There is an increased need for highly palatable oral dosage forms for dogs and cats, especially in the case of regular or chronic medications. To meet this need of easy application, the original Drontal®Plus t...There is an increased need for highly palatable oral dosage forms for dogs and cats, especially in the case of regular or chronic medications. To meet this need of easy application, the original Drontal®Plus tablet, a broad-spectrum anthelminthic, was optimized using a novel formula. A field study was conducted to evaluate the palatability of this new Drontal®Plus formula in comparison to a positive control product (Milbemax®Chewable Tablets) with a well-known high palatability. The study also aimed to get a palatability claim which necessitates the conduct of appropriate studies. 150 privately owned dogs of 38 pure or mixed breeds, six months to twelve years old, and with a weight range of 5 to 50 kg were included. The study was based on a cross-over design, and a standardized acceptance test was used to evaluate and compare the palatability of the two medications. In this study 88% of dogs voluntarily consumed Drontal®Plus Treat 10 kg, and 86.7% accepted Milbemax®Chewable Tablets. In the majority of cases (IVP: 98%, CP: 95%) the tablets were taken directly from the owner’s hand. The new Drontal®Plus tablet showed a high palatability compared to the Milbemax®Chewable Tablets when used in a household study design with privately owned dogs.展开更多
We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea–mammal networks from four biogeographic realms.We asked whether species positions(measured a...We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea–mammal networks from four biogeographic realms.We asked whether species positions(measured as species strength[SS],the degree of interaction specialization[d],and the eigenvector centrality[C])or the roles of fleas and their hosts in the interaction networks:(a)are repeatable/conserved within a flea or a host species;(b)vary in dependence on environmental variables and/or network size;and(c)the effects of environment and network size on species positions or roles in the networks depend on species traits.The repeatability analysis of species position indices for 441 flea and 429 host species,occurring in at least two networks,demonstrated that the repeatability of SS,d,and C within a species was significant,although not especially high,suggesting that the indices’values were affected by local factors.The majority of flea and host species in the majority of networks demonstrated a peripheral role.A value of at least one index of species position was significantly affected by environmental variables or network size in 41 and 36,respectively,of the 52 flea and 52 host species that occurred in multiple networks.In both fleas and hosts,the occurrence of the significant effect of environment or network size on at least one index of species position,but not on a species’role in a network,was associated with some species traits.展开更多
文摘There is an increased need for highly palatable oral dosage forms for dogs and cats, especially in the case of regular or chronic medications. To meet this need of easy application, the original Drontal®Plus tablet, a broad-spectrum anthelminthic, was optimized using a novel formula. A field study was conducted to evaluate the palatability of this new Drontal®Plus formula in comparison to a positive control product (Milbemax®Chewable Tablets) with a well-known high palatability. The study also aimed to get a palatability claim which necessitates the conduct of appropriate studies. 150 privately owned dogs of 38 pure or mixed breeds, six months to twelve years old, and with a weight range of 5 to 50 kg were included. The study was based on a cross-over design, and a standardized acceptance test was used to evaluate and compare the palatability of the two medications. In this study 88% of dogs voluntarily consumed Drontal®Plus Treat 10 kg, and 86.7% accepted Milbemax®Chewable Tablets. In the majority of cases (IVP: 98%, CP: 95%) the tablets were taken directly from the owner’s hand. The new Drontal®Plus tablet showed a high palatability compared to the Milbemax®Chewable Tablets when used in a household study design with privately owned dogs.
基金supported by Israel Science Foundation(grant 548/23 to BRK and ISK).
文摘We studied spatial variation in the effects of environment and network size on species positions and roles in multiple flea–mammal networks from four biogeographic realms.We asked whether species positions(measured as species strength[SS],the degree of interaction specialization[d],and the eigenvector centrality[C])or the roles of fleas and their hosts in the interaction networks:(a)are repeatable/conserved within a flea or a host species;(b)vary in dependence on environmental variables and/or network size;and(c)the effects of environment and network size on species positions or roles in the networks depend on species traits.The repeatability analysis of species position indices for 441 flea and 429 host species,occurring in at least two networks,demonstrated that the repeatability of SS,d,and C within a species was significant,although not especially high,suggesting that the indices’values were affected by local factors.The majority of flea and host species in the majority of networks demonstrated a peripheral role.A value of at least one index of species position was significantly affected by environmental variables or network size in 41 and 36,respectively,of the 52 flea and 52 host species that occurred in multiple networks.In both fleas and hosts,the occurrence of the significant effect of environment or network size on at least one index of species position,but not on a species’role in a network,was associated with some species traits.
