probably be a major factor responsible for the low percentage of good fit to the line of regression (R2) in females. Infestation also led to loss of weight in infested fishes and this affected morphometric values in which body weight was an index.展开更多
This study describes the bio-ecology of local Anopheles vectors, their abundance, type and vectoral competence in three communities around Kumasi Metropolis. The study sites were selected based on bio-ecologic zones ...This study describes the bio-ecology of local Anopheles vectors, their abundance, type and vectoral competence in three communities around Kumasi Metropolis. The study sites were selected based on bio-ecologic zones （urban, peri-urban and rural） which influence habitat and behavior. Pyrethrum spray catch was used in the collection of indoor resting mosquitoes from bedrooms of study communities （June-August 2008）. The identification of mosquitoes was based on morphological keys earlier described. The blood meal taken and the stage of digestion and egg development were also observed. A total of 293 mosquitoes were collected and 50.5% were A. gambiae s.I. Of the three bio-ecologic zones： urban, 53.4% were A. gambiae s.l, 27.2% Culex and 19.4% Mansonia; peri-urban, 58% A. gambiae s. 1 and 42% Culex pipien s. 1 and rural, 40.2% A. gambiae s. 1, and 58.8% Culex sp respectively. About 96.6% of all mosquitoes collected had taken blood meals, with 50% of these being Anopheles gambiae s.I. Our findings indicate that urban rather exhibits rural characteristics and can best be described as ＂urban poor＂. However, more data need to be collected to ascertain this. The anopheline mosquitoes in the study communities are highly endophillic and anthropophagic and thus have high vectoral competence. The authors recommend frequent mosquito surveillance to avert malaria epidemic.展开更多
The effects of chemical agent(Sodium Azide)on Onion growing in organic and inorganic fertile soil was to be examined during this study.The analysis work was carried out within the green house of the research lab...The effects of chemical agent(Sodium Azide)on Onion growing in organic and inorganic fertile soil was to be examined during this study.The analysis work was carried out within the green house of the research laboratory technology of the Oke Ogun Science Laboratory Technology,Saki,Oyo State.Onion seeds were soaked inside different beakers containing the mixture of Sodium Azide and water mixed with 10 ml of Phosphate solution for 4 hours.Also,the control was soaked with normal water and 10 ml of Phosphate buffer solution.The treated seeds of onions was planted in plastic containers containing 4.2 g of weighed humus soil within the green house at the Department of research lab Technology of The Oke Ogun polytechnic school,Saki Oyo State.The samples parameter were taken daily for six consecutive months.The result obtained was additionally subjected to statistical analysis by using DMRT techniques.The results showed that the stem length was ranged from 11.39±0.62 and 9.98±0.52 with sample of onion without sodium Azide and inorganic had the highest stem length values and samples of onion with Sodium Azide and inorganic had very cheap stem length.However,the leave length ranged from 29.63±0.12 and 22.45±0.10 with the Onion samples with inorganic and Organic fertilizers which had the highest leave length and sample of onion without Sodium Azide was very low leave length.The results of this study showed that each one the parameters studied within the plant were low with Sodium Azide treatment.The decrease in plant growth,plant heights,root lengths,and Phaonerogam survival,fruit yield per plant and height at maturity with agent concentration.It is hereof suggested that Sodium Azide(NaN3)was expected to produce mutation in onion that area unit extremely liable to harmful pathogens and making them cheap to be useful for farmers.展开更多
Objective:In this study,an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark of Alstonia boonei and dried cloves–Syzygium aromaticum was investigated for cytogenotoxicity,mutagenicity and histopathological effects follo...Objective:In this study,an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark of Alstonia boonei and dried cloves–Syzygium aromaticum was investigated for cytogenotoxicity,mutagenicity and histopathological effects following the micronucleus and sperm morphology assays using Wistar albino rats.Methods:The rats were administered anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe at 25.0%,50.0%and 100.0%,while distilled water and 0.05%sodium azide were the negative and positive controls,respectively.Phytochemicals in the herbal recipe were elucidated using the Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection(GC-FID)techniques.Results:In the treated rats,there was increase in body weight,cells division inhibition,micronucleated polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs&MNNCEs)and abnormal sperm cells were significantly induced at 100.0%(P<0.05),whereas 25.0%herbal recipe promoted cell division.The herbal recipe at 50.0%and 100.0%did not cause any histopathological damages on the liver,kidney and testis except at 25.0%.Polyphenolics,terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in this anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe which could be cytotoxic,clastogenic and spermatotoxic at a high concentration(100.0%).Conclusion:These results necessitate regulation and control of consumption of the anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe by people through the authorized government agencies in Nigeria.展开更多
文摘The study was carried out using 328 Clarias gariepinus specimens over a period of two years, from Oba reservoir (08°3'N to 08°12'N and 004°6'E to 004°12'E) Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Standard methods were used to determine length-weight relationship, condition factor, and enteroparasitic infestation of the fish in the reservoir. Generally, Fish growth was positively allometric, while infested male and female fishes had negative allometric growth. The general well-being of the male fish was better than that of the female fish. Smaller sized fishes were better adapted to the ecological conditions of the reservoir than the bigger fishes. Parasites recovered were two Nematodes (Procamallanus laevionchus, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx), three Cestodes (Anomotaenia sp. Monobothrium sp., Polyonchobothrium clariae), and one Acanthocephalan (Neoechinorhynchus rutili). Sex ratio was 1.3:1 (male: female). Parasitic prevalence and intensity in the fish were sex and season dependent. The effect of enteroparasites in the life of infested C. gariepinus was found to probably be a major factor responsible for the low percentage of good fit to the line of regression (R2) in females. Infestation also led to loss of weight in infested fishes and this affected morphometric values in which body weight was an index.
文摘This study describes the bio-ecology of local Anopheles vectors, their abundance, type and vectoral competence in three communities around Kumasi Metropolis. The study sites were selected based on bio-ecologic zones （urban, peri-urban and rural） which influence habitat and behavior. Pyrethrum spray catch was used in the collection of indoor resting mosquitoes from bedrooms of study communities （June-August 2008）. The identification of mosquitoes was based on morphological keys earlier described. The blood meal taken and the stage of digestion and egg development were also observed. A total of 293 mosquitoes were collected and 50.5% were A. gambiae s.I. Of the three bio-ecologic zones： urban, 53.4% were A. gambiae s.l, 27.2% Culex and 19.4% Mansonia; peri-urban, 58% A. gambiae s. 1 and 42% Culex pipien s. 1 and rural, 40.2% A. gambiae s. 1, and 58.8% Culex sp respectively. About 96.6% of all mosquitoes collected had taken blood meals, with 50% of these being Anopheles gambiae s.I. Our findings indicate that urban rather exhibits rural characteristics and can best be described as ＂urban poor＂. However, more data need to be collected to ascertain this. The anopheline mosquitoes in the study communities are highly endophillic and anthropophagic and thus have high vectoral competence. The authors recommend frequent mosquito surveillance to avert malaria epidemic.
文摘The effects of chemical agent(Sodium Azide)on Onion growing in organic and inorganic fertile soil was to be examined during this study.The analysis work was carried out within the green house of the research laboratory technology of the Oke Ogun Science Laboratory Technology,Saki,Oyo State.Onion seeds were soaked inside different beakers containing the mixture of Sodium Azide and water mixed with 10 ml of Phosphate solution for 4 hours.Also,the control was soaked with normal water and 10 ml of Phosphate buffer solution.The treated seeds of onions was planted in plastic containers containing 4.2 g of weighed humus soil within the green house at the Department of research lab Technology of The Oke Ogun polytechnic school,Saki Oyo State.The samples parameter were taken daily for six consecutive months.The result obtained was additionally subjected to statistical analysis by using DMRT techniques.The results showed that the stem length was ranged from 11.39±0.62 and 9.98±0.52 with sample of onion without sodium Azide and inorganic had the highest stem length values and samples of onion with Sodium Azide and inorganic had very cheap stem length.However,the leave length ranged from 29.63±0.12 and 22.45±0.10 with the Onion samples with inorganic and Organic fertilizers which had the highest leave length and sample of onion without Sodium Azide was very low leave length.The results of this study showed that each one the parameters studied within the plant were low with Sodium Azide treatment.The decrease in plant growth,plant heights,root lengths,and Phaonerogam survival,fruit yield per plant and height at maturity with agent concentration.It is hereof suggested that Sodium Azide(NaN3)was expected to produce mutation in onion that area unit extremely liable to harmful pathogens and making them cheap to be useful for farmers.
文摘Objective:In this study,an anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe containing bark of Alstonia boonei and dried cloves–Syzygium aromaticum was investigated for cytogenotoxicity,mutagenicity and histopathological effects following the micronucleus and sperm morphology assays using Wistar albino rats.Methods:The rats were administered anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe at 25.0%,50.0%and 100.0%,while distilled water and 0.05%sodium azide were the negative and positive controls,respectively.Phytochemicals in the herbal recipe were elucidated using the Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection(GC-FID)techniques.Results:In the treated rats,there was increase in body weight,cells division inhibition,micronucleated polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs&MNNCEs)and abnormal sperm cells were significantly induced at 100.0%(P<0.05),whereas 25.0%herbal recipe promoted cell division.The herbal recipe at 50.0%and 100.0%did not cause any histopathological damages on the liver,kidney and testis except at 25.0%.Polyphenolics,terpenoids and alkaloids were detected in this anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe which could be cytotoxic,clastogenic and spermatotoxic at a high concentration(100.0%).Conclusion:These results necessitate regulation and control of consumption of the anti-haemorrhoid herbal recipe by people through the authorized government agencies in Nigeria.
