Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability i...Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids.Consequently,this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers,estimating effects of general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters,identifying high yielding hybrids,and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance.Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized to develop 21 F_(1) hybrids from seven diverse maize inbred lines.The F_(1) hybrids along with check hybrid(SC-10),were investigated in a field trial over two growing seasons under arid conditions.The assessed F_(1) hybrids displayed significant genetic variations across all recorded traits.The inbreds P_(1) and P_(3) were detected as effective combiners to develop early maturing hybrids.Additionally,P_(3) and P_(4) were recognized as better combiners for improving grain yield and yield attributed characters.The hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) displayed significant SCA effects coupled with favorable agronomic performance.These hybrids are recommended for further evaluation and release as variety for arid environments to increase total maize production and contribute to food security.The alleles per locus differed between 2 and 5,with average of 3.5 alleles/locus.The polymorphic information content(PIC)altered between 0.21 to 0.74,with a mean of 0.56.Unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the inbred lines into three clusters,providing a valuable tool to decrease the crosses needed to be assessed in the trial field.Parental genetic distance varied from 0.63 to 0.90,averaging 0.79.The relationship between genetic diversity assessed through SSR markers and SCA effects was insignificant for all considered traits.Otherwise,SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting that SCA serves as a reliable predictor for hybrid performance.The assessed maize inbred lines and developed hybrids revealed substantial genetic variability,offering valuable resources for enhancing maize productivity under arid conditions.The identified promising inbred lines(P_(1),P_(3),and P_(4))might be regarded as effective combiners for developing early-maturing genotypes and excellent combiners for enhancing yield attributes.Notably,the developed hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) possessed significant SCA alongside superior yield traits.SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting its potential as a reliable predictor for the performance of developed hybrids.展开更多
This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Morace...This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Moraceae family.The species samples were collected from various locations in Egypt.The study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage leaves.Since the identification and classification of taxa are highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves,the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of a comparison between the examined plants in the data matrix.This study aims to contribute to the identification of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured leaves.Anatomical characterization includes the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle;the number of palisade and spongy layers;crystals;secretory elements;lithocysts;the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with mechanical tissue,vascular system,and investigation of trichomes;on the other hand,in the current study,the phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S sequences.From the analysis of all the available data,it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiologic...Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiological,and cytological alterations.Nigella sativa L.,also known as black cumin,is an annual herb with important commercial and medicinal uses.Thymoquinone,the primary bioactive compound in Nigella sativa L.,is renowned for its potential health benefits.The current experiment aimed to ascertain the effects of various concentrations(10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm)of cadmium nitrate(Cd(NO_(3+))_(2))on two Nigella sativa cultivars(AN20 and Desi),analyzing their biological,physiological,quantitative attributes and cytological abnormalities in the M1 generation.It adversely effects biological,morpho-physiological,quantitative attributes at higher concentrations(30,40 and 50 ppm).Morphological variations were observed in terms of cotyledonary leaf(shape and color),vegetative leaves(shape,size and color),plant height(tall and dwarf),growth pattern(bushy and unbranched),flower(no.of petals,androecium and gynoecium),capsules(no.of locules)and seeds(size,color and texture).With increasing cadmium concentration,both physiological and quantitative characteristics declined in a dose-dependent manner,while proline content increased correspondingly with higher concentrations of Cd(NO3)2.The maximum depreciation was found at the highest cadmium nitrate concentration(i.e.,50 ppm).Cadmium nitrate significantly impacts the desi cultivar more than the AN20 cultivar.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe stomatal morphology,which showed changes in stomatal size and structure.The variation in area percentage of compounds such as Thymoquinone;p-cymene;9-Octadecenoic acid;9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,methyl ester;1,2,3-propanetriyl was detected by GC MS Analysis.The current study demonstrated that Nigella sativa cultivars AN20 and desi were successfully tested for induced mutagenesis,and it also offered a method that might be applied to future mutational breeding projects.展开更多
Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from cli...Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases.Therefore,two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress.In the current study,we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons(from 2020/21 to 2021/22).The findings demonstrated a reduced incidence of foliar fungal diseases(leaf rust,net blotch,and powdery mildew)under severe drought stress relative to standard irrigated field conditions.The barley cultivars(Giza 130,Giza 131,and Giza 133)demonstrated significant differences across all disease resistance indices.In addition,the study aimed to molecularly characterize 17 commercial barley varieties using single-cell DNA testing(SCoT)to identify genetic polymorphism and specific markers for each genotype.Eight SCoT primers were employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism among 17 barley varieties.Furthermore,these cultivars exhibited optimal performance for the majority of agricultural attributes examined,both under normal and water-stressed conditions.展开更多
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2024R318)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/342/45supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(KFU241870).
文摘Developing high-yield maize hybrids is critical for sustaining maize production,especially in the face of rapid climate changes and the growing global population.Exploring the genetic diversity and combining ability in parental inbreds is needed for developing such high-yielding hybrids.Consequently,this study aimed at evaluating parental genetic diversity employing simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers,estimating effects of general(GCA)and specific(SCA)combining abilities for grain yield and yield contributing characters,identifying high yielding hybrids,and evaluating the association of SCA effects and performance of hybrids with genetic distance.Half-diallel mating scheme was utilized to develop 21 F_(1) hybrids from seven diverse maize inbred lines.The F_(1) hybrids along with check hybrid(SC-10),were investigated in a field trial over two growing seasons under arid conditions.The assessed F_(1) hybrids displayed significant genetic variations across all recorded traits.The inbreds P_(1) and P_(3) were detected as effective combiners to develop early maturing hybrids.Additionally,P_(3) and P_(4) were recognized as better combiners for improving grain yield and yield attributed characters.The hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) displayed significant SCA effects coupled with favorable agronomic performance.These hybrids are recommended for further evaluation and release as variety for arid environments to increase total maize production and contribute to food security.The alleles per locus differed between 2 and 5,with average of 3.5 alleles/locus.The polymorphic information content(PIC)altered between 0.21 to 0.74,with a mean of 0.56.Unweighted neighbor-joining tree grouped the inbred lines into three clusters,providing a valuable tool to decrease the crosses needed to be assessed in the trial field.Parental genetic distance varied from 0.63 to 0.90,averaging 0.79.The relationship between genetic diversity assessed through SSR markers and SCA effects was insignificant for all considered traits.Otherwise,SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting that SCA serves as a reliable predictor for hybrid performance.The assessed maize inbred lines and developed hybrids revealed substantial genetic variability,offering valuable resources for enhancing maize productivity under arid conditions.The identified promising inbred lines(P_(1),P_(3),and P_(4))might be regarded as effective combiners for developing early-maturing genotypes and excellent combiners for enhancing yield attributes.Notably,the developed hybrids P_(1)×P_(5) and P_(4)×P_(7) possessed significant SCA alongside superior yield traits.SCA demonstrated a significant correlation with hybrid performance,suggesting its potential as a reliable predictor for the performance of developed hybrids.
文摘This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria subsp.gibbosa,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Moraceae family.The species samples were collected from various locations in Egypt.The study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage leaves.Since the identification and classification of taxa are highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves,the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of a comparison between the examined plants in the data matrix.This study aims to contribute to the identification of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured leaves.Anatomical characterization includes the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle;the number of palisade and spongy layers;crystals;secretory elements;lithocysts;the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with mechanical tissue,vascular system,and investigation of trichomes;on the other hand,in the current study,the phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S sequences.From the analysis of all the available data,it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2024R318)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiological,and cytological alterations.Nigella sativa L.,also known as black cumin,is an annual herb with important commercial and medicinal uses.Thymoquinone,the primary bioactive compound in Nigella sativa L.,is renowned for its potential health benefits.The current experiment aimed to ascertain the effects of various concentrations(10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm)of cadmium nitrate(Cd(NO_(3+))_(2))on two Nigella sativa cultivars(AN20 and Desi),analyzing their biological,physiological,quantitative attributes and cytological abnormalities in the M1 generation.It adversely effects biological,morpho-physiological,quantitative attributes at higher concentrations(30,40 and 50 ppm).Morphological variations were observed in terms of cotyledonary leaf(shape and color),vegetative leaves(shape,size and color),plant height(tall and dwarf),growth pattern(bushy and unbranched),flower(no.of petals,androecium and gynoecium),capsules(no.of locules)and seeds(size,color and texture).With increasing cadmium concentration,both physiological and quantitative characteristics declined in a dose-dependent manner,while proline content increased correspondingly with higher concentrations of Cd(NO3)2.The maximum depreciation was found at the highest cadmium nitrate concentration(i.e.,50 ppm).Cadmium nitrate significantly impacts the desi cultivar more than the AN20 cultivar.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe stomatal morphology,which showed changes in stomatal size and structure.The variation in area percentage of compounds such as Thymoquinone;p-cymene;9-Octadecenoic acid;9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,methyl ester;1,2,3-propanetriyl was detected by GC MS Analysis.The current study demonstrated that Nigella sativa cultivars AN20 and desi were successfully tested for induced mutagenesis,and it also offered a method that might be applied to future mutational breeding projects.
基金The authors express their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work under grant number RGP2/233/45the support provided by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at King FaisalUniversity,Saudi Arabia,under Project No.KFU242905funding from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Research Supporting Project Number PNURSP2025R241 in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)is a significant global crop that thrives in various climatic and drought-stress conditions.Furthermore,increased drought intervals and more significant weather variability resulting from climate change can affect the severity of plant diseases.Therefore,two primary objectives of integrated disease management regarding climate change are identifying cultivars resistant to foliar diseases and understanding disease progression under abiotic stress.In the current study,we assessed the quantitative foliar disease resistance of 17 commercial barley cultivars under both normal and water stress conditions over two growing seasons(from 2020/21 to 2021/22).The findings demonstrated a reduced incidence of foliar fungal diseases(leaf rust,net blotch,and powdery mildew)under severe drought stress relative to standard irrigated field conditions.The barley cultivars(Giza 130,Giza 131,and Giza 133)demonstrated significant differences across all disease resistance indices.In addition,the study aimed to molecularly characterize 17 commercial barley varieties using single-cell DNA testing(SCoT)to identify genetic polymorphism and specific markers for each genotype.Eight SCoT primers were employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism among 17 barley varieties.Furthermore,these cultivars exhibited optimal performance for the majority of agricultural attributes examined,both under normal and water-stressed conditions.
