Based on the method of energy principle, an analytical approach for computing the capillary force for sphere/sphere geometry is presented in this paper. In modeling the capillary force, we consider spheres with both e...Based on the method of energy principle, an analytical approach for computing the capillary force for sphere/sphere geometry is presented in this paper. In modeling the capillary force, we consider spheres with both equal and non-equal radii, for both symmetric and asymmetric configurations at liquid/solid interfaces. We use numerical analysis to investigate the validity and efficiency of the derived model. The effect of various parameters including humidity, distance between two spheres, radii of spheres and contact angles on the meniscus force are investigated. Finally the results obtained from the model are compared with experimental measurements, and the accuracy and precision of the presented approach is verified.展开更多
Global cooling began since 50 Ma,but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved.From the perspective o...Global cooling began since 50 Ma,but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved.From the perspective of Earth system,this study analyzes Cenozoic tectonic activities,climatic and environmental evolution,and petroleum enrichment in Southeast Asia,and provides the following insights:(1)Subduction of oceanic plates and the extension of overlying continental lithosphere resulted in widespread volcanic eruptions as well as the formation of rift basins and shallow marine shelves,leading to complex interactions between deep tectonic processes and Earth’s surface including mountains,basins,and seas.(2)Microcontinental accretion and prolonged stay in equatorial low-latitude regions have changed trade winds into monsoons,altered ocean current pathways and flow rates,and profoundly affected rainfall and climate.(3)The archipelagic tectonic system,coupled with a hot and rainy climate,fostered tropical rainforests,mangroves,and phytoplankton,providing abundant organic matter and promoting the development of petroleum resources.(4)Combinations of rift basin development and marine transgression and regression led to an effective superposition of source-reservoir-seal combinations from multiplepetroleum systems.Rapid deep burial of organic matter and high geothermal gradients facilitated the generation and large-scale accumulation of oil and gas.(5)Multi-spherical(such as atmosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere)interactions on the Earth,which resulted from the convergence of multiple tectonic plates,are believed as the primary driver for exceptional enrichments of Cenozoic oil and gas resources in Southeast Asia.These understandings are significant for developing theories of oil and gas enrichment under the guidance of Earth System Science.In order to continue making significant oil and gas exploration discoveries in the deep-layers,deep-waters,and unconventional oil and gas fields of Southeast Asia,attention should be paid to the oil and gas resource effects of the collision between Australia and Sunda blocks and the high-temperature and high-rainfall climate environment,and efforts should be made to develop economic development and CO_(2)sequestration technologies for offshore CO_(2)-rich gas fields.展开更多
Built on the foundation of cultural exchange with the Central Plain and foreign entities from Central Asia,a distinct and unique sphere of interaction was established in Northwest China during the Bronze Age.The Paint...Built on the foundation of cultural exchange with the Central Plain and foreign entities from Central Asia,a distinct and unique sphere of interaction was established in Northwest China during the Bronze Age.The Painted Pottery Culture of China,originating from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,along with related agricultural elements,intersected with the Bronze Culture of the western world and its accompanying agricultural and animal husbandry elements,as they both spread and converged in the northwestern region of China.This convergence of cultures forms the fundamental basis of the unique interaction sphere in that area.The formation of the interaction sphere in Northwest China,marked by the conflicts and integration of different cultures,gave rise to unparalleled cultural creativity.This interaction sphere sits at the core of the vortex of east-west culture exchange.The communication and interactions between east and west in the Bronze Age lead to the deepening of mutual learning among eastern and western civilizations,play a pivotal role in the advancement of Central Plain civilization,and embed"inclusiveness"as one of the most crucial inherent characteristics of the Chinese civilization.展开更多
文摘Based on the method of energy principle, an analytical approach for computing the capillary force for sphere/sphere geometry is presented in this paper. In modeling the capillary force, we consider spheres with both equal and non-equal radii, for both symmetric and asymmetric configurations at liquid/solid interfaces. We use numerical analysis to investigate the validity and efficiency of the derived model. The effect of various parameters including humidity, distance between two spheres, radii of spheres and contact angles on the meniscus force are investigated. Finally the results obtained from the model are compared with experimental measurements, and the accuracy and precision of the presented approach is verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42288201,92255303,42202162)。
文摘Global cooling began since 50 Ma,but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved.From the perspective of Earth system,this study analyzes Cenozoic tectonic activities,climatic and environmental evolution,and petroleum enrichment in Southeast Asia,and provides the following insights:(1)Subduction of oceanic plates and the extension of overlying continental lithosphere resulted in widespread volcanic eruptions as well as the formation of rift basins and shallow marine shelves,leading to complex interactions between deep tectonic processes and Earth’s surface including mountains,basins,and seas.(2)Microcontinental accretion and prolonged stay in equatorial low-latitude regions have changed trade winds into monsoons,altered ocean current pathways and flow rates,and profoundly affected rainfall and climate.(3)The archipelagic tectonic system,coupled with a hot and rainy climate,fostered tropical rainforests,mangroves,and phytoplankton,providing abundant organic matter and promoting the development of petroleum resources.(4)Combinations of rift basin development and marine transgression and regression led to an effective superposition of source-reservoir-seal combinations from multiplepetroleum systems.Rapid deep burial of organic matter and high geothermal gradients facilitated the generation and large-scale accumulation of oil and gas.(5)Multi-spherical(such as atmosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere)interactions on the Earth,which resulted from the convergence of multiple tectonic plates,are believed as the primary driver for exceptional enrichments of Cenozoic oil and gas resources in Southeast Asia.These understandings are significant for developing theories of oil and gas enrichment under the guidance of Earth System Science.In order to continue making significant oil and gas exploration discoveries in the deep-layers,deep-waters,and unconventional oil and gas fields of Southeast Asia,attention should be paid to the oil and gas resource effects of the collision between Australia and Sunda blocks and the high-temperature and high-rainfall climate environment,and efforts should be made to develop economic development and CO_(2)sequestration technologies for offshore CO_(2)-rich gas fields.
基金This article is a phased result of the key project of the National Social Science Foundation"Formation and Development of the Common Sense of Chinese National Community from the Archaeological Perspective"(22VL002).
文摘Built on the foundation of cultural exchange with the Central Plain and foreign entities from Central Asia,a distinct and unique sphere of interaction was established in Northwest China during the Bronze Age.The Painted Pottery Culture of China,originating from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,along with related agricultural elements,intersected with the Bronze Culture of the western world and its accompanying agricultural and animal husbandry elements,as they both spread and converged in the northwestern region of China.This convergence of cultures forms the fundamental basis of the unique interaction sphere in that area.The formation of the interaction sphere in Northwest China,marked by the conflicts and integration of different cultures,gave rise to unparalleled cultural creativity.This interaction sphere sits at the core of the vortex of east-west culture exchange.The communication and interactions between east and west in the Bronze Age lead to the deepening of mutual learning among eastern and western civilizations,play a pivotal role in the advancement of Central Plain civilization,and embed"inclusiveness"as one of the most crucial inherent characteristics of the Chinese civilization.
