Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents.Although the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent concept...Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents.Although the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD face.Aims The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in ADHD.Methods Adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing(NT)peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the movie.Concomitantly recorded electroencephalography(EEG)data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain areas.Results Compared with their NT peers,the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information,indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected peers.This divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source level.Specifically,NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing,which was not the case in the ADHD group.For the ADHD group,the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead,indicating problems in the deployment of attentional control.Conclusions This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers,in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental information.The results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD,based on event segmentation theory.展开更多
The central mechanisms for pain processing are slowly being unraveled by a multitude of studies. Functional neuroimaging (FNI) is one methodology that has been of help in this. The nature of the step from the sensory ...The central mechanisms for pain processing are slowly being unraveled by a multitude of studies. Functional neuroimaging (FNI) is one methodology that has been of help in this. The nature of the step from the sensory registration of a painful event to how the experience is represented is still largely unknown. From a consciousness perspective it is a fundamental difference between representing the linear process of展开更多
We study hearing in a group of infants with Breast-feeding jaundice (BFJ) by means of Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (T-EOE) and Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) searching for relationship between b...We study hearing in a group of infants with Breast-feeding jaundice (BFJ) by means of Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (T-EOE) and Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) searching for relationship between bilirubin serum levels and auditory dysfunction. Eleven infants born at-term with BFJ were selected for the study. We studied also 11 control age- and gender matched healthy at-term infants without signs of jaundice. T-EOAE studies were performed between 5-7 days after birth, and 3 months later. BAEP studies were performed once. BFJ group infants exhibited lower amplitudes in T-EOE than infants in the control group. These differences disappear at the 3-month evaluation. In BAEP, we observed a significant latency delay of waves I and V in Breast-feeding jaundice group infants. All infants in both groups demonstrated reproducible wave V response at 30 decibels. No significant correlation values were observed between bilirubin serum levels and T-EOE and BAEP variables. Our data suggest that BFJ can result in transient peripheral and central auditory dysfunction. Dysfunction is reversible after treatment of infants with BFJ.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Else Kröner-FreseniusStiftung(2020_EKSE.105)the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung(BMBF)01GL2405H.
文摘Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents.Although the symptoms appear to be well described,no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD face.Aims The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in ADHD.Methods Adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing(NT)peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the movie.Concomitantly recorded electroencephalography(EEG)data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain areas.Results Compared with their NT peers,the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information,indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected peers.This divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source level.Specifically,NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing,which was not the case in the ADHD group.For the ADHD group,the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead,indicating problems in the deployment of attentional control.Conclusions This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers,in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental information.The results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD,based on event segmentation theory.
文摘The central mechanisms for pain processing are slowly being unraveled by a multitude of studies. Functional neuroimaging (FNI) is one methodology that has been of help in this. The nature of the step from the sensory registration of a painful event to how the experience is represented is still largely unknown. From a consciousness perspective it is a fundamental difference between representing the linear process of
文摘We study hearing in a group of infants with Breast-feeding jaundice (BFJ) by means of Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (T-EOE) and Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) searching for relationship between bilirubin serum levels and auditory dysfunction. Eleven infants born at-term with BFJ were selected for the study. We studied also 11 control age- and gender matched healthy at-term infants without signs of jaundice. T-EOAE studies were performed between 5-7 days after birth, and 3 months later. BAEP studies were performed once. BFJ group infants exhibited lower amplitudes in T-EOE than infants in the control group. These differences disappear at the 3-month evaluation. In BAEP, we observed a significant latency delay of waves I and V in Breast-feeding jaundice group infants. All infants in both groups demonstrated reproducible wave V response at 30 decibels. No significant correlation values were observed between bilirubin serum levels and T-EOE and BAEP variables. Our data suggest that BFJ can result in transient peripheral and central auditory dysfunction. Dysfunction is reversible after treatment of infants with BFJ.
