The multi-platform,multi-band and multi-mode Earth Observation(EO) system has been established in China in recent years.The advanced technologies are playing more and more important role for sustainable development in...The multi-platform,multi-band and multi-mode Earth Observation(EO) system has been established in China in recent years.The advanced technologies are playing more and more important role for sustainable development in whole country.This paper introduces the results and achievements of EO monitoring for agriculture,EO surveying for land resources,EO monitoring for ecological environment,EO support for national surveying and national e-government,natural disaster monitoring and emergency response.It points out that the EO technologies could contribute more to the country,including in the field of global change in the coming decade.展开更多
Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed th...Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas‘ lives, damaging pandas‘ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regionscharacterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance(80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China.展开更多
The study of global climate change seeks to understand:(1)the components of the Earth’s varying environmental system,with a particular focus on climate;(2)how these components interact to determine present conditions...The study of global climate change seeks to understand:(1)the components of the Earth’s varying environmental system,with a particular focus on climate;(2)how these components interact to determine present conditions;(3)the factors driving these components;(4)the history of global change and the projection of future change;and(5)how knowledge about global environmental variability and change can be applied to present-day and future decision-making.This paper addresses the use of high-performance computing and high-throughput computing for a global change study on the Digital Earth(DE)platform.Two aspects of the use of high-performance computing(HPC)/high-throughput computing(HTC)on the DE platform are the processing of data from all sources,especially Earth observation data,and the simulation of global change models.The HPC/HTC is an essential and efficient tool for the processing of vast amounts of global data,especially Earth observation data.The current trend involves running complex global climate models using potentially millions of personal computers to achieve better climate change predictions than would ever be possible using the supercomputers currently available to scientists.展开更多
Powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） is one of the most destructive crop diseases infecting winter wheat plants, and has devastated millions of hectares of farmlands in China. The objective of this study is to detect ...Powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） is one of the most destructive crop diseases infecting winter wheat plants, and has devastated millions of hectares of farmlands in China. The objective of this study is to detect the disease damage of powdery mildew on leaf level by means of the hyperspectral measurements, particularly using the continuous wavelet analysis. In May 2010, the reflectance spectra and the biochemical properties were measured for 114 leaf samples with various disease severity degrees. A hyperspectral imaging system was also employed for obtaining detailed hyperspectral information of the normal and the pustule areas within one diseased leaf. Based on these spectra data, a continuous wavelet analysis （CWA） was carried out in conjunction with a correlation analysis, which generated a so-called correlation scalogram that summarizes the correlations between disease severity and the wavelet power at different wavelengths and decomposition scales. By using a thresholding approach, seven wavelet features were isolated for developing models in determining disease severity. In addition, 22 conventional spectral features （SFs） were also tested and compared with wavelet features for their efficiency in estimating disease severity. The multivariate linear regression （MLR） analysis and the partial least square regression （PLSR） analysis were adopted as training methods in model mildew on leaf level were found to be closely related with the development. The spectral characteristics of the powdery spectral characteristics of the pustule area and the content of chlorophyll. The wavelet features performed better than the conventional SFs in capturing this spectral change. Moreover, the regression model composed by seven wavelet features outperformed （R2=0.77, relative root mean square error RRMSE=0.28） the model composed by 14 optimal conventional SFs （R2---0.69, RRMSE--0.32） in estimating the disease severity. The PLSR method yielded a higher accuracy than the MLR method. A combination of CWA and PLSR was found to be promising in providing relatively accurate estimates of disease severity of powdery mildew on leaf level.展开更多
This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-P...This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-President Al Gore 13 years ago needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the many developments in the fields of information technology,data infrastructures and earth observation that have taken place since.The paper identifies the main policy,scientific and societal drivers for the development of DE and illustrates the multi-faceted nature of a new vision of DE grounding it with a few examples of potential applications.Because no single organisation can on its own develop all the aspects of DE,it is essential to develop a series of collaborations at the global level to turn the vision outlined in this paper into reality.展开更多
The understanding that mankind should reasonably exploit and utilize earth resources and effectively protect the planet on which we live,is now widely accepted.However,effective actions can only be conducted if we bet...The understanding that mankind should reasonably exploit and utilize earth resources and effectively protect the planet on which we live,is now widely accepted.However,effective actions can only be conducted if we better understand and visualize the earth.To meet this need,digital earth science and technology have been put forward and developed.This paper introduces the evolution and development process of digital earth,and presents an overview by reviewing and analyzing the 1999 and 2009 Beijing Declaration on Digital Earth,the scientific and commercial digital earth systems,global and regional digital earth research,and some existing platforms of digital earth science.It also presents some thoughts about digital earth’s future development.展开更多
Digital Earth is the inevitable outcome of the space era and evolutionary development of the information society,characterized by global coverage by Earth observing satellites.Thus,the Earth observing satellite is a k...Digital Earth is the inevitable outcome of the space era and evolutionary development of the information society,characterized by global coverage by Earth observing satellites.Thus,the Earth observing satellite is a key technology for building a Digital Earth.China has placed great importance on the development of Earth observing satellites.The four satellite series in China,which include resource satellites,environment satellites,meteorological satellites and ocean satellites,have been developed within the past few decades.The main characteristics of these satellite series are summarized in Table 1.展开更多
Spatio-temporal semantics based on ＂object views＂ or ＂event views＂ has few abilities to represent and model the continuity and gradual oceanic phenomena or objects, which seriously limits the specific marine appli...Spatio-temporal semantics based on ＂object views＂ or ＂event views＂ has few abilities to represent and model the continuity and gradual oceanic phenomena or objects, which seriously limits the specific marine applications and knowledge discovery and data mining, so this paper proposes a hierarchical abstraction semantics with ＂marine spatio-temporal process-life span phases-evolution sequences--state units＂ and process objects included by level with ＂marine process objects--phase objects--sequence object---state objects＂ with the oceanic process characteristics into the marine process semantics. In addition, this paper designs the storage and representation of marine process objects using the backus normal forms （BNF） and abstract data type （ADT）. Base on E1 Nifio Southern Oscilation （ENSO） index and Chinese rain gauging station data, this paper also gives a case of study. The spatio-temporal analysis between ENSO process and Chinese rainfall anomalies shows that the marine spatio-temporal semantics not only can illustrate the spatial distribution of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different time scales at ENSO process, life span phases and state units, but also analyze the dynamic changes of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different life span phases or state units within ENSO evolution.展开更多
Since earthquakes,tropical storms,and floods are the three main global natural disasters causing the biggest loss,they should be the main focus of research in disaster science and disaster mitigation and prevention.Th...Since earthquakes,tropical storms,and floods are the three main global natural disasters causing the biggest loss,they should be the main focus of research in disaster science and disaster mitigation and prevention.This paper discusses the characteristics of these three global natural disasters from a scientific point of view,and analyses their patterns of distribution,origin and result,as well as the extent of their damage and measures of disaster mitigation and prevention.The paper,at the technical level,introduces the role of earth observation(EO)technologies in disaster mitigation,and real and quasi-real-time monitoring and assessment using advanced optical and microwaveEOcapacities,while digital earth technologies provide avery important role in rapidly acquiring spatial information of the disaster areas.The paper concludes by discussing the relationship between man and natural disasters,and proposes the viewpoint that man and nature should be able to harmoniously coexist,and the importance of understanding disasters from an earth system science perspective so as to better meet the challenges of natural disasters.展开更多
It is urgent and necessary to integrate a marine geographical information system （MGIS） with marine remote sensing detection modules. On the basis of the current technology and features of applications, an open thre...It is urgent and necessary to integrate a marine geographical information system （MGIS） with marine remote sensing detection modules. On the basis of the current technology and features of applications, an open three-layer integration framework is designed. At the data layer, a two-level three-base integration mechanism based on the plug-in technology is applied; At the function layer, an integration mode based on API, DLL, EXE and COM is discussed; and at the application layer, a sharing mechanism based on the clients/service is adopted. As an example, the remote sensing integrated application information system of China＇s coastal zone and offshore （MaXplorer1. 0） with muhiecology remote sensing fusion and assimilation module, surge detection module as well as eight other thematic application modules is integrated, and the key technology of integration is discussed at different layers and in different modules. The result shows that it is possible to realize the conformity of technology and resources and to provide the incorporate technology platform for marine information operational functioning after applying the integration framework.展开更多
The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from ...The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations;there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength.Compared with fresh snow,the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300～1 300,1 700～1 800 and 2 200～2 300 nm,the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice.For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics,it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types(including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350～1 300 nm.However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic.In the end,based on the spectrum analysis of snow,vegetation,and mixed snow/vegetation pixels,the mixed spectral fitting equations were established,and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones(correlation coefficient R2=0.950 9).展开更多
The China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station was established in 1986.It currently has three receiving stations in the north,west,and south of China,with the capacity to receive data from 15 international and dome...The China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station was established in 1986.It currently has three receiving stations in the north,west,and south of China,with the capacity to receive data from 15 international and domestic Earth observation satellites covering the entire Chinese territory and 70%of Asia.Meanwhile,a systematic,integrated,and standardized spatial information service system has been built.A data-sharing project for medium-resolution Earth observation satellites has been conducted and plays an important role in land,ocean,and atmospheric resource investigation and environmental monitoring.展开更多
Variations of glaciers are important parameters for monitoring glacial change. Although optical remote sensing method can extract variations of glaciers effectively and accurately in cloudless regions, these variation...Variations of glaciers are important parameters for monitoring glacial change. Although optical remote sensing method can extract variations of glaciers effectively and accurately in cloudless regions, these variations are difficult to extract in cloudy conditions and bad weather. In this paper, a new method is presented, based on the decorrelation of repeat SAR interferometry, to extract the variations of glaciers. This method uses the decorrelation of the inland glacier＇s surface to extract the variation of glacier by comparing the coherence of the glacier and land cover in threshold values. For validation of this method, we compared classification results with that derived from TM images. An accuracy of better than 89% can be achieved if we consider the classification result from TM image as the ground truth. Results show that this method provides an effective way to identify icy areas from the coherent image.展开更多
At 13:46 on March 11,2011(Beijing time),a great earthquake of magnitude of 9.0 occurred off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan(Tohoku Region).After the earthquake,the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Eart...At 13:46 on March 11,2011(Beijing time),a great earthquake of magnitude of 9.0 occurred off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan(Tohoku Region).After the earthquake,the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth(CEODE),Chinese Academy of Sciences,quickly launched a major disaster emergency response to assess the disaster.In this paper,we have extracted buildings and farms in the heavily devastated area that includes Iwate,Miyagi,and Fukushima Prefectures,based on multi-spectral remote sensing data.We have assessed building damage by overlaying seismic intensity and building distributions.In addition,we have assessed the extent of building and farm damage caused by the tsunami through the establishment of a tsunami impact assessment model that is based on terrain and distance from the coastline.The results were partially verified by high-resolution images obtained after the disaster.The results show that about 76% of buildings in Miyagi Prefecture were affected by seismic intensity 6 and above,with 24% of the buildings and 12% of the farms destroyed by the tsunami.These huge losses were echoes at lesser amounts in Fukushima and Iwate.The results provide the support of basic data,which can be further developed by economic and social aspects of the disaster assessment.展开更多
Digital Earth is an information expression of the real Earth,and is a new way of understanding the Earth in the twenty-first century.This paper introduces a Digital Earth Prototype System(DEPS)developed at the Chinese...Digital Earth is an information expression of the real Earth,and is a new way of understanding the Earth in the twenty-first century.This paper introduces a Digital Earth Prototype System(DEPS)developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Discussions are made to the theoretical model and technical framework of the Digital Earth,and its related key technologies on spatial information processing,spatial data warehouse technology,virtual reality technology,high-performance and parallel computing.The DEPS consists of seven sub-systems including the spatial data,metadata,model database,Grid geoscience computing,spatial information database,maps service and virtual reality.Meanwhile,we developed a series of application systems such as the environment monitoring for the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing,natural disasters evaluation,digital city,digital archeology,Asia regional aerosol and climate change.The DEPS/CAS displayed the application ability and potential of the Digital Earth in three levels:the global,national and regional.展开更多
Earth observation is an effective technique that plays an important role in earthquake damage reduction and reconstruction.This paper introduces the results of dynamic analysis on monitoring and assessing heavily impa...Earth observation is an effective technique that plays an important role in earthquake damage reduction and reconstruction.This paper introduces the results of dynamic analysis on monitoring and assessing heavily impacted areas affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake using remote sensing data acquired in the past 3 years from 2008 to 2010.Immediately after the disaster on 12 May 2008,the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a project entitled‘Wenchuan Earthquake Disasters Monitoring and Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technology.’More than 400 images from 17 satellites and 20.2TB airborne remote sensing data were acquired to facilitate quick monitoring and evaluation of severely damaged areas in 14 counties.Results of the image analyses were forwarded on a timely basis to assist with consultative service and decisionmaking support.In subsequent years,in order to monitor the process of environmental restoration and reconstruction,airborne optical remote sensing images covering most of the severely damaged areas were again acquired in May 2009 and April 2010.These images were analyzed and compared along with images from 2008.Results were useful in support of further work on environmental protection and reconstruction in earthquake-damaged areas.Three typical areas were selected for illustrative purposes including Tangjiashan Barrier Lake,Beichuan County,and counties of Yingxiu and the new Beichuan.These results well demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of the utility of earth observation for disaster mitigation and reconstruction.展开更多
Earthquake-collapsed building identification is important in earthquake damage assessment and is evidence for mapping seismic intensity. After the May 12th Wenchuan major earthquake occurred, experts from CEODE and IP...Earthquake-collapsed building identification is important in earthquake damage assessment and is evidence for mapping seismic intensity. After the May 12th Wenchuan major earthquake occurred, experts from CEODE and IPSC collaborated to make a rapid earthquake damage assessment. A crucial task was to identify collapsed buildings from ADS40 images in the earthquake region. The difficulty was to differentiate collapsed buildings from concrete bridges, dry gravels, and landslide-induced rolling stones since they had a similar gray level range in the image. Based on the IPSC method, an improved automatic identification technique was developed and tested in the study area, a portion of Beichuan County. Final results showed that the technique’s accuracy was over 95%. Procedures and results of this experiment are presented in this article. Theory of this technique indicates that it could be applied to collapsed building identification caused by other disasters.展开更多
The Sixth International Symposium on Digital Earth(ISDE6)was successfully convened in Beijing,China,from 9 to 12 September 2009.ISDE6 was hosted by the International Society for Digital Earth and the Chinese Academy o...The Sixth International Symposium on Digital Earth(ISDE6)was successfully convened in Beijing,China,from 9 to 12 September 2009.ISDE6 was hosted by the International Society for Digital Earth and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),organized by the Chinese National Committee of the International Society for Digital Earth and the CAS Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth,with co-sponsorship of 16 Chinese government departments,institutions and international organizations.More than 1000 scientists,engineers,educators,entrepreneurs,managers,administrators,and representatives of civil societies from more than 40 countries,international organizations,and NGOs attended the symposium.ISDE6 focused on the theme of‘Digital Earth in Action.’Some 900 abstracts and 500 full papers were submitted to the symposium,of which about 210 were presented as oral presentations at plenary and parallel sessions,and over 400 participants presented their poster papers.展开更多
文摘The multi-platform,multi-band and multi-mode Earth Observation(EO) system has been established in China in recent years.The advanced technologies are playing more and more important role for sustainable development in whole country.This paper introduces the results and achievements of EO monitoring for agriculture,EO surveying for land resources,EO monitoring for ecological environment,EO support for national surveying and national e-government,natural disaster monitoring and emergency response.It points out that the EO technologies could contribute more to the country,including in the field of global change in the coming decade.
基金supported by program of international S&T Cooperation"Fined Earth Observation and Recognition of The Impact of the Global Change of on World Heritage Sites"(Grant No.2013DFG21640)Open Fund of the center for Earth observation and Digital Earth,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2013LDE006)
文摘Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas‘ lives, damaging pandas‘ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regionscharacterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance(80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China.
文摘China’s space remote sensing applications mainly relied on foreign satellite data in the early stage. The reform and opening policy implemented by the
基金This work was supported in part by the MOST,China under Grant Nos.2009CB723906 and 2008AA12Z109by CAS under Grant No.KZCX2-YW-313.
文摘The study of global climate change seeks to understand:(1)the components of the Earth’s varying environmental system,with a particular focus on climate;(2)how these components interact to determine present conditions;(3)the factors driving these components;(4)the history of global change and the projection of future change;and(5)how knowledge about global environmental variability and change can be applied to present-day and future decision-making.This paper addresses the use of high-performance computing and high-throughput computing for a global change study on the Digital Earth(DE)platform.Two aspects of the use of high-performance computing(HPC)/high-throughput computing(HTC)on the DE platform are the processing of data from all sources,especially Earth observation data,and the simulation of global change models.The HPC/HTC is an essential and efficient tool for the processing of vast amounts of global data,especially Earth observation data.The current trend involves running complex global climate models using potentially millions of personal computers to achieve better climate change predictions than would ever be possible using the supercomputers currently available to scientists.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41101395, 41071276, 31071324)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, China (4122032)the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB311806)
文摘Powdery mildew （Blumeria graminis） is one of the most destructive crop diseases infecting winter wheat plants, and has devastated millions of hectares of farmlands in China. The objective of this study is to detect the disease damage of powdery mildew on leaf level by means of the hyperspectral measurements, particularly using the continuous wavelet analysis. In May 2010, the reflectance spectra and the biochemical properties were measured for 114 leaf samples with various disease severity degrees. A hyperspectral imaging system was also employed for obtaining detailed hyperspectral information of the normal and the pustule areas within one diseased leaf. Based on these spectra data, a continuous wavelet analysis （CWA） was carried out in conjunction with a correlation analysis, which generated a so-called correlation scalogram that summarizes the correlations between disease severity and the wavelet power at different wavelengths and decomposition scales. By using a thresholding approach, seven wavelet features were isolated for developing models in determining disease severity. In addition, 22 conventional spectral features （SFs） were also tested and compared with wavelet features for their efficiency in estimating disease severity. The multivariate linear regression （MLR） analysis and the partial least square regression （PLSR） analysis were adopted as training methods in model mildew on leaf level were found to be closely related with the development. The spectral characteristics of the powdery spectral characteristics of the pustule area and the content of chlorophyll. The wavelet features performed better than the conventional SFs in capturing this spectral change. Moreover, the regression model composed by seven wavelet features outperformed （R2=0.77, relative root mean square error RRMSE=0.28） the model composed by 14 optimal conventional SFs （R2---0.69, RRMSE--0.32） in estimating the disease severity. The PLSR method yielded a higher accuracy than the MLR method. A combination of CWA and PLSR was found to be promising in providing relatively accurate estimates of disease severity of powdery mildew on leaf level.
文摘This position paper is the outcome of a brainstorming workshop organised by the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE)in Beijing in March 2011.It argues that the vision of Digital Earth(DE)put forward by Vice-President Al Gore 13 years ago needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the many developments in the fields of information technology,data infrastructures and earth observation that have taken place since.The paper identifies the main policy,scientific and societal drivers for the development of DE and illustrates the multi-faceted nature of a new vision of DE grounding it with a few examples of potential applications.Because no single organisation can on its own develop all the aspects of DE,it is essential to develop a series of collaborations at the global level to turn the vision outlined in this paper into reality.
基金This research was supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2009CB723906).
文摘The understanding that mankind should reasonably exploit and utilize earth resources and effectively protect the planet on which we live,is now widely accepted.However,effective actions can only be conducted if we better understand and visualize the earth.To meet this need,digital earth science and technology have been put forward and developed.This paper introduces the evolution and development process of digital earth,and presents an overview by reviewing and analyzing the 1999 and 2009 Beijing Declaration on Digital Earth,the scientific and commercial digital earth systems,global and regional digital earth research,and some existing platforms of digital earth science.It also presents some thoughts about digital earth’s future development.
文摘Digital Earth is the inevitable outcome of the space era and evolutionary development of the information society,characterized by global coverage by Earth observing satellites.Thus,the Earth observing satellite is a key technology for building a Digital Earth.China has placed great importance on the development of Earth observing satellites.The four satellite series in China,which include resource satellites,environment satellites,meteorological satellites and ocean satellites,have been developed within the past few decades.The main characteristics of these satellite series are summarized in Table 1.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract No.2009CB723903the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 40901194 and 40801162+2 种基金the Director Foundation of CEODECASunder contract No.Y2ZZ06101B
文摘Spatio-temporal semantics based on ＂object views＂ or ＂event views＂ has few abilities to represent and model the continuity and gradual oceanic phenomena or objects, which seriously limits the specific marine applications and knowledge discovery and data mining, so this paper proposes a hierarchical abstraction semantics with ＂marine spatio-temporal process-life span phases-evolution sequences--state units＂ and process objects included by level with ＂marine process objects--phase objects--sequence object---state objects＂ with the oceanic process characteristics into the marine process semantics. In addition, this paper designs the storage and representation of marine process objects using the backus normal forms （BNF） and abstract data type （ADT）. Base on E1 Nifio Southern Oscilation （ENSO） index and Chinese rain gauging station data, this paper also gives a case of study. The spatio-temporal analysis between ENSO process and Chinese rainfall anomalies shows that the marine spatio-temporal semantics not only can illustrate the spatial distribution of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different time scales at ENSO process, life span phases and state units, but also analyze the dynamic changes of Chinese rainfall anomalies in different life span phases or state units within ENSO evolution.
基金supported by the IAP and the National Basic Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2009CB723906).
文摘Since earthquakes,tropical storms,and floods are the three main global natural disasters causing the biggest loss,they should be the main focus of research in disaster science and disaster mitigation and prevention.This paper discusses the characteristics of these three global natural disasters from a scientific point of view,and analyses their patterns of distribution,origin and result,as well as the extent of their damage and measures of disaster mitigation and prevention.The paper,at the technical level,introduces the role of earth observation(EO)technologies in disaster mitigation,and real and quasi-real-time monitoring and assessment using advanced optical and microwaveEOcapacities,while digital earth technologies provide avery important role in rapidly acquiring spatial information of the disaster areas.The paper concludes by discussing the relationship between man and natural disasters,and proposes the viewpoint that man and nature should be able to harmoniously coexist,and the importance of understanding disasters from an earth system science perspective so as to better meet the challenges of natural disasters.
基金The Project of"863"Program of China under contract No. 2004AA639820the National Natural Science Foundation of China undercontract No. 40571129
文摘It is urgent and necessary to integrate a marine geographical information system （MGIS） with marine remote sensing detection modules. On the basis of the current technology and features of applications, an open three-layer integration framework is designed. At the data layer, a two-level three-base integration mechanism based on the plug-in technology is applied; At the function layer, an integration mode based on API, DLL, EXE and COM is discussed; and at the application layer, a sharing mechanism based on the clients/service is adopted. As an example, the remote sensing integrated application information system of China＇s coastal zone and offshore （MaXplorer1. 0） with muhiecology remote sensing fusion and assimilation module, surge detection module as well as eight other thematic application modules is integrated, and the key technology of integration is discussed at different layers and in different modules. The result shows that it is possible to realize the conformity of technology and resources and to provide the incorporate technology platform for marine information operational functioning after applying the integration framework.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(40771147)Global Change Research Projects of Key National Scientific Research Plan(2010CB951302)the Social Commonweal Meteorological Research Project(GYHY201106027)
文摘The field spectroradiometer was used to measure spectra of different snow and snow-covered land surface objects in Beijing area.The result showed that for a pure snow spectrum,the snow reflectance peaks appeared from visible to 800 nm band locations;there was an obvious absorption valley of snow spectrum near 1 030 nm wavelength.Compared with fresh snow,the reflection peaks of the old snow and melting snow showed different degrees of decline in the ranges of 300～1 300,1 700～1 800 and 2 200～2 300 nm,the lowest was from the compacted snow and frozen ice.For the vegetation and snow mixed spectral characteristics,it was indicated that the spectral reflectance increased for the snow-covered land types(including pine leaf with snow and pine leaf on snow background), due to the influence of snow background in the range of 350～1 300 nm.However, the spectrum reflectance of mixed pixel remained a vegetation spectral characteristic.In the end,based on the spectrum analysis of snow,vegetation,and mixed snow/vegetation pixels,the mixed spectral fitting equations were established,and the results showed that there was good correlation between spectral curves by simulation fitting and observed ones(correlation coefficient R2=0.950 9).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60972141).
文摘The China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station was established in 1986.It currently has three receiving stations in the north,west,and south of China,with the capacity to receive data from 15 international and domestic Earth observation satellites covering the entire Chinese territory and 70%of Asia.Meanwhile,a systematic,integrated,and standardized spatial information service system has been built.A data-sharing project for medium-resolution Earth observation satellites has been conducted and plays an important role in land,ocean,and atmospheric resource investigation and environmental monitoring.
基金supported by funds from 973 Program (No.2009CB723901)863 Program (No. 2009AA12Z122)863 Program (No. 2008AA12Z145)
文摘Variations of glaciers are important parameters for monitoring glacial change. Although optical remote sensing method can extract variations of glaciers effectively and accurately in cloudless regions, these variations are difficult to extract in cloudy conditions and bad weather. In this paper, a new method is presented, based on the decorrelation of repeat SAR interferometry, to extract the variations of glaciers. This method uses the decorrelation of the inland glacier＇s surface to extract the variation of glacier by comparing the coherence of the glacier and land cover in threshold values. For validation of this method, we compared classification results with that derived from TM images. An accuracy of better than 89% can be achieved if we consider the classification result from TM image as the ground truth. Results show that this method provides an effective way to identify icy areas from the coherent image.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB723906)the National Basic Research Development Program of China(2009AA12Z102 and 2009AA12Z147)
文摘At 13:46 on March 11,2011(Beijing time),a great earthquake of magnitude of 9.0 occurred off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan(Tohoku Region).After the earthquake,the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth(CEODE),Chinese Academy of Sciences,quickly launched a major disaster emergency response to assess the disaster.In this paper,we have extracted buildings and farms in the heavily devastated area that includes Iwate,Miyagi,and Fukushima Prefectures,based on multi-spectral remote sensing data.We have assessed building damage by overlaying seismic intensity and building distributions.In addition,we have assessed the extent of building and farm damage caused by the tsunami through the establishment of a tsunami impact assessment model that is based on terrain and distance from the coastline.The results were partially verified by high-resolution images obtained after the disaster.The results show that about 76% of buildings in Miyagi Prefecture were affected by seismic intensity 6 and above,with 24% of the buildings and 12% of the farms destroyed by the tsunami.These huge losses were echoes at lesser amounts in Fukushima and Iwate.The results provide the support of basic data,which can be further developed by economic and social aspects of the disaster assessment.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,NO.2009CB723906)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO.KKCX1-YW-01).
文摘Digital Earth is an information expression of the real Earth,and is a new way of understanding the Earth in the twenty-first century.This paper introduces a Digital Earth Prototype System(DEPS)developed at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Discussions are made to the theoretical model and technical framework of the Digital Earth,and its related key technologies on spatial information processing,spatial data warehouse technology,virtual reality technology,high-performance and parallel computing.The DEPS consists of seven sub-systems including the spatial data,metadata,model database,Grid geoscience computing,spatial information database,maps service and virtual reality.Meanwhile,we developed a series of application systems such as the environment monitoring for the Olympic Games 2008 in Beijing,natural disasters evaluation,digital city,digital archeology,Asia regional aerosol and climate change.The DEPS/CAS displayed the application ability and potential of the Digital Earth in three levels:the global,national and regional.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Nos.2009CB723906,2009CB723902)National 863 Program(2009AA12Z102).
文摘Earth observation is an effective technique that plays an important role in earthquake damage reduction and reconstruction.This paper introduces the results of dynamic analysis on monitoring and assessing heavily impacted areas affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake using remote sensing data acquired in the past 3 years from 2008 to 2010.Immediately after the disaster on 12 May 2008,the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a project entitled‘Wenchuan Earthquake Disasters Monitoring and Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technology.’More than 400 images from 17 satellites and 20.2TB airborne remote sensing data were acquired to facilitate quick monitoring and evaluation of severely damaged areas in 14 counties.Results of the image analyses were forwarded on a timely basis to assist with consultative service and decisionmaking support.In subsequent years,in order to monitor the process of environmental restoration and reconstruction,airborne optical remote sensing images covering most of the severely damaged areas were again acquired in May 2009 and April 2010.These images were analyzed and compared along with images from 2008.Results were useful in support of further work on environmental protection and reconstruction in earthquake-damaged areas.Three typical areas were selected for illustrative purposes including Tangjiashan Barrier Lake,Beichuan County,and counties of Yingxiu and the new Beichuan.These results well demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of the utility of earth observation for disaster mitigation and reconstruction.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009 CB723906)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KKCX1-YW-01)
文摘Earthquake-collapsed building identification is important in earthquake damage assessment and is evidence for mapping seismic intensity. After the May 12th Wenchuan major earthquake occurred, experts from CEODE and IPSC collaborated to make a rapid earthquake damage assessment. A crucial task was to identify collapsed buildings from ADS40 images in the earthquake region. The difficulty was to differentiate collapsed buildings from concrete bridges, dry gravels, and landslide-induced rolling stones since they had a similar gray level range in the image. Based on the IPSC method, an improved automatic identification technique was developed and tested in the study area, a portion of Beichuan County. Final results showed that the technique’s accuracy was over 95%. Procedures and results of this experiment are presented in this article. Theory of this technique indicates that it could be applied to collapsed building identification caused by other disasters.
文摘The Sixth International Symposium on Digital Earth(ISDE6)was successfully convened in Beijing,China,from 9 to 12 September 2009.ISDE6 was hosted by the International Society for Digital Earth and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),organized by the Chinese National Committee of the International Society for Digital Earth and the CAS Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth,with co-sponsorship of 16 Chinese government departments,institutions and international organizations.More than 1000 scientists,engineers,educators,entrepreneurs,managers,administrators,and representatives of civil societies from more than 40 countries,international organizations,and NGOs attended the symposium.ISDE6 focused on the theme of‘Digital Earth in Action.’Some 900 abstracts and 500 full papers were submitted to the symposium,of which about 210 were presented as oral presentations at plenary and parallel sessions,and over 400 participants presented their poster papers.
