Polylepis(Queñua)is a dominant woody plant genus in Andean Puna forests that occurs in a wide range of montane habitats and is ecologically diverse in endemism,which may be particularly threatened by climate chan...Polylepis(Queñua)is a dominant woody plant genus in Andean Puna forests that occurs in a wide range of montane habitats and is ecologically diverse in endemism,which may be particularly threatened by climate change.Wood anatomical traits are essential for understanding how plants adjust their ecophysiological requirements and maximize their resilience,resistance,and recovery to extreme climates.Although the effects of extreme climatic conditions in high altitude ecosystems have been studied extensively,our knowledge is relatively limited to quantitative differences in the main xylem tissues.To address this gap,we assessed the acclimation of wood anatomical traits in six Peruvian Andean Polylepis species with different water availability(semi-dry with high moisture and semiarid with dry winters).We selected hydraulic diameter,vessel density,vessel grouping index,solitary vessel index,vulnerability index,mesomorphy index,vessel element length,fiber length,fiber wall thickness,fiber lumen diameter,and total fiber diameter that can provide relevant eco-wood anatomical acclimation to hydric stress.We performed multivariate analysis to determine the leading dimensions of covariation among Polylepis species and climatic factors.Specific wood anatomical traits(vessel grouping index,vulnerability index,and fiber wall thickness)were dissimilar between xeric-and mesic-Polyelpis species.This study demonstrates that wood anatomical traits in Peruvian Andean Polylepis species provides high-resolution and long-term eco-wood anatomical signals on how climate oscillations drive the acclimation processes of fiber and vessel traits.Our findings underscore the significance of xylem hydraulic adjustment to various hydrological environments in Andean puna forests.By evaluating the effects of drought on wood anatomical characteristics and ecological function,we demonstrate the capacity of tree species to adapt and endure climate-related changes,thereby emphasizing their resilience and adaptability.展开更多
Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. is a species from the Brazilian Cerrado that produces edible fruits and, in common with other species from the Byrsonima genus, has pharmacological potential. Previous attempts to propaga...Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. is a species from the Brazilian Cerrado that produces edible fruits and, in common with other species from the Byrsonima genus, has pharmacological potential. Previous attempts to propagate the species through conventional methods showed difficulties. Thus, the purpose of this work was to characterize pro-embryogenic masses of Byrsonima intermedia callus, aiming for their in vitro propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Leaf segments from in vitro germinated seedlings were employed as explants for callus production. The calli were then subcultured and exposed to dyes to fulfill their embryogenic potential. Digitalizations of the cytological preparations were made in order to measure the area that was stained by both Aceto-Carmine and Evans-Blue, using image tool software. Somatic embryos were induced after treatments with l-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）. The percentages of double-colored areas （by Aceto-Carmine and Evans-Blue） were calculated and the data were analyzed by using the Skott-Knott test （P ≤ 0.05） and, the embryogenic callus, as well as the formation of somatic embryos were analyzed by using the Krsuskal-Wallis rank test （P ≤0.05）. The results show that double coloration is effective at identifying cells showing embryogenic potential. Early callus subculture phases show a larger percentage ofembryogenic area （83%） Somatic embryos were induced by using high auxin level.展开更多
基金The authors are very grateful to park ranger the RPNYC,Eber Melgar Guerra Almerco for his support in sample collection and Cassiana Alves-Ferreira for his support in the Laboratorio de Anatomía e Identificación de Maderas,Universidad Continentalpartial funding provided by EJ Requena-Rojas and M Morales(047-2015-Fondecyt-DE and CONICET PIP 11220130100584 project)。
文摘Polylepis(Queñua)is a dominant woody plant genus in Andean Puna forests that occurs in a wide range of montane habitats and is ecologically diverse in endemism,which may be particularly threatened by climate change.Wood anatomical traits are essential for understanding how plants adjust their ecophysiological requirements and maximize their resilience,resistance,and recovery to extreme climates.Although the effects of extreme climatic conditions in high altitude ecosystems have been studied extensively,our knowledge is relatively limited to quantitative differences in the main xylem tissues.To address this gap,we assessed the acclimation of wood anatomical traits in six Peruvian Andean Polylepis species with different water availability(semi-dry with high moisture and semiarid with dry winters).We selected hydraulic diameter,vessel density,vessel grouping index,solitary vessel index,vulnerability index,mesomorphy index,vessel element length,fiber length,fiber wall thickness,fiber lumen diameter,and total fiber diameter that can provide relevant eco-wood anatomical acclimation to hydric stress.We performed multivariate analysis to determine the leading dimensions of covariation among Polylepis species and climatic factors.Specific wood anatomical traits(vessel grouping index,vulnerability index,and fiber wall thickness)were dissimilar between xeric-and mesic-Polyelpis species.This study demonstrates that wood anatomical traits in Peruvian Andean Polylepis species provides high-resolution and long-term eco-wood anatomical signals on how climate oscillations drive the acclimation processes of fiber and vessel traits.Our findings underscore the significance of xylem hydraulic adjustment to various hydrological environments in Andean puna forests.By evaluating the effects of drought on wood anatomical characteristics and ecological function,we demonstrate the capacity of tree species to adapt and endure climate-related changes,thereby emphasizing their resilience and adaptability.
文摘Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. is a species from the Brazilian Cerrado that produces edible fruits and, in common with other species from the Byrsonima genus, has pharmacological potential. Previous attempts to propagate the species through conventional methods showed difficulties. Thus, the purpose of this work was to characterize pro-embryogenic masses of Byrsonima intermedia callus, aiming for their in vitro propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Leaf segments from in vitro germinated seedlings were employed as explants for callus production. The calli were then subcultured and exposed to dyes to fulfill their embryogenic potential. Digitalizations of the cytological preparations were made in order to measure the area that was stained by both Aceto-Carmine and Evans-Blue, using image tool software. Somatic embryos were induced after treatments with l-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）. The percentages of double-colored areas （by Aceto-Carmine and Evans-Blue） were calculated and the data were analyzed by using the Skott-Knott test （P ≤ 0.05） and, the embryogenic callus, as well as the formation of somatic embryos were analyzed by using the Krsuskal-Wallis rank test （P ≤0.05）. The results show that double coloration is effective at identifying cells showing embryogenic potential. Early callus subculture phases show a larger percentage ofembryogenic area （83%） Somatic embryos were induced by using high auxin level.
