Traditionally, Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum and Parapteropyrum are included in the tribe Atraphxideae. Recently, sequence data has revealed that this tribe is not monophyletic. The structure of the tribe was exa...Traditionally, Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum and Parapteropyrum are included in the tribe Atraphxideae. Recently, sequence data has revealed that this tribe is not monophyletic. The structure of the tribe was examined by adding more taxa and sequences to clarify the congruence between morphology and molecular phylogeny, the systematic placements of four genera in Polygonaceae, as well as the infra-generic relationships of Atraphaxis and Calligonum within Atraphaxideae. Five chloroplast genes, atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, trnL-tmF, psbK-psbl, and rbcL of Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum, and Parapteropyrum were sequenced. The non-monophyly of Atraphaxideae was confirmed. Atraphaxis and Calligonum, respectively, formed a monophyletic group that was well supported. Calligonum is closely related to Pteropyrum; Atraphaxis is sister to Polygonum s. str. and Parapteropyrum is allied with Fagopyrum. Although the morphology suggested the four genera should form a tribe, the molecular data indicated Atraphaxideae was not one monophyletic group. The clades identified within Atraphaxis corresponded well with the current sectional classification based on morphological features. As for Cal- ligonum, Medusa was identified as a non-monophyletic section.展开更多
Malnutrition results from insufficient intakes of food including micronutrients such as vitamin A,iron,iodine, zinc,and folic acid.This paper reported the results from a study of dietary intakes of Karen hill tribe ch...Malnutrition results from insufficient intakes of food including micronutrients such as vitamin A,iron,iodine, zinc,and folic acid.This paper reported the results from a study of dietary intakes of Karen hill tribe children aged 1-6 years in the north of Thailand.All children aged 1-6 years(n=158;83 boys,75 girls)from the three Karen villages(Mae Hae Tai,Mae Yot,Mae Raek) of Mae Chaem district in the north of Thailand were studied.All children were examined by a qualified medical doctor and were assessed for their nutrient intakes using 24 hours dietary recall.All families had income lower than the Thailand poverty line(US $1000/ year).For children aged 1-3 years,the nutrients generally consumed were much less than the Thai RDA. Compared with the Thai RDA,all children consumed much less energy(28%-40.5%RDA)than protein (55.8%-96.1%RDA).Interestingly,all boys and only girls from Mae Raek village consumed vitamin A more than the Thai RDA but girls from Mae Hae Tai village and Mae Yot village consumed vitamin A less than the Thai RDA.For children aged 4-6 years,boys from Mae Raek village consumed protein(128.4%RDA) and vitamin C(143.1%RDA)above the Thai RDA.Girls from Mae Yot village also consumed vitamin C (132.9%RDA)above the Thai RDA.Both boys and girls from Mae Raek village and also girls from Mae Yot village consumed vitamin A more than the Thai RDA.Other nutrients were consumed much less than the Thai RDA by all children.All children consumed protein more than 10%of the total energy consumption per day. Most of the energy consumed by children came from carbohydrate.Nearly all children consumed carbohydrate more than 50%of the total energy consumption per day except boys aged 1-3 years from Mae Raek village (consumed 45%).All children from Mae Hae Tai village and boys aged 4-6 years from Mae Yot village(consumed 27%)consumed fat less than 30%of the total energy consumption per day.It appeared that the priority recommendations for improving nutrition in Karen villages in Mae Chaem would be increase energy consumption such as fat and oil.More general work is needed on how children’s diets might be improved in a culturally acceptable manner,so as to bring consumption patterns closer to recommended allowance levels.展开更多
The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State, India. The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of...The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State, India. The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of years. They migrate each year with their households and livestock between summer and winter pastures. A few years ago with the announcement of the establish- ment of the Rajaji National Park, the tribe has been forced out of the forest area and rehabilitated outside the park, which has affected their lifestyle. The newly established rehabilitation colony in the Gandikhata area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand State was taken as a case study. The aims of the present study were to understand and evaluate the socio-economic status of the Van Gujjars in their newly established rehabilitation colony, the utilization pattern of forest resources by the tribe and their relative preference for selec- tive trees for various uses. A total of 176 households were interviewed （giving equal weight to all economic classes and family every size） by using pre-structured questionnaires. The education level was very low （12.9%） and the average income per household was recorded as Rs. 36000 （approximately $ 803） per year. The major source of income was dairy production （80.6%） followed by labor employment （13.9%）, NTFPs （4.2%） and agricultural production （1.4%）. More than 90% of fuel wood and fodder is extracted from the forest. The average fuel wood and fodder consumptions per household per day were recorded as 25.86 and 21.58 kg, respectively. A total of 35 species of cultivated plants and 89 species of wild plants were found to be utilized as food sources. Selectively 25 wild tree species are well known as being used by the Van Gujjars as fodder, fuel wood, agricultural implements, household articles, dye, medicine, fiber and other products. According to their utility value, the most preferred and useful tree species is Ougeinia oojeinensis, followed by Terminalia alata, Bombax ceiba, Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sissoo,展开更多
The tribal people depend on forests for their livelihood and most of the rural people still depend on traditional medicine as a primary healthcare source. The paper highlights the rich plant resources and the vast wea...The tribal people depend on forests for their livelihood and most of the rural people still depend on traditional medicine as a primary healthcare source. The paper highlights the rich plant resources and the vast wealth of ethnobotanical information available with the various tribes of the region. In this paper, some new and less known ethno medicinal uses of 104 plants of tribes of Dantewada, Dakshin Bastar C.G. in different ailments have been reported. The main objective of present work is to give the information and documentation of medicinal plant used by tribal of the study sites. The ethnomedicinal information was gathered from interviews with living elders belonging to Madiya, Muriya, Gond and Bhatra tribes of the study area. The present work on ethnomedicinal plants, used in the healthcare systems of tribes in 15 villages, was carried out from Geedam block of Dantewada, Dakshin Bastar C.G.展开更多
Traditional knowledge of plants and their properties always has been transmitted from generation to generation through the natural path of everyday life. Food habits of the indigenous population across the globe are v...Traditional knowledge of plants and their properties always has been transmitted from generation to generation through the natural path of everyday life. Food habits of the indigenous population across the globe are very abnormal when compared to that of civilized people. The forest related tribal scientific studies of edible wild plants are extremely constructive to know the nutritional values of the forest indigenous foods and help to eliminate the malnutrition problems in vulnerable group. The existing study was undertaken with an intention and documented 34 exceptional plant species belonging to 15 families with their medicinal values, taxonomical names and nutritional profile. Among the 34 indigenous plant foods, the frequently available and consumed plant foods by particularly vulnerable tribal group Chenchu tribes were selected for nutritional investigation including proximate composition, mineral and vitamin analysis. Results show that the nutritional values of the edible indigenous plant foods are prominent compared to frequently consumed foods available in market. The present study observed that the conventional and nutritional information on wild plant foods is on sharp decline. Unless efforts are made to educate the present generations about the importance of these foods, which may be lost in near future. These studies could contribute significantly to Government policies to improve food security and helps to progress health and nutritional status in marginally deprived tribal communities in India, and in the enhancement of wild vegetable status, whose potential as sources of nutrition is currently undervalued.展开更多
This research is conducted with the aim of investigating the culture of Lisu ethnic tribe in Myanmar, the area of study which has been unexplored. This research paper deals with good historical evidence of Lisu ethnic...This research is conducted with the aim of investigating the culture of Lisu ethnic tribe in Myanmar, the area of study which has been unexplored. This research paper deals with good historical evidence of Lisu ethnic group in the circle of Lolo Ethnic group during the 9th century A.D. They lived in their own states in the regions such as Bhamo, Putao and Loilin. Therefore, the tribes are named after their respective regions, such as Bhamo Lisu and Loilin Lisu. They were in the north, holding strong power in Yunnan Province called Nan-Chao. Their prestige remained for as long as their traditions, their own religion and their dressing （costume） and the way they earn their living, culture and literature aspiring national faith of Lisu.展开更多
The purpose of this study was aimed to analyze the effect of indigenous people’s perceived impact of tourism development on tribal quality of life and the support attitude toward tourism development. The research sub...The purpose of this study was aimed to analyze the effect of indigenous people’s perceived impact of tourism development on tribal quality of life and the support attitude toward tourism development. The research subjects were indigenous people who were at least 20 years old and came from one of eight Alishan tribes in Taiwan. This study conducted an investigation by random sampling, a total of 850 questionnaires were distributed and obtained 827 valid questionnaires. The valid return rate was 97.29%. Statistical analysis was performed on the valid questionnaires using descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS). According to the analytical result, Alishan indigenous people feel the negative environmental impact brought by tourism is the highest, but in terms of quality of life, they also maintain of nature and culture. When the positive economic, environmental, and sociocultural impact of tourism is higher, tribal quality of life and indigenous people’s support attitude toward tourism development will be more significant;however, when the negative economic, environmental, and sociocultural tourism impact is higher, tribal quality of life will be lower and indigenous people will tend to resist tourism development. Quality of life was found to be a moderator between tourism impact and support attitude toward development. This study proposed suggestions for indigenous tribes and the government to develop the tourism sector and introduced specific research directions for future tribal tourism researchers.展开更多
In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. T...In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. They adopted the various elements to enrich their building＇s facade in order to look different. On the other hand, the traditional architecture expressed the tribe civilization by placing their proud artifacts into the building＇s facade. The purpose of this study is to find a new theory of architecture during their process of becoming of the architecture＇s form. The study applied a phenomenological investigation method of several highrise building＇s facade at Jakarta and several districts of Singapore, Brisbane and Melbourne. The study result is a new theory named ＂the fashion-architecture＂ is a building composed by adopting the cross-pollination of design method. To enrich the building＇s facade, architect adopted anything including the fashion＇s design elements： accessories, millineries, and cosmetics also reflected by the traditional architecture. Their fashion-architecture works are reflecting the tribe civilization into a contemporary architecture design.展开更多
In this paper,the distribution status of genera and species of the tribe Balptini discovered in China was summarized.According to related data,19 genera and 169 species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in various...In this paper,the distribution status of genera and species of the tribe Balptini discovered in China was summarized.According to related data,19 genera and 169 species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in various provinces and regions of China.Different genera and species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in different regions.This study laid the theoretical foundation for further investigation of the evolutionary process of tribe Blaptini in China.展开更多
This paper discusses the relations between mass media and urban tribes, by Stafford Beer＇s viable system model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, the influence of media and advertising over individual decision-making process...This paper discusses the relations between mass media and urban tribes, by Stafford Beer＇s viable system model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, the influence of media and advertising over individual decision-making processes has deepened of age range to which have targeted advertising and expanded for Western world, leading the culture diversity, naturally given, toward only one standardized culture prevailing nowadays. In the 1960s they were the women, then the young people during 1970s, and then children in the 1980s and during the 1990s over early childhood, when we learnt to speak （3 years old）, achieving brand loyalty among very young children and the brands of products for this age group. From this perspective, urban tribes have taken control of the lives of young people, offering a false freedom, at the moment of choosing ＂How to be yourself＂ from options given in the market as a ＂catalogue of predesigned identities＂. A phenomenon is so complex, so it requires a holistic framework able to make explicit its components and relations between them and the relationship with internal and external environment. In particular, the VSM provides a way to analyze communication＇s problems thus clarifying： how, when and where, repair and controlling into the organization, identifying strategies to improve decision-making. Given the recursive nature of the VSM, it is possible to navigate within the phenomenon, through different recursions＇ levels. It will help to define more assertive and effective policies by health authorities, education and government in general, and also help someone among young people to see themselves inside of a dynamic consumption and thus can leave the domain and enter into a recta-domain, with more wisdom and consciousness.展开更多
Why do I refer to Tsosisumkyi village as a"tribe"?The simple reason is that this rural community did not go through any democratic reform while Tibet experienced its transition from a feudal serfdom to socia...Why do I refer to Tsosisumkyi village as a"tribe"?The simple reason is that this rural community did not go through any democratic reform while Tibet experienced its transition from a feudal serfdom to socialism.How is Tsosisumkyi today?Is there any kind of chieftain in control of this"tribe"?展开更多
Introduction:The collodiaphyseal angle(CDA)is an angle formed between the femoral neck and femoral shaft axes.It is a vital determinant of femoral neck fracture as narrower angle is often used as a predictor of stress...Introduction:The collodiaphyseal angle(CDA)is an angle formed between the femoral neck and femoral shaft axes.It is a vital determinant of femoral neck fracture as narrower angle is often used as a predictor of stress fracture.It is also important in orthopedic treatment planning,especially hip replacement surgery.Aim:This study was carried out to evaluate the CDA values among the Bini tribe and elucidate its significance.Methodology:This study employed 200 anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of the Bini tribe(100 males and 100 females)aged between 25 and 55 years obtained from selected radiological diagnostic centers in Benin City,Nigeria,after obtaining the Institutional Ethical Approval.They were used to evaluate the right and left CDA as an angle formed by intersection of the femoral neck and shaft axes and measured using the goniometer.Data were statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS(version 20)with the mean,standard deviation,and range evaluated,and side and gender comparisons were done using t-test,and P<0.05 was set as statistically significant level.Results:The average CDA was 135.56°±5.75°and 131.67°±6.15°in males and females,respectively.This angle showed significant gender differences bilaterally(P<0.05).However,the bilateral differences in the CDA were not statistically significant among either male or female Binis(P>0.05).Conclusion:The CDA can be employed as a morphometric indicator of sexual differences and for other clinical applications.展开更多
Plant genome sequencing has dramatically increased,and some species even have multiple high-quality reference versions.Demands for clade-specific homology inference and analysis have increased in the pangenomic era.He...Plant genome sequencing has dramatically increased,and some species even have multiple high-quality reference versions.Demands for clade-specific homology inference and analysis have increased in the pangenomic era.Here we present a novel method,GeneTribe(https://chenym1.github.io/genetribe/),for homology inference among genetically similar genomes that incorporates gene collinearity and shows bet-ter performance than traditional sequence-similarity-based methods in terms of accuracy and scalability.The Triticeae tribe is a typical allopolyploid-rich clade with complex species relationships that includes many important crops,such as wheat,barley,and rye.We built Triticeae-GeneTribe(http://wheat.cau.edu.cn/TGT/),a homology database,by integrating 12 Triticeae genomes and 3 outgroup model genomes and implemented versatile analysis and visualization functions.With macrocollinearity analysis,we were able to construct a refined model illustrating the structural rearrangements of the 4A-5A-7B chromosomes in wheat as two major translocation events.With collinearity analysis at both the macro-and microscale,we illustrated the complex evolutionary history of homologs of the wheat vernalization gene Vm2,which evolved as a combined result of genome translocation,duplication,and polyploidization and gene loss events.Our work provides a useful practice for connecting emerging genome assemblies,with awareness of the extensive polyploidy in plants,and will help researchers efficiently exploit genome sequence re-sources.展开更多
The tribe Chelidonieae comprises 23 species of eight genera with an extensive distribution and a long medicinal usage history both in China and Western countries. A large number of chemical constituents have been isol...The tribe Chelidonieae comprises 23 species of eight genera with an extensive distribution and a long medicinal usage history both in China and Western countries. A large number of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the species in tribe Chelidonieae, such as alkaloids, organic acids, and their derivatives, aromatics, triterpenoids, sterols, essential oils, and proteins, most of which possess a variety of bioactivities, especially for the antibacterial, anti-inflammation, antitumor, analgesia, anti-oxidation, and antiparasitic activity. Meanwhile, potential toxicities have been discovered in some constituents. Therefore, the species in tribe Chelidonieae have become a rich source for new drug discovery, biologic study, and mechanism research. This paper presents comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological research on the plants in tribe Chelidoieae, which is a reference for the plants in this tribe for further development.展开更多
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Important Direction for Knowledge Innovation Project (KZCX2-EW-305),Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Traditionally, Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum and Parapteropyrum are included in the tribe Atraphxideae. Recently, sequence data has revealed that this tribe is not monophyletic. The structure of the tribe was examined by adding more taxa and sequences to clarify the congruence between morphology and molecular phylogeny, the systematic placements of four genera in Polygonaceae, as well as the infra-generic relationships of Atraphaxis and Calligonum within Atraphaxideae. Five chloroplast genes, atpB-rbcL, psbA-trnH, trnL-tmF, psbK-psbl, and rbcL of Atraphaxis, Calligonum, Pteropyrum, and Parapteropyrum were sequenced. The non-monophyly of Atraphaxideae was confirmed. Atraphaxis and Calligonum, respectively, formed a monophyletic group that was well supported. Calligonum is closely related to Pteropyrum; Atraphaxis is sister to Polygonum s. str. and Parapteropyrum is allied with Fagopyrum. Although the morphology suggested the four genera should form a tribe, the molecular data indicated Atraphaxideae was not one monophyletic group. The clades identified within Atraphaxis corresponded well with the current sectional classification based on morphological features. As for Cal- ligonum, Medusa was identified as a non-monophyletic section.
基金funded by the International Development Research Centre(IDRC),Canada,via the Ecosystem Approach to Human Health Program Initiative
文摘Malnutrition results from insufficient intakes of food including micronutrients such as vitamin A,iron,iodine, zinc,and folic acid.This paper reported the results from a study of dietary intakes of Karen hill tribe children aged 1-6 years in the north of Thailand.All children aged 1-6 years(n=158;83 boys,75 girls)from the three Karen villages(Mae Hae Tai,Mae Yot,Mae Raek) of Mae Chaem district in the north of Thailand were studied.All children were examined by a qualified medical doctor and were assessed for their nutrient intakes using 24 hours dietary recall.All families had income lower than the Thailand poverty line(US $1000/ year).For children aged 1-3 years,the nutrients generally consumed were much less than the Thai RDA. Compared with the Thai RDA,all children consumed much less energy(28%-40.5%RDA)than protein (55.8%-96.1%RDA).Interestingly,all boys and only girls from Mae Raek village consumed vitamin A more than the Thai RDA but girls from Mae Hae Tai village and Mae Yot village consumed vitamin A less than the Thai RDA.For children aged 4-6 years,boys from Mae Raek village consumed protein(128.4%RDA) and vitamin C(143.1%RDA)above the Thai RDA.Girls from Mae Yot village also consumed vitamin C (132.9%RDA)above the Thai RDA.Both boys and girls from Mae Raek village and also girls from Mae Yot village consumed vitamin A more than the Thai RDA.Other nutrients were consumed much less than the Thai RDA by all children.All children consumed protein more than 10%of the total energy consumption per day. Most of the energy consumed by children came from carbohydrate.Nearly all children consumed carbohydrate more than 50%of the total energy consumption per day except boys aged 1-3 years from Mae Raek village (consumed 45%).All children from Mae Hae Tai village and boys aged 4-6 years from Mae Yot village(consumed 27%)consumed fat less than 30%of the total energy consumption per day.It appeared that the priority recommendations for improving nutrition in Karen villages in Mae Chaem would be increase energy consumption such as fat and oil.More general work is needed on how children’s diets might be improved in a culturally acceptable manner,so as to bring consumption patterns closer to recommended allowance levels.
文摘The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State, India. The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of years. They migrate each year with their households and livestock between summer and winter pastures. A few years ago with the announcement of the establish- ment of the Rajaji National Park, the tribe has been forced out of the forest area and rehabilitated outside the park, which has affected their lifestyle. The newly established rehabilitation colony in the Gandikhata area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand State was taken as a case study. The aims of the present study were to understand and evaluate the socio-economic status of the Van Gujjars in their newly established rehabilitation colony, the utilization pattern of forest resources by the tribe and their relative preference for selec- tive trees for various uses. A total of 176 households were interviewed （giving equal weight to all economic classes and family every size） by using pre-structured questionnaires. The education level was very low （12.9%） and the average income per household was recorded as Rs. 36000 （approximately $ 803） per year. The major source of income was dairy production （80.6%） followed by labor employment （13.9%）, NTFPs （4.2%） and agricultural production （1.4%）. More than 90% of fuel wood and fodder is extracted from the forest. The average fuel wood and fodder consumptions per household per day were recorded as 25.86 and 21.58 kg, respectively. A total of 35 species of cultivated plants and 89 species of wild plants were found to be utilized as food sources. Selectively 25 wild tree species are well known as being used by the Van Gujjars as fodder, fuel wood, agricultural implements, household articles, dye, medicine, fiber and other products. According to their utility value, the most preferred and useful tree species is Ougeinia oojeinensis, followed by Terminalia alata, Bombax ceiba, Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sissoo,
文摘The tribal people depend on forests for their livelihood and most of the rural people still depend on traditional medicine as a primary healthcare source. The paper highlights the rich plant resources and the vast wealth of ethnobotanical information available with the various tribes of the region. In this paper, some new and less known ethno medicinal uses of 104 plants of tribes of Dantewada, Dakshin Bastar C.G. in different ailments have been reported. The main objective of present work is to give the information and documentation of medicinal plant used by tribal of the study sites. The ethnomedicinal information was gathered from interviews with living elders belonging to Madiya, Muriya, Gond and Bhatra tribes of the study area. The present work on ethnomedicinal plants, used in the healthcare systems of tribes in 15 villages, was carried out from Geedam block of Dantewada, Dakshin Bastar C.G.
文摘Traditional knowledge of plants and their properties always has been transmitted from generation to generation through the natural path of everyday life. Food habits of the indigenous population across the globe are very abnormal when compared to that of civilized people. The forest related tribal scientific studies of edible wild plants are extremely constructive to know the nutritional values of the forest indigenous foods and help to eliminate the malnutrition problems in vulnerable group. The existing study was undertaken with an intention and documented 34 exceptional plant species belonging to 15 families with their medicinal values, taxonomical names and nutritional profile. Among the 34 indigenous plant foods, the frequently available and consumed plant foods by particularly vulnerable tribal group Chenchu tribes were selected for nutritional investigation including proximate composition, mineral and vitamin analysis. Results show that the nutritional values of the edible indigenous plant foods are prominent compared to frequently consumed foods available in market. The present study observed that the conventional and nutritional information on wild plant foods is on sharp decline. Unless efforts are made to educate the present generations about the importance of these foods, which may be lost in near future. These studies could contribute significantly to Government policies to improve food security and helps to progress health and nutritional status in marginally deprived tribal communities in India, and in the enhancement of wild vegetable status, whose potential as sources of nutrition is currently undervalued.
文摘This research is conducted with the aim of investigating the culture of Lisu ethnic tribe in Myanmar, the area of study which has been unexplored. This research paper deals with good historical evidence of Lisu ethnic group in the circle of Lolo Ethnic group during the 9th century A.D. They lived in their own states in the regions such as Bhamo, Putao and Loilin. Therefore, the tribes are named after their respective regions, such as Bhamo Lisu and Loilin Lisu. They were in the north, holding strong power in Yunnan Province called Nan-Chao. Their prestige remained for as long as their traditions, their own religion and their dressing （costume） and the way they earn their living, culture and literature aspiring national faith of Lisu.
文摘The purpose of this study was aimed to analyze the effect of indigenous people’s perceived impact of tourism development on tribal quality of life and the support attitude toward tourism development. The research subjects were indigenous people who were at least 20 years old and came from one of eight Alishan tribes in Taiwan. This study conducted an investigation by random sampling, a total of 850 questionnaires were distributed and obtained 827 valid questionnaires. The valid return rate was 97.29%. Statistical analysis was performed on the valid questionnaires using descriptive statistics and partial least squares (PLS). According to the analytical result, Alishan indigenous people feel the negative environmental impact brought by tourism is the highest, but in terms of quality of life, they also maintain of nature and culture. When the positive economic, environmental, and sociocultural impact of tourism is higher, tribal quality of life and indigenous people’s support attitude toward tourism development will be more significant;however, when the negative economic, environmental, and sociocultural tourism impact is higher, tribal quality of life will be lower and indigenous people will tend to resist tourism development. Quality of life was found to be a moderator between tourism impact and support attitude toward development. This study proposed suggestions for indigenous tribes and the government to develop the tourism sector and introduced specific research directions for future tribal tourism researchers.
文摘In megacities, the phenomenon of the highrise buildings which add fashion elements into the body and facades seems as big sculptures. Architect composed their work by applying the cross-pollination of design method. They adopted the various elements to enrich their building＇s facade in order to look different. On the other hand, the traditional architecture expressed the tribe civilization by placing their proud artifacts into the building＇s facade. The purpose of this study is to find a new theory of architecture during their process of becoming of the architecture＇s form. The study applied a phenomenological investigation method of several highrise building＇s facade at Jakarta and several districts of Singapore, Brisbane and Melbourne. The study result is a new theory named ＂the fashion-architecture＂ is a building composed by adopting the cross-pollination of design method. To enrich the building＇s facade, architect adopted anything including the fashion＇s design elements： accessories, millineries, and cosmetics also reflected by the traditional architecture. Their fashion-architecture works are reflecting the tribe civilization into a contemporary architecture design.
基金Supported by Key Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education(07ZA122)
文摘In this paper,the distribution status of genera and species of the tribe Balptini discovered in China was summarized.According to related data,19 genera and 169 species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in various provinces and regions of China.Different genera and species of the tribe Balptini are distributed in different regions.This study laid the theoretical foundation for further investigation of the evolutionary process of tribe Blaptini in China.
文摘This paper discusses the relations between mass media and urban tribes, by Stafford Beer＇s viable system model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, the influence of media and advertising over individual decision-making processes has deepened of age range to which have targeted advertising and expanded for Western world, leading the culture diversity, naturally given, toward only one standardized culture prevailing nowadays. In the 1960s they were the women, then the young people during 1970s, and then children in the 1980s and during the 1990s over early childhood, when we learnt to speak （3 years old）, achieving brand loyalty among very young children and the brands of products for this age group. From this perspective, urban tribes have taken control of the lives of young people, offering a false freedom, at the moment of choosing ＂How to be yourself＂ from options given in the market as a ＂catalogue of predesigned identities＂. A phenomenon is so complex, so it requires a holistic framework able to make explicit its components and relations between them and the relationship with internal and external environment. In particular, the VSM provides a way to analyze communication＇s problems thus clarifying： how, when and where, repair and controlling into the organization, identifying strategies to improve decision-making. Given the recursive nature of the VSM, it is possible to navigate within the phenomenon, through different recursions＇ levels. It will help to define more assertive and effective policies by health authorities, education and government in general, and also help someone among young people to see themselves inside of a dynamic consumption and thus can leave the domain and enter into a recta-domain, with more wisdom and consciousness.
文摘Why do I refer to Tsosisumkyi village as a"tribe"?The simple reason is that this rural community did not go through any democratic reform while Tibet experienced its transition from a feudal serfdom to socialism.How is Tsosisumkyi today?Is there any kind of chieftain in control of this"tribe"?
文摘Introduction:The collodiaphyseal angle(CDA)is an angle formed between the femoral neck and femoral shaft axes.It is a vital determinant of femoral neck fracture as narrower angle is often used as a predictor of stress fracture.It is also important in orthopedic treatment planning,especially hip replacement surgery.Aim:This study was carried out to evaluate the CDA values among the Bini tribe and elucidate its significance.Methodology:This study employed 200 anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of the Bini tribe(100 males and 100 females)aged between 25 and 55 years obtained from selected radiological diagnostic centers in Benin City,Nigeria,after obtaining the Institutional Ethical Approval.They were used to evaluate the right and left CDA as an angle formed by intersection of the femoral neck and shaft axes and measured using the goniometer.Data were statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS(version 20)with the mean,standard deviation,and range evaluated,and side and gender comparisons were done using t-test,and P<0.05 was set as statistically significant level.Results:The average CDA was 135.56°±5.75°and 131.67°±6.15°in males and females,respectively.This angle showed significant gender differences bilaterally(P<0.05).However,the bilateral differences in the CDA were not statistically significant among either male or female Binis(P>0.05).Conclusion:The CDA can be employed as a morphometric indicator of sexual differences and for other clinical applications.
基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31991210)to Q.S.and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31701415)to W.G.
文摘Plant genome sequencing has dramatically increased,and some species even have multiple high-quality reference versions.Demands for clade-specific homology inference and analysis have increased in the pangenomic era.Here we present a novel method,GeneTribe(https://chenym1.github.io/genetribe/),for homology inference among genetically similar genomes that incorporates gene collinearity and shows bet-ter performance than traditional sequence-similarity-based methods in terms of accuracy and scalability.The Triticeae tribe is a typical allopolyploid-rich clade with complex species relationships that includes many important crops,such as wheat,barley,and rye.We built Triticeae-GeneTribe(http://wheat.cau.edu.cn/TGT/),a homology database,by integrating 12 Triticeae genomes and 3 outgroup model genomes and implemented versatile analysis and visualization functions.With macrocollinearity analysis,we were able to construct a refined model illustrating the structural rearrangements of the 4A-5A-7B chromosomes in wheat as two major translocation events.With collinearity analysis at both the macro-and microscale,we illustrated the complex evolutionary history of homologs of the wheat vernalization gene Vm2,which evolved as a combined result of genome translocation,duplication,and polyploidization and gene loss events.Our work provides a useful practice for connecting emerging genome assemblies,with awareness of the extensive polyploidy in plants,and will help researchers efficiently exploit genome sequence re-sources.
基金Key Program in the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81072995)PUMC Youth Fund(3332013079)
文摘The tribe Chelidonieae comprises 23 species of eight genera with an extensive distribution and a long medicinal usage history both in China and Western countries. A large number of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the species in tribe Chelidonieae, such as alkaloids, organic acids, and their derivatives, aromatics, triterpenoids, sterols, essential oils, and proteins, most of which possess a variety of bioactivities, especially for the antibacterial, anti-inflammation, antitumor, analgesia, anti-oxidation, and antiparasitic activity. Meanwhile, potential toxicities have been discovered in some constituents. Therefore, the species in tribe Chelidonieae have become a rich source for new drug discovery, biologic study, and mechanism research. This paper presents comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological research on the plants in tribe Chelidoieae, which is a reference for the plants in this tribe for further development.
