煤矿地表沉陷是矿区及周边地区遭遇的重大环境问题,本文回顾了煤矿开采导致地表沉陷的成因、生态环境影响及监测与防治技术。采煤产生的采空区和上覆岩层的失稳,造成地表沉降,进而引发裂缝、滑坡等地质灾害,并对土壤、地下水和生态系统...煤矿地表沉陷是矿区及周边地区遭遇的重大环境问题,本文回顾了煤矿开采导致地表沉陷的成因、生态环境影响及监测与防治技术。采煤产生的采空区和上覆岩层的失稳,造成地表沉降,进而引发裂缝、滑坡等地质灾害,并对土壤、地下水和生态系统产生长期负面影响。沉陷引起的水文变化和土壤损害,往往导致农田破坏、植被退化和水资源流失。在监测技术方面,现代遥感技术与地面监测手段的结合显著提高了沉陷监测的精度与时效性,为矿区沉陷的预警和防治提供了重要数据支持。防治策略包括强化沉陷预警系统、采用工程加固措施以及实施生态修复和土地恢复,以减少煤矿开采对环境的负面影响。未来研究应聚焦于如何平衡煤矿开采与生态环境保护,特别是在开采持续性与生态修复之间的协调,推动煤矿地区的可持续发展。Surface subsidence induced by underground coal mining is a major environmental issue in mining areas and their surrounding regions. This paper reviews the causes of surface subsidence due to coal mining, its ecological and environmental impacts, as well as monitoring and mitigation technologies. The creation of goafs and the instability of overlying strata resulting from coal extraction lead to surface subsidence, which can trigger geological hazards such as cracks and landslides, and cause long-term negative effects on soil, groundwater, and ecosystems. Hydrological changes and soil degradation caused by subsidence often result in the destruction of farmland, vegetation degradation, and water loss. In terms of monitoring technologies, the integration of modern remote sensing techniques with ground-based monitoring methods has significantly enhanced the precision and timeliness of subsidence monitoring, providing vital data support for early warning and mitigation of mining-induced subsidence. Mitigation strategies include strengthening early warning systems for subsidence, implementing engineering reinforcement measures, and carrying out ecological restoration and land reclamation to reduce the environmental impacts of coal mining. Future research should focus on balancing coal mining with ecological protection, especially in terms of coordinating mining sustainability with ecological restoration, to promote the sustainable development of mining regions.展开更多
有机磷农药(OPPs)已逐渐取代有机氯农药成为广泛应用的农药之一,其大量使用对环境构成威胁,了解环境领域中OPPs的研究动态与趋势,可为相关领域的科研工作和环境管理提供借鉴。运用文献计量学方法,对2000—2022年中国知网(CNKI)核心数据...有机磷农药(OPPs)已逐渐取代有机氯农药成为广泛应用的农药之一,其大量使用对环境构成威胁,了解环境领域中OPPs的研究动态与趋势,可为相关领域的科研工作和环境管理提供借鉴。运用文献计量学方法,对2000—2022年中国知网(CNKI)核心数据库和Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库收录的环境领域OPPs的相关文献进行了分析,系统梳理了该领域OPPs的研究现状,阐述了OPPs研究的发展态势及热点前沿,同时提出了未来重点研究方向。结果表明:2000—2022年,国内外关于环境领域OPPs的研究论文共3427篇,近10年来发文量呈显著上升趋势;环境领域OPPs的研究介质主要是水体和土壤,且对水体中OPPs的环境行为和特性探究更为深入;OPPs的检测手段以气相色谱法为主,毒死蜱[O,O-二乙基-O-(3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基)硫代磷酸酯]是OPPs研究中出现频率较高的目标污染物之一,且其在环境中的检出率较高;国内外关于OPPs在环境中的研究脉络基本相似,前期研究(2000—2010年)主要集中在环境中OPPs的萃取方法,中期研究(2011—2018年)主要集中在环境中OPPs的危害及对其的环境影响评价,近年来(2019—2022年)研究热点主要集中在OPPs的残留、环境检测以及高效去除等领域。未来建议加强OPPs降解产物的鉴定和环境毒性研究、OPPs复合暴露研究及环境修复研究,同时开发新型纳米材料和绿色农药替代方案等。展开更多
文摘煤矿地表沉陷是矿区及周边地区遭遇的重大环境问题,本文回顾了煤矿开采导致地表沉陷的成因、生态环境影响及监测与防治技术。采煤产生的采空区和上覆岩层的失稳,造成地表沉降,进而引发裂缝、滑坡等地质灾害,并对土壤、地下水和生态系统产生长期负面影响。沉陷引起的水文变化和土壤损害,往往导致农田破坏、植被退化和水资源流失。在监测技术方面,现代遥感技术与地面监测手段的结合显著提高了沉陷监测的精度与时效性,为矿区沉陷的预警和防治提供了重要数据支持。防治策略包括强化沉陷预警系统、采用工程加固措施以及实施生态修复和土地恢复,以减少煤矿开采对环境的负面影响。未来研究应聚焦于如何平衡煤矿开采与生态环境保护,特别是在开采持续性与生态修复之间的协调,推动煤矿地区的可持续发展。Surface subsidence induced by underground coal mining is a major environmental issue in mining areas and their surrounding regions. This paper reviews the causes of surface subsidence due to coal mining, its ecological and environmental impacts, as well as monitoring and mitigation technologies. The creation of goafs and the instability of overlying strata resulting from coal extraction lead to surface subsidence, which can trigger geological hazards such as cracks and landslides, and cause long-term negative effects on soil, groundwater, and ecosystems. Hydrological changes and soil degradation caused by subsidence often result in the destruction of farmland, vegetation degradation, and water loss. In terms of monitoring technologies, the integration of modern remote sensing techniques with ground-based monitoring methods has significantly enhanced the precision and timeliness of subsidence monitoring, providing vital data support for early warning and mitigation of mining-induced subsidence. Mitigation strategies include strengthening early warning systems for subsidence, implementing engineering reinforcement measures, and carrying out ecological restoration and land reclamation to reduce the environmental impacts of coal mining. Future research should focus on balancing coal mining with ecological protection, especially in terms of coordinating mining sustainability with ecological restoration, to promote the sustainable development of mining regions.
文摘有机磷农药(OPPs)已逐渐取代有机氯农药成为广泛应用的农药之一,其大量使用对环境构成威胁,了解环境领域中OPPs的研究动态与趋势,可为相关领域的科研工作和环境管理提供借鉴。运用文献计量学方法,对2000—2022年中国知网(CNKI)核心数据库和Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库收录的环境领域OPPs的相关文献进行了分析,系统梳理了该领域OPPs的研究现状,阐述了OPPs研究的发展态势及热点前沿,同时提出了未来重点研究方向。结果表明:2000—2022年,国内外关于环境领域OPPs的研究论文共3427篇,近10年来发文量呈显著上升趋势;环境领域OPPs的研究介质主要是水体和土壤,且对水体中OPPs的环境行为和特性探究更为深入;OPPs的检测手段以气相色谱法为主,毒死蜱[O,O-二乙基-O-(3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基)硫代磷酸酯]是OPPs研究中出现频率较高的目标污染物之一,且其在环境中的检出率较高;国内外关于OPPs在环境中的研究脉络基本相似,前期研究(2000—2010年)主要集中在环境中OPPs的萃取方法,中期研究(2011—2018年)主要集中在环境中OPPs的危害及对其的环境影响评价,近年来(2019—2022年)研究热点主要集中在OPPs的残留、环境检测以及高效去除等领域。未来建议加强OPPs降解产物的鉴定和环境毒性研究、OPPs复合暴露研究及环境修复研究,同时开发新型纳米材料和绿色农药替代方案等。
