The Tibetan antelope （Pantholops hodgsonii）, indigenous to China, became an endangered species because of considerable reduction both in number and distribution during the 20th century. Presently, it is listed as an...The Tibetan antelope （Pantholops hodgsonii）, indigenous to China, became an endangered species because of considerable reduction both in number and distribution during the 20th century. Presently, it is listed as an Appendix Ⅰ species by CITES and as Category I by the Key Protected Wildlife List of China. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of the Tibetan antelope is significant for the development of effective conservation plans that will ensure the recovery and future persistence of this species. Twenty-five microsatellites were selected to obtain loci with sufficient levels of polymorphism that can provide information for the analysis of population structure. Among the 25 loci that were examined, nine of them showed high levels of genetic diversity. The nine variable loci （MCM38, MNS64, IOBT395, MCMAL TGLA68, BM1329, BMSI341, BM3501, and MB066） were used to examine the genetic diversity of the Tibetan antelope （n = 75） in Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve（HXNNR）, Qinghai, China. The results obtained by estimating the number of population suggested that all the 75 Tibetan antelope samples were from the same population. The mean number of alleles per locus was 9.4 ± 0.5300 （range, 7-12） and the mean effective number of alleles was 6.519± 0.5271 （range, 4.676-9.169）. The observed mean and expected heterozygosity were 0.844 ± 0.0133 （range, 0.791-0.897） and 0.838 ± 0.0132 （range, 0.786-0.891）, respectively. Mean Polymorphism Information Content （PIC） was 0.818 ± 0.0158 （range, 0.753-0.881）. The value of Fixation index （Fis） ranged from -0.269 to -0.097 with the mean of -0.163 ± 0.0197. Mean Shannon＇s information index was 1.990 ± 0.0719 among nine loci （range, 1.660-2.315）. These results provide baseline data for the evaluation of the level of genetic variation in Tibetan antelope, which will be important for the development of conservation strategies in future.展开更多
旨在研究连花清瘟药渣和发酵产物的生物学活性,探明自然发酵、优化发酵1(4MYL)和优化发酵2(Y4ML)三种发酵方式对药渣中营养成分的改变以及乙醇提取物和水提取物抑菌效果及抗病毒效果的差异。采用肉汤稀释法测定药渣发酵前后不同提取物...旨在研究连花清瘟药渣和发酵产物的生物学活性,探明自然发酵、优化发酵1(4MYL)和优化发酵2(Y4ML)三种发酵方式对药渣中营养成分的改变以及乙醇提取物和水提取物抑菌效果及抗病毒效果的差异。采用肉汤稀释法测定药渣发酵前后不同提取物对猪副嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)、猪链球菌二型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)、肠毒性大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)3种致病菌菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);以伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)分别感染非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)、非洲绿猴胚胎肾细胞(MARC-145)、猪肾细胞(PK-15),通过荧光显微镜观察细胞形态病变,同时结合实时荧光定量PCR技术进行病毒核酸检测和定量作为药物体外抗病毒效果的评价指标。结果表明,连花清瘟原药渣的乙醇和水提取物对HPS和SS2均表现出抑制作用,但对ETEC无抑制作用;对3种试验病毒均表现出抗病毒活性,但抗病毒活性存在一定区别。发酵后乙醇和水提取物增强了抗菌抗病毒活性,同时对ETEC表现出抑制作用。综上表明,连花清瘟药渣提取物具有不同程度的抗菌、抗病毒作用,能有效抑制猪养殖过程中HPS、SS2等常见的致病菌和病毒,发酵后能增强抗菌和抗病毒效果,具有开发成动物饲料或饲料添加剂的潜力。展开更多
基金Conservation Technology for Endangered Wildlife Program, Social Service Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2001DIB100058)National Key Project of 10th Five-Year Plan (No. 2001BA510B10).
文摘The Tibetan antelope （Pantholops hodgsonii）, indigenous to China, became an endangered species because of considerable reduction both in number and distribution during the 20th century. Presently, it is listed as an Appendix Ⅰ species by CITES and as Category I by the Key Protected Wildlife List of China. Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of the Tibetan antelope is significant for the development of effective conservation plans that will ensure the recovery and future persistence of this species. Twenty-five microsatellites were selected to obtain loci with sufficient levels of polymorphism that can provide information for the analysis of population structure. Among the 25 loci that were examined, nine of them showed high levels of genetic diversity. The nine variable loci （MCM38, MNS64, IOBT395, MCMAL TGLA68, BM1329, BMSI341, BM3501, and MB066） were used to examine the genetic diversity of the Tibetan antelope （n = 75） in Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve（HXNNR）, Qinghai, China. The results obtained by estimating the number of population suggested that all the 75 Tibetan antelope samples were from the same population. The mean number of alleles per locus was 9.4 ± 0.5300 （range, 7-12） and the mean effective number of alleles was 6.519± 0.5271 （range, 4.676-9.169）. The observed mean and expected heterozygosity were 0.844 ± 0.0133 （range, 0.791-0.897） and 0.838 ± 0.0132 （range, 0.786-0.891）, respectively. Mean Polymorphism Information Content （PIC） was 0.818 ± 0.0158 （range, 0.753-0.881）. The value of Fixation index （Fis） ranged from -0.269 to -0.097 with the mean of -0.163 ± 0.0197. Mean Shannon＇s information index was 1.990 ± 0.0719 among nine loci （range, 1.660-2.315）. These results provide baseline data for the evaluation of the level of genetic variation in Tibetan antelope, which will be important for the development of conservation strategies in future.
文摘旨在研究连花清瘟药渣和发酵产物的生物学活性,探明自然发酵、优化发酵1(4MYL)和优化发酵2(Y4ML)三种发酵方式对药渣中营养成分的改变以及乙醇提取物和水提取物抑菌效果及抗病毒效果的差异。采用肉汤稀释法测定药渣发酵前后不同提取物对猪副嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)、猪链球菌二型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)、肠毒性大肠杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)3种致病菌菌株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);以伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)分别感染非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)、非洲绿猴胚胎肾细胞(MARC-145)、猪肾细胞(PK-15),通过荧光显微镜观察细胞形态病变,同时结合实时荧光定量PCR技术进行病毒核酸检测和定量作为药物体外抗病毒效果的评价指标。结果表明,连花清瘟原药渣的乙醇和水提取物对HPS和SS2均表现出抑制作用,但对ETEC无抑制作用;对3种试验病毒均表现出抗病毒活性,但抗病毒活性存在一定区别。发酵后乙醇和水提取物增强了抗菌抗病毒活性,同时对ETEC表现出抑制作用。综上表明,连花清瘟药渣提取物具有不同程度的抗菌、抗病毒作用,能有效抑制猪养殖过程中HPS、SS2等常见的致病菌和病毒,发酵后能增强抗菌和抗病毒效果,具有开发成动物饲料或饲料添加剂的潜力。
