The Jurassic Yanan Formation is one of the most important coal-producing formations and hydrocarbon source rocks in the Ordos Basin, North China. To evaluate the shale gas potential of the Yanan shale, a total of 48 s...The Jurassic Yanan Formation is one of the most important coal-producing formations and hydrocarbon source rocks in the Ordos Basin, North China. To evaluate the shale gas potential of the Yanan shale, a total of 48 samples from north Ordos Basin were sampled, and their geochemical, petrological, mineralogical and pore characteristics were investigated. It was found that the shale samples are a suite of early mature source rock. The total organic carbon(TOC) content ranges from 0.33% to 24.12% and the hydrogen index(HI) ranges from 43.31 mg/g to 330.58 mg/g. The relationship between Tmax and HI indicates the organic matter is type Ⅱ-Ⅲ. This conclusion is also supported by the organic petrological examination results, which shows that the kerogen is mainly liptinite and vitrinite. Minerals in the samples are composed mainly of quartz, clay and feldspar, and the clay minerals are composed of prevailing kaolinite, illite/smectite, chlorite and a small amount of illite. Under scanning electron microscope, OM pores in the Yanan shale are scarce except pores come from the kerogen intrinsic texture or clay aggregates within the organic particles. As the weak compaction caused by shallow burial depth, interparticle pores and intraparticle pores are common, the hydrocarbon storage capacity of the Yanan shale was improved. According to evaluation, the Yanan shale is considered as a good shale gas reservoir, but its hydrocarbon potential is more dependent on biogenic and coal-derived gas as the thermogenic gas is limited by the lower thermal maturity.展开更多
Chinese oil and gas sector development in2014Chinese economy grew 7.4 percent in 2014,entering the‘New Normal’growth phase China’s economy expanded steadily-but at a slower rate than recent decades-in 2014,with a r...Chinese oil and gas sector development in2014Chinese economy grew 7.4 percent in 2014,entering the‘New Normal’growth phase China’s economy expanded steadily-but at a slower rate than recent decades-in 2014,with a relatively smooth growth in the first half of the year due to recovering exports but with increasing downward pressure brought on by overcapacity,in the energy sector and industry展开更多
In 2018, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Oil and Gas System was implemented, and supporting measures were introduced one after another to promote the further expansion of the oil and gas market. The promot...In 2018, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Oil and Gas System was implemented, and supporting measures were introduced one after another to promote the further expansion of the oil and gas market. The promotion of the competitive transfer of mining rights has continued, and Xinjiang has for the first time sold the exploration rights of five oil and gas exploration blocks through listing. The supervision of the fair opening of oil and gas pipeline networks has been strengthened, and oil and gas infrastructure will be opened to third parties. Market access for oil sales has been further relaxed, and restrictions on more than 30 foreign-funded chain gas stations requiring Chinese ownership have been lifted.The management system of oil and gas import and export has been improved, and non-state-owned trading enterprises in the free trade zone have for the first time been granted the right to import crude oil. The pricing mechanism of natural gas has been further improved; the price management of residential gas has been changed from the highest gate station price management to reference gate station price management so as to realize the connection between residential gas and nonresidential gas reference price levels. The promotion of the successful listing of Shanghai crude oil futures will promote the formation of Asian pricing power for crude oil and enhance China's influence on pricing in the international oil market. In addition, the state has issued the Opinions on Promoting the Coordinated and Stable Development of Natural Gas, which is conducive to solving the problems of the incomplete natural gas production, supply, storage and marketing system, and unbalanced industrial development in China. Focusing on enhancing domestic oil and gas exploration and development,such fiscal and taxation support policies as shale gas tax cuts and the proposed extension of subsidy years have been introduced so as to slow down the excessive rise in oil and gas dependence on foreign countries, and enhance the ability to ensure national energy security.展开更多
The reforms in oil and gas sector have been accelerated in 2015. The reform of mineral rights has begun and 6 oil and gas exploration zones in Xinjiang Autonomous Region have served as the tender pilots, breaking thro...The reforms in oil and gas sector have been accelerated in 2015. The reform of mineral rights has begun and 6 oil and gas exploration zones in Xinjiang Autonomous Region have served as the tender pilots, breaking through the requirements on the resources varieties, exploration phase and enterprise qual!fication. The right of importing and using of the crude oil has been gradually relaxed and 13 local refineries have obtained the right to use imported crude oil of 55.1888 million tons per year. The natural gas price for non-residential use was unified and a universal price was set ~r the incremental supply and existing supply. Tire Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange （SHPGX） was established and laid foundation for the market mechanism to detervnine the price. The government governance has undergone continuous adjustments such as regulating the tax instead of charging the fees, streamlining administration and delegating power to tire lower levels.The Guidelines on Deepening tire Reform of State-owned Enterprises was released, symbolizing the accomplishment of the overall planning ~ the SOE reform.展开更多
Over the past two decades, as the main battlefield of China's international energy cooperation, countries along the Belt and Road have had good foundations in the foreign investment. Through China's efforts to...Over the past two decades, as the main battlefield of China's international energy cooperation, countries along the Belt and Road have had good foundations in the foreign investment. Through China's efforts to build the Belt and Road, energy cooperation has enjoyed first-mover advantages. Looking ahead, the countries along the Belt and Road are predicted to enjoy a promising future in energy cooperation because of their abundant energy resources, their role as complements to China's economic development, and their vast amounts of cooperation potential. At the same time, we are also keenly aware that there are a number of risks caused by geopolitics, policy changes, price fluctuations and legal compliance in energy cooperation among the countries along the Belt and Road. Moreover, it is urgent for Chinese enterprises to enhance their international capabilities. In this context, it is necessary to further maintain and make full use of their first-mover advantages and play a guiding and demonstrating role. Enterprises should actively adapt to new changes, while the government should make progress in policy coordination, facility connectivity, unimpeded trade, financed integration and people-to-people bonds, so as to keep deepening international energy cooperation and to build an energy silk road and a community with a shared future for energy.展开更多
This paper reviews the history of cooperation in overseas oil and gas among Chinese oil companies and selects two indicators of production and initial planned investment to systematically review and analyze in depth t...This paper reviews the history of cooperation in overseas oil and gas among Chinese oil companies and selects two indicators of production and initial planned investment to systematically review and analyze in depth the overseas cooperation process of Chinese oil companies.Based on the analysis of produced quantities (entitlement),it summarizes the current situation,scale and pattern of Chinese enterprises'overseas business. Based on the analysis of the initial planned investment,it summarizes the five stages in the development of overseas cooperation and the development characteristics of each stage.展开更多
Policies of major resource countries are different from those of major consumption countries.Policies of the former aimed at activating the oil and gas industry,enhancing its competiveness and expanding markets.While ...Policies of major resource countries are different from those of major consumption countries.Policies of the former aimed at activating the oil and gas industry,enhancing its competiveness and expanding markets.While the latter change their attitudes toward nuclear power.Europe and countries continue to cut the subsidies to renewable energy and keep a steady pace of pushing forward carbon tariff.展开更多
Since Chinese government made oil opening decisions in March 1978,China’s oil and gas exploration and development has maintained steady growth and achieved a lot in foreign cooperation.In recent years,oil and gas out...Since Chinese government made oil opening decisions in March 1978,China’s oil and gas exploration and development has maintained steady growth and achieved a lot in foreign cooperation.In recent years,oil and gas output has been increased,the area of new projects has been expanded,international partners have been grown,competitiveness and management level of China’s展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative was proposed six years ago.Since then,significant achievements have been made through its implementation,but specific problems have also arisen.In the past,the focus of research was mainly...The Belt and Road Initiative was proposed six years ago.Since then,significant achievements have been made through its implementation,but specific problems have also arisen.In the past,the focus of research was mainly on the macro and micro issues of the“going global”aspect of the Belt and Road Initiative.As“going global”and“bringing in”are two aspects of the initiative,China should not only go global but also continue to open up to the outside world.In particular.展开更多
In 2013,oil and gas industry policies deepened,oil and gas pricing system improved,oil quality upgrading accelerated,the central government canceled approval examination and approval or delegated it to lower levels an...In 2013,oil and gas industry policies deepened,oil and gas pricing system improved,oil quality upgrading accelerated,the central government canceled approval examination and approval or delegated it to lower levels and a series of policies released such as supporting private capital entering the oil and gas industry and展开更多
In 2014,President Xi Jinping put forward 5 requirements about promoting energy production and consumption revolution on the 6th conference of Central Financial and Economics Leading Group,i.e.promoting energy consumpt...In 2014,President Xi Jinping put forward 5 requirements about promoting energy production and consumption revolution on the 6th conference of Central Financial and Economics Leading Group,i.e.promoting energy consumption revolution and inhibiting unreasonable energy consumption;promoting energy supply revolution and establishing diversified supply system;promoting energy technology revolution and driving industry upgrading;promoting energy system revolution and breaking through quick lane of展开更多
Overview of development in China’s oil and gas industry in 2013China’s economy grew slowly but steadily,at an expected annual rate of 7.6%,and investment as a contribution towards economic growth increased In 2013,t...Overview of development in China’s oil and gas industry in 2013China’s economy grew slowly but steadily,at an expected annual rate of 7.6%,and investment as a contribution towards economic growth increased In 2013,the economy of China entered a transition period of slow but steady growth,with the annual GDP growth expected to be 7.6%,after a down-and-up swing.Driven by policies ensuring steady growth,investment once again became the main driving force of economic growth.Investment for improving people’s展开更多
The year 2013 witnessed a fragile recovery in the world economy as well as profound geopolitical adjustments.In general,the global oil and gas industry maintained development in a stable and healthy manner.The oil mar...The year 2013 witnessed a fragile recovery in the world economy as well as profound geopolitical adjustments.In general,the global oil and gas industry maintained development in a stable and healthy manner.The oil market was still loose but the oil price fluctuated at a high level.Gas supply and demand was generally balanced and gas-price gaps in the American,European and展开更多
In 1993,in the context of China’s opening-up,reforms,and economic globalization,Chinese oil companies,such as China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC),started their international businesses under the guidance of th...In 1993,in the context of China’s opening-up,reforms,and economic globalization,Chinese oil companies,such as China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC),started their international businesses under the guidance of the government’s key decision to fully utilize its resources both at home and abroad.After twenty years of rapid development,Chinese oil companies have become important players in the international oil and gas展开更多
An earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 hit the east coast of Houshu Island,Japan,on March.11th,2011.It caused a severe tsunami,which induced leakage of nuclear power station and then further changed the energy mix in J...An earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 hit the east coast of Houshu Island,Japan,on March.11th,2011.It caused a severe tsunami,which induced leakage of nuclear power station and then further changed the energy mix in Japan.Many countries around the world started to reconsider the safety of nuclear power and possible changes in energy framework of the world could be expected in a foreseeable future.Damages and losses from Japan nuclear accident The earthquake and tsunami almost paralyzed Japan’s whole nuclear power sector.Power stations of other kinds of energy forms such as coal and oil were also suffered from great loss.However,most stations with gas as the fuel were展开更多
Generally,oil refining industry maintained steady growth in China in 2013,oil refining capacity continued to grow rapidly,growth rate of processed crude oil slowed down,and operating rate of refineries declined slight...Generally,oil refining industry maintained steady growth in China in 2013,oil refining capacity continued to grow rapidly,growth rate of processed crude oil slowed down,and operating rate of refineries declined slightly;average scale of oil refining units was increased continuously,upgrading of oil quality sped up。展开更多
A mature market system for the petroleum sector is badly needed in China.The system currently in place in the country still has plenty of aspects in which it can be improved, including： an Under-developed factor mark...A mature market system for the petroleum sector is badly needed in China.The system currently in place in the country still has plenty of aspects in which it can be improved, including： an Under-developed factor market, singular forms of product markets, and inadequate marketization of the management system and operational mechanism. How to tackle the three problems is the most urgent task that market construction for the petroleum sector in the country faces right now. This article proposes reform of the current system of awarding mining rights and calls for block auctions and mininy, right traasfers. It also suggests a relaxing of access into petroleum exploration and development, enhancing the petroleum financial derivatives market, improving petroleum investment and financing systems, establishing relatively independent service companies, strengthening the opening-up of the service sector toward foreign service companies,perfecting information management systems and providing information consultants, pushing forward the separation of the governmental administration from the enterprises,accelerating a supervision system, and fully utilizing market means, and methods to adjust the petroleum sector in the country.展开更多
Since the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,the Chinese government has issued a series of policies to support the development of the coalbed methane (CBM) (coalmine gas) industry.These policies concern prices,taxes,subsidies,re...Since the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,the Chinese government has issued a series of policies to support the development of the coalbed methane (CBM) (coalmine gas) industry.These policies concern prices,taxes,subsidies,resource management,and foreign cooperation,and the Chinese government strongly promoted the smooth start of China's CBM industry.It is difficult to develop CBM in China becauseof the low-output of single wells.Meanwhile,since CBM's sale price is also low,the benefits of development are poor.Coupled with the high cost of capital,poor foreign cooperation management and other adverse factors,the coalbed methane production targets in the two five-year plans have failed one after another.In order to solve the difficult problems restricting the development of the CBM industry and to accelerate its development,this paper interprets the current main policies and analyzes their implementation and outcomes.The results show that:China's CBM industry will issue policies to promote the 'three gas production' in coal measures and address the lag in the development of blocks for foreign cooperation,financial support will be taken for exploration and developmen t,further raising the sale price of CBM,and adjustment will be oriented towards making continued efforts to tackle key scientific and technological problems.展开更多
China natural gas industry is at a turning point. Growth of mid-long term natural gas consumption may maintain at about 10%, supply is sufficient or even "over-sufficient", natural gas price will be determin...China natural gas industry is at a turning point. Growth of mid-long term natural gas consumption may maintain at about 10%, supply is sufficient or even "over-sufficient", natural gas price will be determined by competition, oil and gas pipeline facilities will be opened fairly, and private enterprises will play important roles in natural gas exploration, development, storage, transportation, and trade. It can been foreseen that China natural gas industry is very likely to take a turn in next 10 years, and a modern natural gas market with consumption about 500 billion cubic meters will come into being characterized by complete supervision system, diversified market, steady supply, fairly opened pipelines, transparent trading mechanism, and competitive prices.展开更多
Accelerating the development of CBM and shale gas According to the Twelfth-Five-Year Plan of Development and Utilization of CBM （2011-2015）, China＇s CBM production will reach 30 billion cubic meters in 2015. To rea...Accelerating the development of CBM and shale gas According to the Twelfth-Five-Year Plan of Development and Utilization of CBM （2011-2015）, China＇s CBM production will reach 30 billion cubic meters in 2015. To realize the target, China unveiled a batch of polices to support the development of CBM.展开更多
基金supported by the Ordos administrative district, Ordos Basin shale gas resource potential investigation and evaluation program (grant No. 2013CGKY0893)funded by the Ordos city energy investment and development Co., LTDthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41872124)
文摘The Jurassic Yanan Formation is one of the most important coal-producing formations and hydrocarbon source rocks in the Ordos Basin, North China. To evaluate the shale gas potential of the Yanan shale, a total of 48 samples from north Ordos Basin were sampled, and their geochemical, petrological, mineralogical and pore characteristics were investigated. It was found that the shale samples are a suite of early mature source rock. The total organic carbon(TOC) content ranges from 0.33% to 24.12% and the hydrogen index(HI) ranges from 43.31 mg/g to 330.58 mg/g. The relationship between Tmax and HI indicates the organic matter is type Ⅱ-Ⅲ. This conclusion is also supported by the organic petrological examination results, which shows that the kerogen is mainly liptinite and vitrinite. Minerals in the samples are composed mainly of quartz, clay and feldspar, and the clay minerals are composed of prevailing kaolinite, illite/smectite, chlorite and a small amount of illite. Under scanning electron microscope, OM pores in the Yanan shale are scarce except pores come from the kerogen intrinsic texture or clay aggregates within the organic particles. As the weak compaction caused by shallow burial depth, interparticle pores and intraparticle pores are common, the hydrocarbon storage capacity of the Yanan shale was improved. According to evaluation, the Yanan shale is considered as a good shale gas reservoir, but its hydrocarbon potential is more dependent on biogenic and coal-derived gas as the thermogenic gas is limited by the lower thermal maturity.
文摘Chinese oil and gas sector development in2014Chinese economy grew 7.4 percent in 2014,entering the‘New Normal’growth phase China’s economy expanded steadily-but at a slower rate than recent decades-in 2014,with a relatively smooth growth in the first half of the year due to recovering exports but with increasing downward pressure brought on by overcapacity,in the energy sector and industry
文摘In 2018, the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Oil and Gas System was implemented, and supporting measures were introduced one after another to promote the further expansion of the oil and gas market. The promotion of the competitive transfer of mining rights has continued, and Xinjiang has for the first time sold the exploration rights of five oil and gas exploration blocks through listing. The supervision of the fair opening of oil and gas pipeline networks has been strengthened, and oil and gas infrastructure will be opened to third parties. Market access for oil sales has been further relaxed, and restrictions on more than 30 foreign-funded chain gas stations requiring Chinese ownership have been lifted.The management system of oil and gas import and export has been improved, and non-state-owned trading enterprises in the free trade zone have for the first time been granted the right to import crude oil. The pricing mechanism of natural gas has been further improved; the price management of residential gas has been changed from the highest gate station price management to reference gate station price management so as to realize the connection between residential gas and nonresidential gas reference price levels. The promotion of the successful listing of Shanghai crude oil futures will promote the formation of Asian pricing power for crude oil and enhance China's influence on pricing in the international oil market. In addition, the state has issued the Opinions on Promoting the Coordinated and Stable Development of Natural Gas, which is conducive to solving the problems of the incomplete natural gas production, supply, storage and marketing system, and unbalanced industrial development in China. Focusing on enhancing domestic oil and gas exploration and development,such fiscal and taxation support policies as shale gas tax cuts and the proposed extension of subsidy years have been introduced so as to slow down the excessive rise in oil and gas dependence on foreign countries, and enhance the ability to ensure national energy security.
文摘The reforms in oil and gas sector have been accelerated in 2015. The reform of mineral rights has begun and 6 oil and gas exploration zones in Xinjiang Autonomous Region have served as the tender pilots, breaking through the requirements on the resources varieties, exploration phase and enterprise qual!fication. The right of importing and using of the crude oil has been gradually relaxed and 13 local refineries have obtained the right to use imported crude oil of 55.1888 million tons per year. The natural gas price for non-residential use was unified and a universal price was set ~r the incremental supply and existing supply. Tire Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange （SHPGX） was established and laid foundation for the market mechanism to detervnine the price. The government governance has undergone continuous adjustments such as regulating the tax instead of charging the fees, streamlining administration and delegating power to tire lower levels.The Guidelines on Deepening tire Reform of State-owned Enterprises was released, symbolizing the accomplishment of the overall planning ~ the SOE reform.
文摘Over the past two decades, as the main battlefield of China's international energy cooperation, countries along the Belt and Road have had good foundations in the foreign investment. Through China's efforts to build the Belt and Road, energy cooperation has enjoyed first-mover advantages. Looking ahead, the countries along the Belt and Road are predicted to enjoy a promising future in energy cooperation because of their abundant energy resources, their role as complements to China's economic development, and their vast amounts of cooperation potential. At the same time, we are also keenly aware that there are a number of risks caused by geopolitics, policy changes, price fluctuations and legal compliance in energy cooperation among the countries along the Belt and Road. Moreover, it is urgent for Chinese enterprises to enhance their international capabilities. In this context, it is necessary to further maintain and make full use of their first-mover advantages and play a guiding and demonstrating role. Enterprises should actively adapt to new changes, while the government should make progress in policy coordination, facility connectivity, unimpeded trade, financed integration and people-to-people bonds, so as to keep deepening international energy cooperation and to build an energy silk road and a community with a shared future for energy.
文摘This paper reviews the history of cooperation in overseas oil and gas among Chinese oil companies and selects two indicators of production and initial planned investment to systematically review and analyze in depth the overseas cooperation process of Chinese oil companies.Based on the analysis of produced quantities (entitlement),it summarizes the current situation,scale and pattern of Chinese enterprises'overseas business. Based on the analysis of the initial planned investment,it summarizes the five stages in the development of overseas cooperation and the development characteristics of each stage.
文摘Policies of major resource countries are different from those of major consumption countries.Policies of the former aimed at activating the oil and gas industry,enhancing its competiveness and expanding markets.While the latter change their attitudes toward nuclear power.Europe and countries continue to cut the subsidies to renewable energy and keep a steady pace of pushing forward carbon tariff.
文摘Since Chinese government made oil opening decisions in March 1978,China’s oil and gas exploration and development has maintained steady growth and achieved a lot in foreign cooperation.In recent years,oil and gas output has been increased,the area of new projects has been expanded,international partners have been grown,competitiveness and management level of China’s
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative was proposed six years ago.Since then,significant achievements have been made through its implementation,but specific problems have also arisen.In the past,the focus of research was mainly on the macro and micro issues of the“going global”aspect of the Belt and Road Initiative.As“going global”and“bringing in”are two aspects of the initiative,China should not only go global but also continue to open up to the outside world.In particular.
文摘In 2013,oil and gas industry policies deepened,oil and gas pricing system improved,oil quality upgrading accelerated,the central government canceled approval examination and approval or delegated it to lower levels and a series of policies released such as supporting private capital entering the oil and gas industry and
文摘In 2014,President Xi Jinping put forward 5 requirements about promoting energy production and consumption revolution on the 6th conference of Central Financial and Economics Leading Group,i.e.promoting energy consumption revolution and inhibiting unreasonable energy consumption;promoting energy supply revolution and establishing diversified supply system;promoting energy technology revolution and driving industry upgrading;promoting energy system revolution and breaking through quick lane of
文摘Overview of development in China’s oil and gas industry in 2013China’s economy grew slowly but steadily,at an expected annual rate of 7.6%,and investment as a contribution towards economic growth increased In 2013,the economy of China entered a transition period of slow but steady growth,with the annual GDP growth expected to be 7.6%,after a down-and-up swing.Driven by policies ensuring steady growth,investment once again became the main driving force of economic growth.Investment for improving people’s
文摘The year 2013 witnessed a fragile recovery in the world economy as well as profound geopolitical adjustments.In general,the global oil and gas industry maintained development in a stable and healthy manner.The oil market was still loose but the oil price fluctuated at a high level.Gas supply and demand was generally balanced and gas-price gaps in the American,European and
文摘In 1993,in the context of China’s opening-up,reforms,and economic globalization,Chinese oil companies,such as China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC),started their international businesses under the guidance of the government’s key decision to fully utilize its resources both at home and abroad.After twenty years of rapid development,Chinese oil companies have become important players in the international oil and gas
文摘An earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 hit the east coast of Houshu Island,Japan,on March.11th,2011.It caused a severe tsunami,which induced leakage of nuclear power station and then further changed the energy mix in Japan.Many countries around the world started to reconsider the safety of nuclear power and possible changes in energy framework of the world could be expected in a foreseeable future.Damages and losses from Japan nuclear accident The earthquake and tsunami almost paralyzed Japan’s whole nuclear power sector.Power stations of other kinds of energy forms such as coal and oil were also suffered from great loss.However,most stations with gas as the fuel were
文摘Generally,oil refining industry maintained steady growth in China in 2013,oil refining capacity continued to grow rapidly,growth rate of processed crude oil slowed down,and operating rate of refineries declined slightly;average scale of oil refining units was increased continuously,upgrading of oil quality sped up。
文摘A mature market system for the petroleum sector is badly needed in China.The system currently in place in the country still has plenty of aspects in which it can be improved, including： an Under-developed factor market, singular forms of product markets, and inadequate marketization of the management system and operational mechanism. How to tackle the three problems is the most urgent task that market construction for the petroleum sector in the country faces right now. This article proposes reform of the current system of awarding mining rights and calls for block auctions and mininy, right traasfers. It also suggests a relaxing of access into petroleum exploration and development, enhancing the petroleum financial derivatives market, improving petroleum investment and financing systems, establishing relatively independent service companies, strengthening the opening-up of the service sector toward foreign service companies,perfecting information management systems and providing information consultants, pushing forward the separation of the governmental administration from the enterprises,accelerating a supervision system, and fully utilizing market means, and methods to adjust the petroleum sector in the country.
文摘Since the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,the Chinese government has issued a series of policies to support the development of the coalbed methane (CBM) (coalmine gas) industry.These policies concern prices,taxes,subsidies,resource management,and foreign cooperation,and the Chinese government strongly promoted the smooth start of China's CBM industry.It is difficult to develop CBM in China becauseof the low-output of single wells.Meanwhile,since CBM's sale price is also low,the benefits of development are poor.Coupled with the high cost of capital,poor foreign cooperation management and other adverse factors,the coalbed methane production targets in the two five-year plans have failed one after another.In order to solve the difficult problems restricting the development of the CBM industry and to accelerate its development,this paper interprets the current main policies and analyzes their implementation and outcomes.The results show that:China's CBM industry will issue policies to promote the 'three gas production' in coal measures and address the lag in the development of blocks for foreign cooperation,financial support will be taken for exploration and developmen t,further raising the sale price of CBM,and adjustment will be oriented towards making continued efforts to tackle key scientific and technological problems.
文摘China natural gas industry is at a turning point. Growth of mid-long term natural gas consumption may maintain at about 10%, supply is sufficient or even "over-sufficient", natural gas price will be determined by competition, oil and gas pipeline facilities will be opened fairly, and private enterprises will play important roles in natural gas exploration, development, storage, transportation, and trade. It can been foreseen that China natural gas industry is very likely to take a turn in next 10 years, and a modern natural gas market with consumption about 500 billion cubic meters will come into being characterized by complete supervision system, diversified market, steady supply, fairly opened pipelines, transparent trading mechanism, and competitive prices.
文摘Accelerating the development of CBM and shale gas According to the Twelfth-Five-Year Plan of Development and Utilization of CBM （2011-2015）, China＇s CBM production will reach 30 billion cubic meters in 2015. To realize the target, China unveiled a batch of polices to support the development of CBM.
