Three peptides, ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin are derived from a common prohormone, preproghrelin by posttranslational processing, originating from endocrine cells in the stomach. To examine the effects of t...Three peptides, ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin are derived from a common prohormone, preproghrelin by posttranslational processing, originating from endocrine cells in the stomach. To examine the effects of these peptides, we applied the manometric mea- surement of gastrointestinal motility in freely moving conscious rat models. Ghrelin exerts stimulatory ef- fects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in both fed and fasted state of animals. Des-acyl ghrelin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum, but not on the motility of duodenum in the fasted state of ani- mals. Obestatin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in the fed state, but not in the fasted state of animals. NPY Y2 or Y4 receptors in the brain may mediate the action of ghrelin, CRF type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of obestatin. Vagal afferent pathways might be involved in the action of ghre- lin, but not involved in the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas vagal afferent pathways might be partially involved in the action of obestatin.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PD...OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To fabricate Silymarin(SM) nanosuspensions(NSs) and evaluate their protective effect on stress-induced liver injury. METHODS SM nanosuspensions were tailored by combination of the anti-solvent precipitation ...OBJECTIVE To fabricate Silymarin(SM) nanosuspensions(NSs) and evaluate their protective effect on stress-induced liver injury. METHODS SM nanosuspensions were tailored by combination of the anti-solvent precipitation and high pressure homogenization(HPH); the formulations were optimized by central composite design. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SM-NSs were also performed.RESULTS In light of the quadratic mathematical equations derived from the Design of Expert Software,the optimal formulation of SM-NSs consisted of PVP 0.34% and F188 0.36%. The morphology of NSs was found to be spherical with a diameter of about 150 nm using transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation. The pharmacokinetics experiment demonstrated that oral administration of SM-NSs significantly increased its bioavailability compared to the coarse powder(Cmax: 9.03 ± 2.39 mg · L^(-1);AUMC_(0→∞):3757.35±227.19 mg·L^(-1)·h; AUC_(0→∞):171.84±26.61 mg·L^(-1)·h). In pharmacodynamics,it was found that restraint stress produced oxidative effects and increased serum AST and ALT levels in mice,both of which were significantly inhibited by SM and SM-NSs; in addition,administration of SM-NSs showed more effective prevention against acute liver injury than SM coarse suspensions(r^2=0.986,0.984,P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that fabricated SM-NSs exert potent hepatoprotective effects and attenuate restraint stress-induced liver injury. The study provides an effective approach to improving the property of SM,which can be used for treatment of liver diseases.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Depression, one of the commonest mental health problems in SCD, has high prevalence rates. While psychological therapies have been found to be beneficial in mild to moderate de...<strong>Background:</strong> Depression, one of the commonest mental health problems in SCD, has high prevalence rates. While psychological therapies have been found to be beneficial in mild to moderate depression, their use as non-pharmacological methods amongst adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, is still at its infancy. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the effect of behavioural activation therapy on depression in adolescents living with Sickle Cell Disease attending out-patient clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. <strong>Method: </strong>The study was conducted in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, between November 2017 to February 2018 (4 months) among adolescents living with SCD and depression attending out-patient clinic. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted among participants assigned to treatment (30) versus control (30) group. A manualized behavioral therapy programme developed was delivered to the treatment group. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Pair T-test was used to compare the two groups across continuous variables, pre- and post intervention. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine treatment effects controlling for baseline scores. <strong>Result: </strong>After the intervention, the mean depression score reduced from 22.13 ± 3.08 to 13.02 ± 4.56 while Paediatric quality of life score increase from 62.57 ± 17.85 to 67.90 ± 7.99 in the treatment group (BDI, p < 0.001;PedsQL, p = 0.045). However, the pre- and post-intervention mean depression scores in the control group showed insignificant reduction from 22.23 ± 3.24 to 21.60 ± 2.75 and mean PedsQL from pre-intervention scores of 59.67 ± 12.60 to 56.73 ± 8.94 post intervention (BDI, p = 0.388;PedsQL, p = 0.242). From multivariate analysis (ANCOVA), only the Quality of Life scores ceased to show any significant effect of the intervention. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study further strengthens and supports the extant literature that behavioral therapy alone is efficacious for depressive.展开更多
Backgrounds: Mental illness is a common phenomenon at all ages. Various independent studies have shown that psychopathology is often expressed on a continuum from youth to adulthood. The aim of our study was to answer...Backgrounds: Mental illness is a common phenomenon at all ages. Various independent studies have shown that psychopathology is often expressed on a continuum from youth to adulthood. The aim of our study was to answer the question what are the problems that are likely to bring a child or an adolescent for the admission in the child and adolescent psychiatry Unit. Methods: The case records of all inpatient children and adolescents younger than 18 years, who were admitted to the child psychiatric unit at SQUH, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman over a period of 10 years between Jan 2007 and Dec 2017, were retrospectively reviewed in regard to sociodemographic data, referring specialties and reason for referral. Result: A total of 255 cases were admitted in child psychiatry unit in a period of 10 yrs, the average age was 14.15 years, 95% patients were Omani nationals, 47.5% were male, 52.5 were females, 17.65% Acute and transient psychotic disorder, 13.7% bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms, 12.94% Intentional self-harm by other specified means and 12.55% schizophrenia, were the most common diagnoses observed in this population who needed inpatient care;the average length of stay in the majority of cases was less than 3 weeks. Conclusion: The child and adolescent inpatient unit of SQUH from where the data was collected happens to be the only child psychiatric admitting unit in Oman till the end of 2017 and can be considered as representative;the children and adolescence in-patient unit exemplifies a short-term care set-up.展开更多
Background: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of lifestyle self-monitoring for the improvement of the IBS and reveal what has been changed due to the intervention. Methods: A total of 111 nursing school...Background: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of lifestyle self-monitoring for the improvement of the IBS and reveal what has been changed due to the intervention. Methods: A total of 111 nursing school students were randomized into three groups, two intervention groups (a two-month intervention group, n = 34, and a four-month intervention group, n = 35) and a control group (n = 34). The intervention groups conducted lifestyle self-monitoring in conjunction with a 15-minutes group work for either two or four months. The primary outcome measure was Rome II criteria for IBS. Other outcome measures were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). They were assessed at the baseline and the end of both of the intervention periods. Analysis was conducted as intention-to-treat. Results: The prevalence of IBS did not change significantly after the intervention in any of the groups. The HAD-A score, a subscale of the HADS score for anxiety, decreased 1.4 points in the two-month intervention group (p = 0.02) and 2.3 points in the four-month intervention group of (p = 0.01) after intervention. The average GSRS decreased 0.2 points in the control group (p = 0.05) and 0.3 points in the four-month intervention group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Lifestyle self-monitoring for two or four months did not reduce the prevalence of the IBS significantly, but it did decrease anxiety and improved the QOL related to gastrointestinal symptoms in female nursing school students.展开更多
Gaming disorder has become a significant issue in mental healthcare. While gaming is an important form of entertainment, excessive gaming may cause serious consequences for players. At present, there are still controv...Gaming disorder has become a significant issue in mental healthcare. While gaming is an important form of entertainment, excessive gaming may cause serious consequences for players. At present, there are still controversies in the academic community concerning the public health problems related to gaming disorder. This article attempts to expound the definition, epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gaming disorder, in order to contribute to future conceptualization of gaming disorder.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The alcoholism-related social problems have burdened the public health heavily.A better therapy for alcohol dependence as a chronic brain disease is highly required and interests the scientists worldwide. Ou...OBJECTIVE The alcoholism-related social problems have burdened the public health heavily.A better therapy for alcohol dependence as a chronic brain disease is highly required and interests the scientists worldwide. Our group has focused on screening the right drug with low toxicity and a sound curative effect from traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS Alcohol-preferring Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rat was used as an animal model of alcoholism to evaluate the effects of brucine N-oxide(BNO),an alkoloid naturally existing in the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L,on the alcohol-drinking behaviors.Furthermore,its adverse action and toxicity were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with BNO at the doses of 30,50 and 70 mg · kg^(-1)reduced the voluntary alcohol consumption and preference dosedependently and selectively without altering their water intake,total fluid intake,food consumption,body weight as well as sucrose preference. Remarkably,70 mg·kg^(-1)of BNO did suppress the deprivationinduced elevation of alcohol ingestion. Moreover,BNO used at the same doses as above had no influence on locomotion in an open field test and could not result in the place preference effect. CONCLUSION Taken together,BNO is of some significant pharmacological profiles to inhibit symptoms of alcohol dependence with high safety,and thence may be a potential pharmacotherapy.展开更多
The authors of this study examined the relationship between life attitude and physical disease state and found that psychological well being mediated patients’ illness course. Coherence and life control were endorsed...The authors of this study examined the relationship between life attitude and physical disease state and found that psychological well being mediated patients’ illness course. Coherence and life control were endorsed as the important components of psychological well being. A multi-dimensional measure of life purpose was administered to 97 older adults on the acute rehabilitation unit of a major medical center in the United States. The severity of their illness burden was computed blindly by a physician rater. Regression analysis was conducted to determine if life attitude was predictive of the symptom ratings and factor analysis was performed on the individual items of the life attitude instrument to highlight the psychological profile of the older adults in this study for whom health challenges were primary. There was a significant relationship between life attitude and disease severity, even though the fit of the model indicated the need for other explanatory factors to fully account for sickness. Factor analysis demonstrated that items defined as measuring coherence and life control explained the largest proportion of total variance. Coherence incorporated the logical integration and consistent understanding of one’s self and the world at large. Life control referred to volition in decision making, exercising of personal responsibility, and the unfolding of life events. The findings suggested that in older adults undergoing medical hospitalization, psychological resilience had a retrospective orientation rather than prospective. The significant influence of life attitude on patients’ physical condition was consistent with clinical observations that the patients who resiliently endure health challenges seem to possess a hardy psychological reserve.展开更多
Background: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is 10% - 15% in the general population. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, abdo...Background: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is 10% - 15% in the general population. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort and disordered defecation associated with a stressful lifestyle. However, the cause of IBS has not been clarified yet. Based on a similar, previous study in Japan, this study investigated the prevalence of IBS and the relationship between IBS and stress, lifestyle and dietary habits among nursing and medical school students in China. Methods: Designed to investigate IBS symptoms, life- style, dietary intake, life events, anxiety and depresssion, a blank self-administrated questionnaire was used to survey 2500 nursing or medical students in China. Questionnaires were collected from 2141 stu- dents (85.6%) and responses obtained from 1934 students (90.3%) were analyzed. Results: On the whole, the prevalence of IBS was 32.1% in this study, 26.6% in males and 33.6% in females. In females, the IBS group showed a bedtime later than that in the non-IBS group, and the length of time asleep in the IBS group was shorter than that in the non-IBS group (p p = 0.005). In females, the IBS group showed a frequency for the intake of vegetables and potatoes that was lower than that of the non-IBS group (p = 0.007, p = 0.023). The prevalence of IBS among nursing and medical school students in China (32.1%) was significantly lower than that in Japan (35.5%). Especially, the number of females in the constipation dominant IBS subgroup in China (11.8%) was less than that found in Japan (20.4%). Conclusions: The prevalence of IBS was high among nursing and medical students in China, but lower than that shown in Japan.展开更多
Background. Instruments for measuring the presence and severity of specific irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, comparable to those used in Western countries, have been lacking in Japan. The aim of this study was...Background. Instruments for measuring the presence and severity of specific irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, comparable to those used in Western countries, have been lacking in Japan. The aim of this study was to develop, validate, and confirm the reliability of the Japanese version of the Rome Ⅱ modular questionnaire for IBS (RⅡMQ-J) and the IBS severity index (IBSSI-J). Methods. Forty-nine patients in the university hospital with chronic or recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort and/or altered bowel habits were enrolled. With Rome Ⅱ criteria, 27 patients were diagnosed as having IBS, and the other 22 patients were evaluated as having other functional bowel disorders (FBDs). The English versions of RⅡ MQ and IBS SI were translated into Japanese. After back-translation and approval of the questionnaire, subjects completed both questionnaires twice within 14 days. Results. Cronbach’s alpha of the RⅡ MQ-J was high (0.72). The sensitivity of RⅡ MQ-J for the diagnosis of IBS was also high (89%). The specificity of RⅡ MQ-J for denial of IBS among patients with other FBD was satisfactory (73%). The IBS SIJ showed high internal consistency (0.69) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.86, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The RⅡ MQ-J and IBS SI-J are valid, reliable, and appropriate instruments for detecting and assessing the severity of IBS status in Japanese patients.展开更多
An active lifestyle has enormous health benefits.However,physical activity has globally decreased since the beginning of the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak because of social distancing measures.Old...An active lifestyle has enormous health benefits.However,physical activity has globally decreased since the beginning of the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak because of social distancing measures.Older adults and people with age-related diseases(e.g.,diabetes,obesity,cancer,cardiovascular disorders,etc.)are widely affected by COVID-19 and its grave adverse effects because of their baseline poor immune function.Although they are in intense need for the therapeutic benefits of exercise,they may express a low capacity for exercising due to skeletal muscle dysfunction and low motivation.Honey is a natural energy-rich,low glycemic index food with a variety of biological activities.It is reported to correct muscle pathology in diseased conditions.Because skeletal muscle is the key structure involved in the exercise,we explored the literature for the exercise-promoting potential of natural honey.Bee honey improves physical performance at moderate levels of activity,and it reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of fatigue following strenuous exercise among athletes.Supplementing ischemic heart disease patients with honey combined with floral pollen improved patients’tolerance for physical loads and corrected metabolic dysfunctions.Therefore,the therapeutic use of honey may have implications for increasing the capacity for exercise in aged and diseased individuals.Soundly designed studies are needed to evaluate such possibilities.展开更多
文摘Three peptides, ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin are derived from a common prohormone, preproghrelin by posttranslational processing, originating from endocrine cells in the stomach. To examine the effects of these peptides, we applied the manometric mea- surement of gastrointestinal motility in freely moving conscious rat models. Ghrelin exerts stimulatory ef- fects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in both fed and fasted state of animals. Des-acyl ghrelin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum, but not on the motility of duodenum in the fasted state of ani- mals. Obestatin exerts inhibitory effects on the motility of antrum and duodenum in the fed state, but not in the fasted state of animals. NPY Y2 or Y4 receptors in the brain may mediate the action of ghrelin, CRF type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas CRF type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain mediate the action of obestatin. Vagal afferent pathways might be involved in the action of ghre- lin, but not involved in the action of des-acyl ghrelin, whereas vagal afferent pathways might be partially involved in the action of obestatin.
文摘OBJECTIVE Alcoholism is one of the most damaging psychiatric disorders and causes serious social and health problems in the world. However,there are no ideal treatments for this disease in clinic.Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes consisting of 11 PDE families that hydrolyze cyclicAMP(cA MP) and/or cyclicGMP(cGMP). Among them,PDE4 is critical in the control of intracellular cAMP levels and has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of ethanol consumption.However,the functional role of PDE4 in mediating alcoholism remains unclear. METHODS Ethanol drinking and preference were examined using the two-bottle choice and/or drinking-in-dark(DID) test in high alcohol preferring(HAP) animals,including C57,HAP,and PDE4-subtype knockout mice,and Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rats,treated with or without the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram or roflumilast. Ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors were examined using the elevated plusmaze,holeboard,forced-swim,and tail-suspension tests in C57 mice or FH rats in the presence of PDE4 inhibition. Levels of cAMP,CREB were determined in brain regions. RESULTS Treatment with rolipram or roflumilast decreased ethanol intake and preference in two-bottle choice and DID tests in C57 and HAP mice as well as FH rats. Mice deficient in PDE4 B,but not PDE4 D,displayed similar effects to general PDE4 inhibition. In addition,rolipram reversed ethanol withdrawal-induced anxietyand depressive-like behaviors 1 d and 14 d,respectively,following withdrawal from ethanol drinking in the two-bottle choice in C57 mice or FH rats. Locomotor activity was not changed in either mice or rats treated with the PDE4 inhibitors. Levels of cAMP,p CREB in the brain were increased by rolipram.CONCLUSION The results provide solid evidence for the important role of PDE4 in ethanol consumptionand ethanol withdrawal-induced symptoms. Inhibitors of PDE4,in particular the PDE4 B isoform,can be a novel class of treatment for alcoholism.
基金The project supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2014HL103,ZR2016HM21,J13LM51)Taishan Medical University Foundation(2014GCC15)the Foundation of Overseas Distinguished Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province,China
文摘OBJECTIVE To fabricate Silymarin(SM) nanosuspensions(NSs) and evaluate their protective effect on stress-induced liver injury. METHODS SM nanosuspensions were tailored by combination of the anti-solvent precipitation and high pressure homogenization(HPH); the formulations were optimized by central composite design. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SM-NSs were also performed.RESULTS In light of the quadratic mathematical equations derived from the Design of Expert Software,the optimal formulation of SM-NSs consisted of PVP 0.34% and F188 0.36%. The morphology of NSs was found to be spherical with a diameter of about 150 nm using transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation. The pharmacokinetics experiment demonstrated that oral administration of SM-NSs significantly increased its bioavailability compared to the coarse powder(Cmax: 9.03 ± 2.39 mg · L^(-1);AUMC_(0→∞):3757.35±227.19 mg·L^(-1)·h; AUC_(0→∞):171.84±26.61 mg·L^(-1)·h). In pharmacodynamics,it was found that restraint stress produced oxidative effects and increased serum AST and ALT levels in mice,both of which were significantly inhibited by SM and SM-NSs; in addition,administration of SM-NSs showed more effective prevention against acute liver injury than SM coarse suspensions(r^2=0.986,0.984,P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that fabricated SM-NSs exert potent hepatoprotective effects and attenuate restraint stress-induced liver injury. The study provides an effective approach to improving the property of SM,which can be used for treatment of liver diseases.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Depression, one of the commonest mental health problems in SCD, has high prevalence rates. While psychological therapies have been found to be beneficial in mild to moderate depression, their use as non-pharmacological methods amongst adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, is still at its infancy. <strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the effect of behavioural activation therapy on depression in adolescents living with Sickle Cell Disease attending out-patient clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. <strong>Method: </strong>The study was conducted in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, between November 2017 to February 2018 (4 months) among adolescents living with SCD and depression attending out-patient clinic. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted among participants assigned to treatment (30) versus control (30) group. A manualized behavioral therapy programme developed was delivered to the treatment group. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Pair T-test was used to compare the two groups across continuous variables, pre- and post intervention. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine treatment effects controlling for baseline scores. <strong>Result: </strong>After the intervention, the mean depression score reduced from 22.13 ± 3.08 to 13.02 ± 4.56 while Paediatric quality of life score increase from 62.57 ± 17.85 to 67.90 ± 7.99 in the treatment group (BDI, p < 0.001;PedsQL, p = 0.045). However, the pre- and post-intervention mean depression scores in the control group showed insignificant reduction from 22.23 ± 3.24 to 21.60 ± 2.75 and mean PedsQL from pre-intervention scores of 59.67 ± 12.60 to 56.73 ± 8.94 post intervention (BDI, p = 0.388;PedsQL, p = 0.242). From multivariate analysis (ANCOVA), only the Quality of Life scores ceased to show any significant effect of the intervention. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study further strengthens and supports the extant literature that behavioral therapy alone is efficacious for depressive.
文摘Backgrounds: Mental illness is a common phenomenon at all ages. Various independent studies have shown that psychopathology is often expressed on a continuum from youth to adulthood. The aim of our study was to answer the question what are the problems that are likely to bring a child or an adolescent for the admission in the child and adolescent psychiatry Unit. Methods: The case records of all inpatient children and adolescents younger than 18 years, who were admitted to the child psychiatric unit at SQUH, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman over a period of 10 years between Jan 2007 and Dec 2017, were retrospectively reviewed in regard to sociodemographic data, referring specialties and reason for referral. Result: A total of 255 cases were admitted in child psychiatry unit in a period of 10 yrs, the average age was 14.15 years, 95% patients were Omani nationals, 47.5% were male, 52.5 were females, 17.65% Acute and transient psychotic disorder, 13.7% bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms, 12.94% Intentional self-harm by other specified means and 12.55% schizophrenia, were the most common diagnoses observed in this population who needed inpatient care;the average length of stay in the majority of cases was less than 3 weeks. Conclusion: The child and adolescent inpatient unit of SQUH from where the data was collected happens to be the only child psychiatric admitting unit in Oman till the end of 2017 and can be considered as representative;the children and adolescence in-patient unit exemplifies a short-term care set-up.
文摘Background: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of lifestyle self-monitoring for the improvement of the IBS and reveal what has been changed due to the intervention. Methods: A total of 111 nursing school students were randomized into three groups, two intervention groups (a two-month intervention group, n = 34, and a four-month intervention group, n = 35) and a control group (n = 34). The intervention groups conducted lifestyle self-monitoring in conjunction with a 15-minutes group work for either two or four months. The primary outcome measure was Rome II criteria for IBS. Other outcome measures were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). They were assessed at the baseline and the end of both of the intervention periods. Analysis was conducted as intention-to-treat. Results: The prevalence of IBS did not change significantly after the intervention in any of the groups. The HAD-A score, a subscale of the HADS score for anxiety, decreased 1.4 points in the two-month intervention group (p = 0.02) and 2.3 points in the four-month intervention group of (p = 0.01) after intervention. The average GSRS decreased 0.2 points in the control group (p = 0.05) and 0.3 points in the four-month intervention group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Lifestyle self-monitoring for two or four months did not reduce the prevalence of the IBS significantly, but it did decrease anxiety and improved the QOL related to gastrointestinal symptoms in female nursing school students.
基金grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1310400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371465 and 81671324).
文摘Gaming disorder has become a significant issue in mental healthcare. While gaming is an important form of entertainment, excessive gaming may cause serious consequences for players. At present, there are still controversies in the academic community concerning the public health problems related to gaming disorder. This article attempts to expound the definition, epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gaming disorder, in order to contribute to future conceptualization of gaming disorder.
文摘OBJECTIVE The alcoholism-related social problems have burdened the public health heavily.A better therapy for alcohol dependence as a chronic brain disease is highly required and interests the scientists worldwide. Our group has focused on screening the right drug with low toxicity and a sound curative effect from traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS Alcohol-preferring Fawn-Hooded(FH/Wjd) rat was used as an animal model of alcoholism to evaluate the effects of brucine N-oxide(BNO),an alkoloid naturally existing in the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L,on the alcohol-drinking behaviors.Furthermore,its adverse action and toxicity were investigated. RESULTS Treatment with BNO at the doses of 30,50 and 70 mg · kg^(-1)reduced the voluntary alcohol consumption and preference dosedependently and selectively without altering their water intake,total fluid intake,food consumption,body weight as well as sucrose preference. Remarkably,70 mg·kg^(-1)of BNO did suppress the deprivationinduced elevation of alcohol ingestion. Moreover,BNO used at the same doses as above had no influence on locomotion in an open field test and could not result in the place preference effect. CONCLUSION Taken together,BNO is of some significant pharmacological profiles to inhibit symptoms of alcohol dependence with high safety,and thence may be a potential pharmacotherapy.
文摘The authors of this study examined the relationship between life attitude and physical disease state and found that psychological well being mediated patients’ illness course. Coherence and life control were endorsed as the important components of psychological well being. A multi-dimensional measure of life purpose was administered to 97 older adults on the acute rehabilitation unit of a major medical center in the United States. The severity of their illness burden was computed blindly by a physician rater. Regression analysis was conducted to determine if life attitude was predictive of the symptom ratings and factor analysis was performed on the individual items of the life attitude instrument to highlight the psychological profile of the older adults in this study for whom health challenges were primary. There was a significant relationship between life attitude and disease severity, even though the fit of the model indicated the need for other explanatory factors to fully account for sickness. Factor analysis demonstrated that items defined as measuring coherence and life control explained the largest proportion of total variance. Coherence incorporated the logical integration and consistent understanding of one’s self and the world at large. Life control referred to volition in decision making, exercising of personal responsibility, and the unfolding of life events. The findings suggested that in older adults undergoing medical hospitalization, psychological resilience had a retrospective orientation rather than prospective. The significant influence of life attitude on patients’ physical condition was consistent with clinical observations that the patients who resiliently endure health challenges seem to possess a hardy psychological reserve.
文摘Background: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is 10% - 15% in the general population. IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort and disordered defecation associated with a stressful lifestyle. However, the cause of IBS has not been clarified yet. Based on a similar, previous study in Japan, this study investigated the prevalence of IBS and the relationship between IBS and stress, lifestyle and dietary habits among nursing and medical school students in China. Methods: Designed to investigate IBS symptoms, life- style, dietary intake, life events, anxiety and depresssion, a blank self-administrated questionnaire was used to survey 2500 nursing or medical students in China. Questionnaires were collected from 2141 stu- dents (85.6%) and responses obtained from 1934 students (90.3%) were analyzed. Results: On the whole, the prevalence of IBS was 32.1% in this study, 26.6% in males and 33.6% in females. In females, the IBS group showed a bedtime later than that in the non-IBS group, and the length of time asleep in the IBS group was shorter than that in the non-IBS group (p p = 0.005). In females, the IBS group showed a frequency for the intake of vegetables and potatoes that was lower than that of the non-IBS group (p = 0.007, p = 0.023). The prevalence of IBS among nursing and medical school students in China (32.1%) was significantly lower than that in Japan (35.5%). Especially, the number of females in the constipation dominant IBS subgroup in China (11.8%) was less than that found in Japan (20.4%). Conclusions: The prevalence of IBS was high among nursing and medical students in China, but lower than that shown in Japan.
文摘Background. Instruments for measuring the presence and severity of specific irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, comparable to those used in Western countries, have been lacking in Japan. The aim of this study was to develop, validate, and confirm the reliability of the Japanese version of the Rome Ⅱ modular questionnaire for IBS (RⅡMQ-J) and the IBS severity index (IBSSI-J). Methods. Forty-nine patients in the university hospital with chronic or recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort and/or altered bowel habits were enrolled. With Rome Ⅱ criteria, 27 patients were diagnosed as having IBS, and the other 22 patients were evaluated as having other functional bowel disorders (FBDs). The English versions of RⅡ MQ and IBS SI were translated into Japanese. After back-translation and approval of the questionnaire, subjects completed both questionnaires twice within 14 days. Results. Cronbach’s alpha of the RⅡ MQ-J was high (0.72). The sensitivity of RⅡ MQ-J for the diagnosis of IBS was also high (89%). The specificity of RⅡ MQ-J for denial of IBS among patients with other FBD was satisfactory (73%). The IBS SIJ showed high internal consistency (0.69) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.86, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The RⅡ MQ-J and IBS SI-J are valid, reliable, and appropriate instruments for detecting and assessing the severity of IBS status in Japanese patients.
文摘An active lifestyle has enormous health benefits.However,physical activity has globally decreased since the beginning of the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak because of social distancing measures.Older adults and people with age-related diseases(e.g.,diabetes,obesity,cancer,cardiovascular disorders,etc.)are widely affected by COVID-19 and its grave adverse effects because of their baseline poor immune function.Although they are in intense need for the therapeutic benefits of exercise,they may express a low capacity for exercising due to skeletal muscle dysfunction and low motivation.Honey is a natural energy-rich,low glycemic index food with a variety of biological activities.It is reported to correct muscle pathology in diseased conditions.Because skeletal muscle is the key structure involved in the exercise,we explored the literature for the exercise-promoting potential of natural honey.Bee honey improves physical performance at moderate levels of activity,and it reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of fatigue following strenuous exercise among athletes.Supplementing ischemic heart disease patients with honey combined with floral pollen improved patients’tolerance for physical loads and corrected metabolic dysfunctions.Therefore,the therapeutic use of honey may have implications for increasing the capacity for exercise in aged and diseased individuals.Soundly designed studies are needed to evaluate such possibilities.
