[Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province.[Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King...[Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province.[Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King（Yunnan Hulled Wheat）were taken for the research on classification and genetic diversity analysis based on 14 agronomic traits.[Result] Yunnan hulled wheat A14 could be an unnamed white seed variety,and other 28 materials were divided into 10 named mutation types;Yunnan hulled wheat was rich in variability of agronomic traits,in which the coefficient of variance（CV）of sterile spikelet number was the largest（22.59%）,while the CV of earing period was the lowest（3.71%）;the diversity indexes of seven qualitative characters ranged from 1.55-2.04.Moreover,the 29 Yunnan hulled wheat could be divided into 3 clusters by the UPGMA analysis.However,Yunnan hulled wheat varieties originating from similar mutation types did not completely cluster together.The genetic relationship was relatively close among A13（YT-35）,A14（YT-36）and A21（YT-37）,but the faster genetic relationship was observed between them and other Yunnan hulled wheat varieties.[Conclusion] Yunnan hulled wheat had an extensive genetic diversity in agronomic traits.展开更多
Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from China are described in this paper. B. yunnanense sp. nov. has long-cylindrical trichogynes with long stalks and is diagnostic of section V...Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from China are described in this paper. B. yunnanense sp. nov. has long-cylindrical trichogynes with long stalks and is diagnostic of section Virescentia. Within this section, B. yunnanense is similar to B. helminthosum Bory emend. Sheath et al., but it is dioecious and has curved carpogonial branches, while the latter is monoecious and has straight carpogonial branches. It is also similar to B. transtaganum Reis, but it differs from the latter in long carpogonia, big carposporophytes and carposporangia. It is considered that B. nothocladoideum sp. nov. is assigned to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because its carpogonial branches are twisted and gonimoblast filaments are loosely agglomerated. This new species similar to B. iriomotense Kumano, but with short fascicles, long-ovoid or subpyriform cells, numerous terminal hairs, long-ellipsoid trichogynes, big carposporophytes and small carpo- sporangia. The plant is quite tough and cartilaginous and similar to Nothocladus in gross morphology, but its carposporophytes are compact instead of diffuse. This shows that it may be a transitional species between section Contorta and genus Nothocladus. So, B. transitorium sp. nov. should belong to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because of its curved or twisted carpogonial branches and loosely agglomerated gonimoblast filaments, with globose or subglobose cells in fascicles similar to B. spermatiophorum Vis et Sheath, but no colourless spermatiophores. In terms of small and numerous carposporophytes, B. transitorium sp. nov. is similar to some species of section Batrachospermum. However, their other features are unique, indicating its transitional nature between section Contorta and Batrachospermum.展开更多
Hedychenone (1), a diterpene containing a, B-unsaturated keto group, was reduced by aluminum-mercury alloy, and a dimerized product (2) was obtained as the major product. The coupling occurred at B position of the ket...Hedychenone (1), a diterpene containing a, B-unsaturated keto group, was reduced by aluminum-mercury alloy, and a dimerized product (2) was obtained as the major product. The coupling occurred at B position of the keto group.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were tr...[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were treated by fresh stems and leaves of E. adenophorum in translucent airtight container under high concentration （0.069 4 g/cm3 ）, middle concentration （0.023 1 g/cm3 ） and lower concentration （0. 007 7 g/cm3 ）, respectively. [ Result] Gaseous volatiles affected seed germination process; with the increasing processing concentration, the day on which seeds began to germinate and the day reaching germination peak were delayed, and the germination quantity on the day reaching germination peak was decreased ; the day on which the germination quantity began to significantly re- duce was delayed ; the process curve was developed from sudden increase and sudden decrease to gentle change, and nearly became a beeline at high concentration. The effects of gaseous volatiles on seed germination （ seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index） and seedling growth （fresh weight, dry weight, radicle length, hypceotyl length） of P. yunnanens/s were basically consistent, showing a regularity that high concentration had stronger inhibition effect and the inhibition effect became weaker with the decreasing concentration of E. adenophorum. E. adenophorum was widely distributed under P. yunnanens/s forests, and might affect natural regeneration and growth of P. yunnanens/s via allelopathy. [ Conclusion ] The paper provides reference for scientific management of P. yunnanens/s forests.展开更多
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the Chinese medicinal material(Asari Radix et Rhizoma)Xixin is derived from the species Asarum heterotropoides var.mandshuricum,A.sieboldii,and A.sieboldii var.seoulense.However,...According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the Chinese medicinal material(Asari Radix et Rhizoma)Xixin is derived from the species Asarum heterotropoides var.mandshuricum,A.sieboldii,and A.sieboldii var.seoulense.However,many species of the genus Asarum are labeled as"Xixin","Tu-Xixin",or"Nan-Xixin"for sale in producing areas.To distinguish Chinese Asarum species and to ensure their safety and efficacy,we examined the microscopic characteristics of subg.Asarum plants in China(including subg.Asarum plants in the classification system of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and the later published Asarum yunnanense)using a hand microtome and a microscopic digital imaging system based on our previous research.Microscopic features of the blades,petioles,and roots of A.yunnanense were investigated for the first time.Moreover,we compared nine species and one variety of the subg.Asarum(i.e.,A.yunnanense,A.caudigerellum,A.himalaicum,A.pulchellum,A.debile,A.caulescens,A.renicordatum,A.caudigerum,A.caudigerum var.cardiophyllum and A.geophilum)in China based on microscopic characteristics of the blades.Several parameters,such as morphological characteristics and distribution of hairs on both upper and lower leaf epidermises;morphological characteristics of hair cells;anticlinal walls of lower epidermal cells;size relationship between outer periclinal walls and cavity outlines of oil cells on lower leaf epidermis;presence or absence of the irregular cells containing red to brown substances among mesophyll cells;and the diameter of the largest vessels in midribs of the blades,were used for discrimination among species.To the best of our knowledge,we provided the first identification key for the 10 taxa based on blade microscopic characteristics that could be used to distinguish these taxa.Based on the key,23 commercial samples collected from seven provinces of China were authenticated as whole dried herbs of A.himalaicum,A.caudigerellum,A.caudigerum,A.pulchellum and A.caulescens.These findings indicated that microscopic approach and related techniques were convenient and feasible and could be used for the authentication of crude drugs from Chinese subg.Asarum species.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Programs of Yunnan Province(2008CD010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30760119)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology of Wheat UQECProgram(2010BB005)~~
文摘[Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province.[Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King（Yunnan Hulled Wheat）were taken for the research on classification and genetic diversity analysis based on 14 agronomic traits.[Result] Yunnan hulled wheat A14 could be an unnamed white seed variety,and other 28 materials were divided into 10 named mutation types;Yunnan hulled wheat was rich in variability of agronomic traits,in which the coefficient of variance（CV）of sterile spikelet number was the largest（22.59%）,while the CV of earing period was the lowest（3.71%）;the diversity indexes of seven qualitative characters ranged from 1.55-2.04.Moreover,the 29 Yunnan hulled wheat could be divided into 3 clusters by the UPGMA analysis.However,Yunnan hulled wheat varieties originating from similar mutation types did not completely cluster together.The genetic relationship was relatively close among A13（YT-35）,A14（YT-36）and A21（YT-37）,but the faster genetic relationship was observed between them and other Yunnan hulled wheat varieties.[Conclusion] Yunnan hulled wheat had an extensive genetic diversity in agronomic traits.
基金Project No. 30270119 and 39899400 supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China.
文摘Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) from China are described in this paper. B. yunnanense sp. nov. has long-cylindrical trichogynes with long stalks and is diagnostic of section Virescentia. Within this section, B. yunnanense is similar to B. helminthosum Bory emend. Sheath et al., but it is dioecious and has curved carpogonial branches, while the latter is monoecious and has straight carpogonial branches. It is also similar to B. transtaganum Reis, but it differs from the latter in long carpogonia, big carposporophytes and carposporangia. It is considered that B. nothocladoideum sp. nov. is assigned to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because its carpogonial branches are twisted and gonimoblast filaments are loosely agglomerated. This new species similar to B. iriomotense Kumano, but with short fascicles, long-ovoid or subpyriform cells, numerous terminal hairs, long-ellipsoid trichogynes, big carposporophytes and small carpo- sporangia. The plant is quite tough and cartilaginous and similar to Nothocladus in gross morphology, but its carposporophytes are compact instead of diffuse. This shows that it may be a transitional species between section Contorta and genus Nothocladus. So, B. transitorium sp. nov. should belong to section Contorta, subsection Kushiroense, because of its curved or twisted carpogonial branches and loosely agglomerated gonimoblast filaments, with globose or subglobose cells in fascicles similar to B. spermatiophorum Vis et Sheath, but no colourless spermatiophores. In terms of small and numerous carposporophytes, B. transitorium sp. nov. is similar to some species of section Batrachospermum. However, their other features are unique, indicating its transitional nature between section Contorta and Batrachospermum.
文摘Hedychenone (1), a diterpene containing a, B-unsaturated keto group, was reduced by aluminum-mercury alloy, and a dimerized product (2) was obtained as the major product. The coupling occurred at B position of the keto group.
基金Supported by Provincial Level Key Constructive Disciplines of Yunnan Province"Silviculture Fund"(xkz200906)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to understand allelopathy of gaseous volatiles of Eupatorium adenophorum stems and leaves on seed germination and seedling growth of P/nus yunnanens/s. [ Method] P. yunnanens/s seeds were treated by fresh stems and leaves of E. adenophorum in translucent airtight container under high concentration （0.069 4 g/cm3 ）, middle concentration （0.023 1 g/cm3 ） and lower concentration （0. 007 7 g/cm3 ）, respectively. [ Result] Gaseous volatiles affected seed germination process; with the increasing processing concentration, the day on which seeds began to germinate and the day reaching germination peak were delayed, and the germination quantity on the day reaching germination peak was decreased ; the day on which the germination quantity began to significantly re- duce was delayed ; the process curve was developed from sudden increase and sudden decrease to gentle change, and nearly became a beeline at high concentration. The effects of gaseous volatiles on seed germination （ seed germination rate, germination potential, germination index） and seedling growth （fresh weight, dry weight, radicle length, hypceotyl length） of P. yunnanens/s were basically consistent, showing a regularity that high concentration had stronger inhibition effect and the inhibition effect became weaker with the decreasing concentration of E. adenophorum. E. adenophorum was widely distributed under P. yunnanens/s forests, and might affect natural regeneration and growth of P. yunnanens/s via allelopathy. [ Conclusion ] The paper provides reference for scientific management of P. yunnanens/s forests.
文摘According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the Chinese medicinal material(Asari Radix et Rhizoma)Xixin is derived from the species Asarum heterotropoides var.mandshuricum,A.sieboldii,and A.sieboldii var.seoulense.However,many species of the genus Asarum are labeled as"Xixin","Tu-Xixin",or"Nan-Xixin"for sale in producing areas.To distinguish Chinese Asarum species and to ensure their safety and efficacy,we examined the microscopic characteristics of subg.Asarum plants in China(including subg.Asarum plants in the classification system of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and the later published Asarum yunnanense)using a hand microtome and a microscopic digital imaging system based on our previous research.Microscopic features of the blades,petioles,and roots of A.yunnanense were investigated for the first time.Moreover,we compared nine species and one variety of the subg.Asarum(i.e.,A.yunnanense,A.caudigerellum,A.himalaicum,A.pulchellum,A.debile,A.caulescens,A.renicordatum,A.caudigerum,A.caudigerum var.cardiophyllum and A.geophilum)in China based on microscopic characteristics of the blades.Several parameters,such as morphological characteristics and distribution of hairs on both upper and lower leaf epidermises;morphological characteristics of hair cells;anticlinal walls of lower epidermal cells;size relationship between outer periclinal walls and cavity outlines of oil cells on lower leaf epidermis;presence or absence of the irregular cells containing red to brown substances among mesophyll cells;and the diameter of the largest vessels in midribs of the blades,were used for discrimination among species.To the best of our knowledge,we provided the first identification key for the 10 taxa based on blade microscopic characteristics that could be used to distinguish these taxa.Based on the key,23 commercial samples collected from seven provinces of China were authenticated as whole dried herbs of A.himalaicum,A.caudigerellum,A.caudigerum,A.pulchellum and A.caulescens.These findings indicated that microscopic approach and related techniques were convenient and feasible and could be used for the authentication of crude drugs from Chinese subg.Asarum species.
