Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body,including in the eye.Diabetic retinopathy(DR),pr...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body,including in the eye.Diabetic retinopathy(DR),present in onethird of patients with diabetes,is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes,which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the lightsensitive inner retina,eventually leading to blindness.Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset,duration,types of diabetes,and ethnicity.Recent studies show that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has spread its roots beyond merely being the result of hyperglycemia.The complexity of its etiopathology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging.This review throws light on the pathological processes behind DR,the cascade of events that follow it,as well as the available and emerging treatment options.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics.It threatens healthy life around the globe,with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to s...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics.It threatens healthy life around the globe,with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to significant illness including nephropathy,neuropathy,retinopathy,and macrovascular abnormalities including peripheral vasculopathy,and ischaemic heart disease.Research into diabetic retinopathy(DR),which affects one-third of persons with diabetes,has made considerable strides in recent years.In addition,it can lead to several anterior segment complications such as glaucoma,cataract,cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands and other ocular surface diseases.Uncontrolled DM also caused gradual damage to corneal nerves and epithelial cells,which raises the likelihood of anterior segment diseases including corneal ulcers,dry eye disease,and chronic epithelial abnormalities.Although DR and other associated ocular complications are well-known,the complexity of its aetiology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging.Strict glycaemic control,early detection and regular screening,and meticulous management is the key to halting the progression of the disease.In this review manuscript,we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the broad spectrum of diabetic complications in the anterior segment of the ocular tissues and illustrate the progression of diabetes and its pathophysiology,epidemiology,and prospective therapeutic targets.This first such review article will highlight the role of diagnosing and treating patients with a plethora of anterior segment diseases associated with diabetes,which are often neglected.展开更多
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body,including in the eye.Diabetic retinopathy(DR),present in onethird of patients with diabetes,is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes,which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the lightsensitive inner retina,eventually leading to blindness.Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset,duration,types of diabetes,and ethnicity.Recent studies show that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has spread its roots beyond merely being the result of hyperglycemia.The complexity of its etiopathology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging.This review throws light on the pathological processes behind DR,the cascade of events that follow it,as well as the available and emerging treatment options.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the chronic metabolic noncommunicable diseases that has attained worldwide epidemics.It threatens healthy life around the globe,with mild-to-severe secondary complications and leads to significant illness including nephropathy,neuropathy,retinopathy,and macrovascular abnormalities including peripheral vasculopathy,and ischaemic heart disease.Research into diabetic retinopathy(DR),which affects one-third of persons with diabetes,has made considerable strides in recent years.In addition,it can lead to several anterior segment complications such as glaucoma,cataract,cornea,conjunctiva,lacrimal glands and other ocular surface diseases.Uncontrolled DM also caused gradual damage to corneal nerves and epithelial cells,which raises the likelihood of anterior segment diseases including corneal ulcers,dry eye disease,and chronic epithelial abnormalities.Although DR and other associated ocular complications are well-known,the complexity of its aetiology and diagnosis makes therapeutic intervention challenging.Strict glycaemic control,early detection and regular screening,and meticulous management is the key to halting the progression of the disease.In this review manuscript,we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the broad spectrum of diabetic complications in the anterior segment of the ocular tissues and illustrate the progression of diabetes and its pathophysiology,epidemiology,and prospective therapeutic targets.This first such review article will highlight the role of diagnosing and treating patients with a plethora of anterior segment diseases associated with diabetes,which are often neglected.
