Phosphorus(P) levels alter the allelopathic activity of rice seedlings against lettuce seeds. In this study, we investigated the effect of P deficiency on the allelopathic potential of non-pigmented and pigmented rice...Phosphorus(P) levels alter the allelopathic activity of rice seedlings against lettuce seeds. In this study, we investigated the effect of P deficiency on the allelopathic potential of non-pigmented and pigmented rice varieties. Rice seedlings of the white variety Khao Dawk Mali(KDML105, non-pigmented) and the black varieties Jao Hom Nin(JHN, pigmented) and Riceberry(RB, pigmented) were cultivated under high P(HP) and low P(LP) conditions. Morphological and metabolic responses to P deficiency were investigated. P deficiency inhibited shoot growth but promoted root growth of rice seedlings in all three varieties. Moreover, P deficiency led to decreased cytosolic phosphate(Pi) and total P concentrations in both shoot and root tissues. The subsequent reduction in internal P concentration enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds in both shoot and root tissues of the seedlings. Subsequently, allelopathy-based inter-and intra-specific interactions were assessed using water extracts from seedlings of the three varieties grown under HP and LP conditions. These extracts were tested on seeds of lettuce, the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and the same rice variety. The shoot and root extracts from P-deficient seedlings reduced the germination of all recipient plants. Specifically, the shoot extract from P-deficient KDML105 seedlings reduced the germination index(GI) of lettuce seeds to 1%, while those from P-deficient RB and JHN seedlings produced GIs of 32% and 42%, respectively. However, when rice seeds were exposed to their own LP shoot and root extracts, their GIs increased up to 4-fold, compared with the HP extracts. Additionally, the shoot extracts from P-deficient plants also stimulated the germination of D. aegyptium by about 2–3-fold, whereas the root extracts did not have this effect. Therefore, P starvation led to the accumulation and exudation of phenolics in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings, altering their allelopathic activities. To adapt to P deficiency, rice seedlings potentially release signaling chemicals to suppress nearby competing species while simultaneously promoting their own germination and growth.展开更多
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a devastating enteric disease in pigs, is caused by PEDvirus (PEDV)(1)Reduced severity of clinical diseases was reported to associate with neutralizing antibody titers in colostrum. Ho...Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a devastating enteric disease in pigs, is caused by PEDvirus (PEDV)(1)Reduced severity of clinical diseases was reported to associate with neutralizing antibody titers in colostrum. However, viral neutralization assay(VN) is laborious and not suitable for routine diagnosis. Spike protein plays an important role in stimulating neutralizing antibody that might be suitable for PEDV diagnosis.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Tinospora crispa(T. crispa) extract on matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13) expression and cell migration. Methods: The cytotoxicity of T. crispa extract was examined by 3-(4,5-d...Objective: To investigate the effect of Tinospora crispa(T. crispa) extract on matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13) expression and cell migration. Methods: The cytotoxicity of T. crispa extract was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) cell lines. The effect on expression of MMP-13 was analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA. The migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Results: MMP-13 m RNA was highly expressed in the metastatic human HNSCC cell lines, HN22 and HSC-3. T. crispa extract at a concentration of 100.0 μg/m L caused about 50% reduction of cell survival. T. crispa extract at a non-toxic concentration of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L signii cantly suppressed MMP-13 m RNA expression and secreted MMP-13 in both HN22 and HSC-3. The expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease by HSC-3 cells was attenuated by 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L of T. crispa extract. Addition of the extract to cells in a wound healing assay showed inhibition of cell migration by HN22 cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that T. crispa could be considered as a potential therapeutic drug to prevent metastasis of HNSCC.展开更多
1.COVID-19 pandemic The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in recent years demand national health care systems to develop effective surveillance mechanisms,diagnostic,treatment,and preventive strategies...1.COVID-19 pandemic The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in recent years demand national health care systems to develop effective surveillance mechanisms,diagnostic,treatment,and preventive strategies.The last two decades witnessed the outbreak of several viral infections with epidemic and pandemic potentials.展开更多
The frequent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases present significant public health risk.Several viral diseases with epidemic potential are threatening global health security.Zoonotic viruses,in particular,have c...The frequent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases present significant public health risk.Several viral diseases with epidemic potential are threatening global health security.Zoonotic viruses,in particular,have caused numerous epidemics in the recent years,resulting in high morbidity and mortality.The COVID-19 pandemic proved that any virus outbreak that can transmit human-to-human or with cross-species transmission capability could pose significant risk and contribute to a global pandemic.Several countries have not fully recovered from the COVID-19 crisis yet.展开更多
Information about the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is still evolving since its appearance in December 2019 and has affected the whole world.Particularly,a search for an effective and safe treatment for C...Information about the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is still evolving since its appearance in December 2019 and has affected the whole world.Particularly,a search for an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 continues.Botanical mixtures contain secondary metabolites(such as flavonoids,phenolics,alkaloids,essential oils etc.)with many therapeutic effects.In this study,the use of herbal treatments against COVID-19 was evaluated.Medical synthetic drugs focus mainly on respiratory symptoms,however herbal therapy with plant extracts may be useful to relieve overall symptoms of COVID-19 due to the variety of bioactive ingredients.Since COVID-19 is a virus that affects the respiratory tract,the antiviral effects of botanicals/plants against respiratory viruses have been examined through clinical studies.Data about COVID-19 patients revealed that the virus not only affects the respiratory system but different organs including the gastrointestinal(GI)system.As GI symptoms seriously affect quality of life,herbal options that might eliminate these problems were also evaluated.Finally,computer modeling studies of plants and their active compounds on COVID-19 were included.In summary,herbal therapies were identified as potential options for both antiviral effects and control of COVID-19 symptoms.Further data will be needed to enlighten all aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis,before determining the effects of plants on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.展开更多
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development (1)The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing, but the production of fish oil, the main source o...Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development (1)The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing, but the production of fish oil, the main source of PUFAs for human consumption, is declining (2)Increasing PUFA demand has therefore raised an interest in achieving these PUFAs from alternative sources that are more economical and sustainable.展开更多
Lung cancer has been one of the most fundamental leading causes of death within the past 10 years[1].The severity of the disease is related to the metastatic potential and aberrant apoptosis of lung cancer cells.Metas...Lung cancer has been one of the most fundamental leading causes of death within the past 10 years[1].The severity of the disease is related to the metastatic potential and aberrant apoptosis of lung cancer cells.Metastasis is the process when cancer cells transport from their original tumor site and establish a secondary tumor elsewhere.These aggressive behaviors comprise their anoikis resistance and their migrate abilities[2].The process of a programmed cell death in an attached condition is called apoptosis whereas anoikis is a cellular mortality in a detached condition.展开更多
Lung cancer patients have high mortality rate due to the high incidence rate of metastasis. To achieve metastasize, cancer cells require an ability to migrate from initial to secondary site. Therefore, the promising c...Lung cancer patients have high mortality rate due to the high incidence rate of metastasis. To achieve metastasize, cancer cells require an ability to migrate from initial to secondary site. Therefore, the promising compound with antimigrating effect might be a benefit for cancer metastasis (1)Dendroflorin, a potential active polyphenol compound, is extracted from Dendrobium brymerianum found in Thailand, Burma, Laos, and China.展开更多
Objective: One appealing strategy to overcome and prevent resistant problem is the use of combined two or more antibacterial substances. Lawsone methyl ether(LME) is the naphthoquinone found in the leaves of Impatiens...Objective: One appealing strategy to overcome and prevent resistant problem is the use of combined two or more antibacterial substances. Lawsone methyl ether(LME) is the naphthoquinone found in the leaves of Impatiens balsamina. The objective of this study is to determine the interaction of LME with some antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, and clotrimazole) and a natural compound, artocarpin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Candida albicans, and Trychophyton rubrum.Methods: A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC). Synergistic effects were evaluated at their own MIC using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay.Results: LME showed moderate antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC value of 15.6 μg/mL, and exhibited strong antifungal activities against T. rubrum and C. albicans with MIC values of 7.8 and 3.9 μg/m L,respectively. The interaction of LME with the natural compound artocarpin against MRSA produced a synergy with fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) value of 0.31, while the combination of LME and clotrimazole exhibited synergy against C. albicans and T. rubrum with FICI values of 0.38 and 0.24, respectively. The time-kill assays confirmed that the compounds in combination enhanced their antimicrobial activities against the resistant microorganisms with different degrees.Conclusion: LME in combination with clotrimazole exhibited synergy effect against C. albicans and T.rubrum. In combination with artocarpin, it showed synergy effect against MRSA.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the synergistic effect ofα-mangostin with tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin against bacteria involved in acne production.Methods:A broth microdilution method was used to determine the mi...Objective:To evaluate the synergistic effect ofα-mangostin with tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin against bacteria involved in acne production.Methods:A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)ofα-mangostin and a range of antibiotics.Synergistic effects on antibacterial activity were determined based on their own MIC,and then using a checkerboard method and a time-kill assay at 37°C for24 h.Results:α-Mangostin exhibited antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes,Staphylococcus aureus,S.epidermidis and S.pyogenes with MIC values of 0.78,3.13,0.78,and 6.25μg/m L,respectively.The results of the checkerboard assay showed thatα-mangostin produced synergistic effects with tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin against all tested bacteria,with a fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI)between 0.09 and 0.32.Moreover,time-kill curve data indicated thatα-mangostin increased the antibacterial activity of tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin.Conclusion:These findings suggested thatα-mangostin may be used to enhance the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics against bacteria involved in acne production.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an acute respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).COVID-19 pandemic has an unprecedented impact on economy,trade and human lifestyl...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an acute respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).COVID-19 pandemic has an unprecedented impact on economy,trade and human lifestyle globally.Since the emergence of of SARS-CoV-2,more than 266 million infections and 5260888 deaths were reported globally over the last two years[1].The scientific achievements particularly in last two years yielded effective vaccines against COVID-19.A variety of platform technologies including protein subunit,viral vector,RNA,inactivated and DNA are being employed to develop effective vaccines.To date,vaccines that have been approved against COVID-19 include the Pfizer BioNTech(mRNA vaccine),Oxford-AstraZeneca(viral vector vaccine),Moderna(mRNA vaccine),Janssen Ad26.COV2.S(viral vector),Sinopharm,Sinovac-CoronaVac,Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin(inactivated virus vaccines),etc.As of December 2021,over 8 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally[1].The details on the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and global vaccination coverage are provided in Figure 1.展开更多
Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of...Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of extracts of their roots, and the parts that possessed cytotoxic activity were separated on a chro- matograph to identify their active compounds. Methods： The extracts of both plants were screened for cytotoxicity on the SW620 cell line and the com- pounds isolated from the active extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including SW620, ChaGo-K-1, HepG2, I（ATO-III and BT-474 using the 3-（4,5-dime thyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyll2-H-tetrazolium bromide （MTI＇） assay. Results： Dichloromethane extracts of C indicum and C. villosum were active against the SW620 cell line. Triterpenoids were mostly obtained from the extracts of these plants （0.28% and 1.02%, respectively） and exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity and specificity against the tested cell lines. Two triterpenoids, oleanolic acid 3-acetate and betulinic acid, displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity toward all cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of 1.66-20.49 mmol/L, whereas 3β-hydroxy- D：Blfriedo-olean-5-ene and taraxerol were cytotoxic to only the SW620 cell line （ICso= 23.39 and 2.09 mmol/L, respectively）. Triterpenoid, lupeol, showed potent cytotoxicity on both SW620 （ICso= 1.99 mmol/L） and KATO-III cell lines （IC50 = 1.95 μmol/L）, while a fiavonoid, pectolinarigenin, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against these cells （IC50= 13.05 and 24.31 μmol/L, respectively）. Although the widely distributed steroid, stigmasterol, was effective against the SW620 cell line （1Cso = 2.79 μmol/L） and β-sitosterol was also active against SW620 （IC50 = 11.26 μmol/L）, BT-474 （IC50 = 14.11 μmol/L） and HepG2 cancer cells （IC50=20.47μmol/L）, none of the characteristic 24β-ethylsteroids of either Clerodendrum species were shown to be cytotoxic. Conclusion： This study is the first report on the presence of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of these medicinal plants, which have been used in herbal formulas as an antipyretic. Our findings support further in-depth study of this pharmacological activity as an anticancer agent.展开更多
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),spread rapidly causing a severe global health burden.The standard COVID-19 diagnosis re...The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),spread rapidly causing a severe global health burden.The standard COVID-19 diagnosis relies heavily on molecular tests to detect viral RNA in patient samples;however,this method is costly,requires highly-equipped laboratories,multiple reagents,skilled laboratory technicians,and takes 3-6 hours to complete.To overcome these limitations,we developed a plant-based production platform for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain as an economical source of detection reagents for a lateral-flow immunoassay strip(LFIA)which is suitable for detection of IgM/IgG antibodies in human samples.Further,we validated the plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-based LFIA as a useful diagnostic tool for COVID-19.A total of 51 confirmed COVID-19 serum samples were tested using the LFIA,and the obtained results were consistent with those from polymerase chain reaction assays,while providing sensitivity and specificity of 94.1%and 98%,respectively.The developed LFIA is rapid,scalable,user-friendly,and relatively inexpensive with a simple test procedure,making it useful for the routine monitoring of COVID-19 in clinical settings.This study was approved on March 19,2020 by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University(COA No.354/2020 and IRB No.236/63).展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Research and Innovation Fund and Prince of Songkla University, Thailand (Grant No. SCI6601035S)a Graduate Fellowship from the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand (Grant No. 1-2565-02-017)。
文摘Phosphorus(P) levels alter the allelopathic activity of rice seedlings against lettuce seeds. In this study, we investigated the effect of P deficiency on the allelopathic potential of non-pigmented and pigmented rice varieties. Rice seedlings of the white variety Khao Dawk Mali(KDML105, non-pigmented) and the black varieties Jao Hom Nin(JHN, pigmented) and Riceberry(RB, pigmented) were cultivated under high P(HP) and low P(LP) conditions. Morphological and metabolic responses to P deficiency were investigated. P deficiency inhibited shoot growth but promoted root growth of rice seedlings in all three varieties. Moreover, P deficiency led to decreased cytosolic phosphate(Pi) and total P concentrations in both shoot and root tissues. The subsequent reduction in internal P concentration enhanced the accumulation of phenolic compounds in both shoot and root tissues of the seedlings. Subsequently, allelopathy-based inter-and intra-specific interactions were assessed using water extracts from seedlings of the three varieties grown under HP and LP conditions. These extracts were tested on seeds of lettuce, the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium, and the same rice variety. The shoot and root extracts from P-deficient seedlings reduced the germination of all recipient plants. Specifically, the shoot extract from P-deficient KDML105 seedlings reduced the germination index(GI) of lettuce seeds to 1%, while those from P-deficient RB and JHN seedlings produced GIs of 32% and 42%, respectively. However, when rice seeds were exposed to their own LP shoot and root extracts, their GIs increased up to 4-fold, compared with the HP extracts. Additionally, the shoot extracts from P-deficient plants also stimulated the germination of D. aegyptium by about 2–3-fold, whereas the root extracts did not have this effect. Therefore, P starvation led to the accumulation and exudation of phenolics in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings, altering their allelopathic activities. To adapt to P deficiency, rice seedlings potentially release signaling chemicals to suppress nearby competing species while simultaneously promoting their own germination and growth.
文摘Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a devastating enteric disease in pigs, is caused by PEDvirus (PEDV)(1)Reduced severity of clinical diseases was reported to associate with neutralizing antibody titers in colostrum. However, viral neutralization assay(VN) is laborious and not suitable for routine diagnosis. Spike protein plays an important role in stimulating neutralizing antibody that might be suitable for PEDV diagnosis.
基金Supported by Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue and Dental Research Fund,Dental research project 3200502#9/2013
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Tinospora crispa(T. crispa) extract on matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP-13) expression and cell migration. Methods: The cytotoxicity of T. crispa extract was examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) cell lines. The effect on expression of MMP-13 was analysed by RT-PCR and ELISA. The migration was assessed by wound healing assay. Results: MMP-13 m RNA was highly expressed in the metastatic human HNSCC cell lines, HN22 and HSC-3. T. crispa extract at a concentration of 100.0 μg/m L caused about 50% reduction of cell survival. T. crispa extract at a non-toxic concentration of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L signii cantly suppressed MMP-13 m RNA expression and secreted MMP-13 in both HN22 and HSC-3. The expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease by HSC-3 cells was attenuated by 25.0 and 50.0 μg/m L of T. crispa extract. Addition of the extract to cells in a wound healing assay showed inhibition of cell migration by HN22 cells. Conclusions: These data suggest that T. crispa could be considered as a potential therapeutic drug to prevent metastasis of HNSCC.
基金The financial support of Second Century Fund(C2F),Chulalongkorn University
文摘1.COVID-19 pandemic The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases in recent years demand national health care systems to develop effective surveillance mechanisms,diagnostic,treatment,and preventive strategies.The last two decades witnessed the outbreak of several viral infections with epidemic and pandemic potentials.
基金financially supported by Baiya Phytopharm Co.,Ltd.One of the authors is supported by the Second Century Fund(C2F),Chulalongkorn University for the doctoral fellowship.
文摘The frequent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases present significant public health risk.Several viral diseases with epidemic potential are threatening global health security.Zoonotic viruses,in particular,have caused numerous epidemics in the recent years,resulting in high morbidity and mortality.The COVID-19 pandemic proved that any virus outbreak that can transmit human-to-human or with cross-species transmission capability could pose significant risk and contribute to a global pandemic.Several countries have not fully recovered from the COVID-19 crisis yet.
文摘Information about the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is still evolving since its appearance in December 2019 and has affected the whole world.Particularly,a search for an effective and safe treatment for COVID-19 continues.Botanical mixtures contain secondary metabolites(such as flavonoids,phenolics,alkaloids,essential oils etc.)with many therapeutic effects.In this study,the use of herbal treatments against COVID-19 was evaluated.Medical synthetic drugs focus mainly on respiratory symptoms,however herbal therapy with plant extracts may be useful to relieve overall symptoms of COVID-19 due to the variety of bioactive ingredients.Since COVID-19 is a virus that affects the respiratory tract,the antiviral effects of botanicals/plants against respiratory viruses have been examined through clinical studies.Data about COVID-19 patients revealed that the virus not only affects the respiratory system but different organs including the gastrointestinal(GI)system.As GI symptoms seriously affect quality of life,herbal options that might eliminate these problems were also evaluated.Finally,computer modeling studies of plants and their active compounds on COVID-19 were included.In summary,herbal therapies were identified as potential options for both antiviral effects and control of COVID-19 symptoms.Further data will be needed to enlighten all aspects of COVID-19 pathogenesis,before determining the effects of plants on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
文摘Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for a healthy diet and adequate human development (1)The human consumption of PUFAs is steadily increasing, but the production of fish oil, the main source of PUFAs for human consumption, is declining (2)Increasing PUFA demand has therefore raised an interest in achieving these PUFAs from alternative sources that are more economical and sustainable.
文摘Lung cancer has been one of the most fundamental leading causes of death within the past 10 years[1].The severity of the disease is related to the metastatic potential and aberrant apoptosis of lung cancer cells.Metastasis is the process when cancer cells transport from their original tumor site and establish a secondary tumor elsewhere.These aggressive behaviors comprise their anoikis resistance and their migrate abilities[2].The process of a programmed cell death in an attached condition is called apoptosis whereas anoikis is a cellular mortality in a detached condition.
文摘Lung cancer patients have high mortality rate due to the high incidence rate of metastasis. To achieve metastasize, cancer cells require an ability to migrate from initial to secondary site. Therefore, the promising compound with antimigrating effect might be a benefit for cancer metastasis (1)Dendroflorin, a potential active polyphenol compound, is extracted from Dendrobium brymerianum found in Thailand, Burma, Laos, and China.
基金supported by The Thailand Research Fund (Grant No. DBG6180031)
文摘Objective: One appealing strategy to overcome and prevent resistant problem is the use of combined two or more antibacterial substances. Lawsone methyl ether(LME) is the naphthoquinone found in the leaves of Impatiens balsamina. The objective of this study is to determine the interaction of LME with some antibiotics(ampicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, and clotrimazole) and a natural compound, artocarpin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Candida albicans, and Trychophyton rubrum.Methods: A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC). Synergistic effects were evaluated at their own MIC using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay.Results: LME showed moderate antibacterial activity against MRSA with MIC value of 15.6 μg/mL, and exhibited strong antifungal activities against T. rubrum and C. albicans with MIC values of 7.8 and 3.9 μg/m L,respectively. The interaction of LME with the natural compound artocarpin against MRSA produced a synergy with fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) value of 0.31, while the combination of LME and clotrimazole exhibited synergy against C. albicans and T. rubrum with FICI values of 0.38 and 0.24, respectively. The time-kill assays confirmed that the compounds in combination enhanced their antimicrobial activities against the resistant microorganisms with different degrees.Conclusion: LME in combination with clotrimazole exhibited synergy effect against C. albicans and T.rubrum. In combination with artocarpin, it showed synergy effect against MRSA.
基金the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)for providing a research grant.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the synergistic effect ofα-mangostin with tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin against bacteria involved in acne production.Methods:A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)ofα-mangostin and a range of antibiotics.Synergistic effects on antibacterial activity were determined based on their own MIC,and then using a checkerboard method and a time-kill assay at 37°C for24 h.Results:α-Mangostin exhibited antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes,Staphylococcus aureus,S.epidermidis and S.pyogenes with MIC values of 0.78,3.13,0.78,and 6.25μg/m L,respectively.The results of the checkerboard assay showed thatα-mangostin produced synergistic effects with tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin against all tested bacteria,with a fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI)between 0.09 and 0.32.Moreover,time-kill curve data indicated thatα-mangostin increased the antibacterial activity of tetracycline,erythromycin,and clindamycin.Conclusion:These findings suggested thatα-mangostin may be used to enhance the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics against bacteria involved in acne production.
基金National Vaccine Institute, Thailand and Baiya Phytopharm Co., Ltd., Thailand for financial supportThe Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University for the doctoral fellowship
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an acute respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).COVID-19 pandemic has an unprecedented impact on economy,trade and human lifestyle globally.Since the emergence of of SARS-CoV-2,more than 266 million infections and 5260888 deaths were reported globally over the last two years[1].The scientific achievements particularly in last two years yielded effective vaccines against COVID-19.A variety of platform technologies including protein subunit,viral vector,RNA,inactivated and DNA are being employed to develop effective vaccines.To date,vaccines that have been approved against COVID-19 include the Pfizer BioNTech(mRNA vaccine),Oxford-AstraZeneca(viral vector vaccine),Moderna(mRNA vaccine),Janssen Ad26.COV2.S(viral vector),Sinopharm,Sinovac-CoronaVac,Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin(inactivated virus vaccines),etc.As of December 2021,over 8 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally[1].The details on the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and global vaccination coverage are provided in Figure 1.
基金supported by a grant from Research Institute of Rangsit University (No. 40/2556)
文摘Objective： The roots of two Thai medicinal plants, Clerodendrum indicum and Clerodendrum villosum are found in traditional medicine practices. The aim of this research was to preliminarily study the cytotox- icity of extracts of their roots, and the parts that possessed cytotoxic activity were separated on a chro- matograph to identify their active compounds. Methods： The extracts of both plants were screened for cytotoxicity on the SW620 cell line and the com- pounds isolated from the active extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, including SW620, ChaGo-K-1, HepG2, I（ATO-III and BT-474 using the 3-（4,5-dime thyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyll2-H-tetrazolium bromide （MTI＇） assay. Results： Dichloromethane extracts of C indicum and C. villosum were active against the SW620 cell line. Triterpenoids were mostly obtained from the extracts of these plants （0.28% and 1.02%, respectively） and exhibited varying degrees of cytotoxicity and specificity against the tested cell lines. Two triterpenoids, oleanolic acid 3-acetate and betulinic acid, displayed moderate to strong cytotoxicity toward all cancer cell lines, with 50% inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of 1.66-20.49 mmol/L, whereas 3β-hydroxy- D：Blfriedo-olean-5-ene and taraxerol were cytotoxic to only the SW620 cell line （ICso= 23.39 and 2.09 mmol/L, respectively）. Triterpenoid, lupeol, showed potent cytotoxicity on both SW620 （ICso= 1.99 mmol/L） and KATO-III cell lines （IC50 = 1.95 μmol/L）, while a fiavonoid, pectolinarigenin, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against these cells （IC50= 13.05 and 24.31 μmol/L, respectively）. Although the widely distributed steroid, stigmasterol, was effective against the SW620 cell line （1Cso = 2.79 μmol/L） and β-sitosterol was also active against SW620 （IC50 = 11.26 μmol/L）, BT-474 （IC50 = 14.11 μmol/L） and HepG2 cancer cells （IC50=20.47μmol/L）, none of the characteristic 24β-ethylsteroids of either Clerodendrum species were shown to be cytotoxic. Conclusion： This study is the first report on the presence of cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of these medicinal plants, which have been used in herbal formulas as an antipyretic. Our findings support further in-depth study of this pharmacological activity as an anticancer agent.
基金This study was funded by Baiya Phytopharm Co.,Ltd.
文摘The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),spread rapidly causing a severe global health burden.The standard COVID-19 diagnosis relies heavily on molecular tests to detect viral RNA in patient samples;however,this method is costly,requires highly-equipped laboratories,multiple reagents,skilled laboratory technicians,and takes 3-6 hours to complete.To overcome these limitations,we developed a plant-based production platform for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain as an economical source of detection reagents for a lateral-flow immunoassay strip(LFIA)which is suitable for detection of IgM/IgG antibodies in human samples.Further,we validated the plant-produced SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-based LFIA as a useful diagnostic tool for COVID-19.A total of 51 confirmed COVID-19 serum samples were tested using the LFIA,and the obtained results were consistent with those from polymerase chain reaction assays,while providing sensitivity and specificity of 94.1%and 98%,respectively.The developed LFIA is rapid,scalable,user-friendly,and relatively inexpensive with a simple test procedure,making it useful for the routine monitoring of COVID-19 in clinical settings.This study was approved on March 19,2020 by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University(COA No.354/2020 and IRB No.236/63).
