Fifty-two samples of Miocene pelitic sedimentary rock from outcrops on Medvednica,Moslavacka Gora and Psunj Mts.,and boreholes in the Sava Depression and the Pozega Sub-depression were investigated.These sediments for...Fifty-two samples of Miocene pelitic sedimentary rock from outcrops on Medvednica,Moslavacka Gora and Psunj Mts.,and boreholes in the Sava Depression and the Pozega Sub-depression were investigated.These sediments formed in different marine（with normal and reduced salinity）,brackish,and freshwater environments,depending on the development stage of the Pannonian Basin System.Carbonate minerals,clay minerals and quartz are the main constituents of all pelitic sedimentary rocks,except in those from Moslavacka Gora Mt in which carbonate minerals are not present.Feldspars,pyrite,opal-CT,and hematite are present as minor constituents in some rocks.Besides calcite,dependent on the sedimentary environment and diagenetic changes,high-magnesium calcite,aragonite,dolomite and ankerite/Cadolomite are also present.Smectite or illite-smectite is the main clay minerals in the samples.Minor constituents,present in almost all samples,are detrital illite and kaolinite.In some samples chlorite is also present in a low amount.Major elements,trace elements and rare earth elements patterns used in provenance analysis show that all analysed samples have a composition similar to the values of the upper continental crust（UCC）.The contents of major and trace elements as well as SiO2/Al2O3,K2O/Al2O3,Na2O/K2O,Eu/Eu＊,La/Sc,Th/Sc,La/Co Th/Co,Th/Cr,Ce/Ce＊ and LREE/HREE ratios,show that the analysed pelitic sedimentary rocks were formed by weathering of different types of mostly acidic（silicic）,i.e.felsic rocks.展开更多
Lake Vrana on the island of Cres is one of the largest fresh water features on Mediterranean islands. The maximum depth of the lake is 72 m and it stores 220 million m3 of fresh water. The paper provides an overview o...Lake Vrana on the island of Cres is one of the largest fresh water features on Mediterranean islands. The maximum depth of the lake is 72 m and it stores 220 million m3 of fresh water. The paper provides an overview of lake and groundwater temperature measurements to date and recent activities within the EU project ＂CC-WaterS （Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply）＂. Groundwater temperatures in the lake surrounding are almost constant throughout the year, in the range from 14.6 ℃ to 13.1 ℃, while thermodynamic cycle of the lake conforms to the characteristics of a monomictic, medium depth lake in the moderate climate belt. Present and future climate simulations using three limited area models were analyzed （Aladin, Promes and RegCM3）, they pointed out further air temperature increase in range of 0.27 ℃/10 yrs to 0.32 ℃/10 yrs. The significant changes of precipitation rates were not indicated. Considering increasing water consumption from the lake, already asserted negative trends, indicated climate changes and possible effects on the lake recharge, it is necessary to establish continual monitoring of parameters that describe lake system behaviour and periodically analyze lake conditions, especially with respect to the extraction for the public water supply.展开更多
Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain.From bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scatter...Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain.From bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scattered gravel-sized clasts,marl cobbles and boulders,and abundant marine mammal and fish fossils;Unit 2 consisting of sand intercalated with silt,clay and gravel,which may be horizontally bedded;and Unit 3,which is an erosionally-based lenticular matrix to clast-supported structureless gravel.The basal part of Unit 1 shows numerous reworked skeletal remains of Miocene marine mammals.Cosmogenic radionuclides constrain the age of burial of Unit 1 to 895±211 ka,while the source area of Unit 1 had a quick denudation.The massive sands deposited on the slopes of Papuk Mountain were vulnerable to erosion due to the absence of clay.Heavy rainfall or water from snow melting created flash floods that infiltrated the sands,thereby causing slope destabilization and deformation.This process led to slumps that were transformed into a sandy debris flow.This sediment was probably deposited during the interglacial marine isotope age(MIS)21 period when the scarce vegetation and a warmer climate favored the melting of permafrost ice and consequently triggered slope movements during MIS 22.The reworked skeletal material sampled at the Vranic site comprises fossilized fish along with mammal bones and teeth.Thus,the Vranic site represents an important site for cetacean fossil remains and serves as an important data source for marine life in the Central Paratethys.展开更多
基金funded by the Ministry of Science,Education and Sports,Republic of Croatia,Projects:Basic Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia,1:50,000(181-1811096-1093)the Map of Mineral and Energy Resources of the Republic of Croatia(1811811096-1104)+1 种基金Metamorphic and Magmatic Events in the Panonnian Basin Basement and Dinarides(119-1191155-1156)Evolutionary Changes of the Dinarides from Subduction to Modern Adriatic Beaches(119-1191155-1159)
文摘Fifty-two samples of Miocene pelitic sedimentary rock from outcrops on Medvednica,Moslavacka Gora and Psunj Mts.,and boreholes in the Sava Depression and the Pozega Sub-depression were investigated.These sediments formed in different marine（with normal and reduced salinity）,brackish,and freshwater environments,depending on the development stage of the Pannonian Basin System.Carbonate minerals,clay minerals and quartz are the main constituents of all pelitic sedimentary rocks,except in those from Moslavacka Gora Mt in which carbonate minerals are not present.Feldspars,pyrite,opal-CT,and hematite are present as minor constituents in some rocks.Besides calcite,dependent on the sedimentary environment and diagenetic changes,high-magnesium calcite,aragonite,dolomite and ankerite/Cadolomite are also present.Smectite or illite-smectite is the main clay minerals in the samples.Minor constituents,present in almost all samples,are detrital illite and kaolinite.In some samples chlorite is also present in a low amount.Major elements,trace elements and rare earth elements patterns used in provenance analysis show that all analysed samples have a composition similar to the values of the upper continental crust（UCC）.The contents of major and trace elements as well as SiO2/Al2O3,K2O/Al2O3,Na2O/K2O,Eu/Eu＊,La/Sc,Th/Sc,La/Co Th/Co,Th/Cr,Ce/Ce＊ and LREE/HREE ratios,show that the analysed pelitic sedimentary rocks were formed by weathering of different types of mostly acidic（silicic）,i.e.felsic rocks.
文摘Lake Vrana on the island of Cres is one of the largest fresh water features on Mediterranean islands. The maximum depth of the lake is 72 m and it stores 220 million m3 of fresh water. The paper provides an overview of lake and groundwater temperature measurements to date and recent activities within the EU project ＂CC-WaterS （Climate Change and Impacts on Water Supply）＂. Groundwater temperatures in the lake surrounding are almost constant throughout the year, in the range from 14.6 ℃ to 13.1 ℃, while thermodynamic cycle of the lake conforms to the characteristics of a monomictic, medium depth lake in the moderate climate belt. Present and future climate simulations using three limited area models were analyzed （Aladin, Promes and RegCM3）, they pointed out further air temperature increase in range of 0.27 ℃/10 yrs to 0.32 ℃/10 yrs. The significant changes of precipitation rates were not indicated. Considering increasing water consumption from the lake, already asserted negative trends, indicated climate changes and possible effects on the lake recharge, it is necessary to establish continual monitoring of parameters that describe lake system behaviour and periodically analyze lake conditions, especially with respect to the extraction for the public water supply.
基金supported by Projects no.181-18110961093 of the Croatian Ministry of ScienceEducation and Sports and by the project NKFIH 124807 of the National Research,Development and Innovation Office of Hungary+1 种基金The measurements performed at ASTER(CEREGE,Aix-en-Provence,France)were supported by the INSU/CNRS,the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education,IRD and CEAAMS measurements performed at VERA were supported by the RADIATE project 19001688-ST under the Grant Agreement 824096 from the EU Research and Innovation programme HORIZON 2020.
文摘Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk Mountain.From bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scattered gravel-sized clasts,marl cobbles and boulders,and abundant marine mammal and fish fossils;Unit 2 consisting of sand intercalated with silt,clay and gravel,which may be horizontally bedded;and Unit 3,which is an erosionally-based lenticular matrix to clast-supported structureless gravel.The basal part of Unit 1 shows numerous reworked skeletal remains of Miocene marine mammals.Cosmogenic radionuclides constrain the age of burial of Unit 1 to 895±211 ka,while the source area of Unit 1 had a quick denudation.The massive sands deposited on the slopes of Papuk Mountain were vulnerable to erosion due to the absence of clay.Heavy rainfall or water from snow melting created flash floods that infiltrated the sands,thereby causing slope destabilization and deformation.This process led to slumps that were transformed into a sandy debris flow.This sediment was probably deposited during the interglacial marine isotope age(MIS)21 period when the scarce vegetation and a warmer climate favored the melting of permafrost ice and consequently triggered slope movements during MIS 22.The reworked skeletal material sampled at the Vranic site comprises fossilized fish along with mammal bones and teeth.Thus,the Vranic site represents an important site for cetacean fossil remains and serves as an important data source for marine life in the Central Paratethys.
