This study was conducted to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic similarity or diversity of rice （Oryza sativa L.） landraces in household and hypothermic genebank conservations in Hunan Province and identify the gen...This study was conducted to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic similarity or diversity of rice （Oryza sativa L.） landraces in household and hypothermic genebank conservations in Hunan Province and identify the genetic distance between the rice landraces with the same or similar names. A total of 92 accessions of rice landraces were divided into seven groups according to their local names, but the morphological traits showed large variations even within the same group as well as between household and genebank conservations. The SSR marker analysis showed that, in all the groups except Group E, the allelic variations within each subgroup of the household conservation were less than those of the genebank conservation, indicating the household-conserved rice landraces’ many-generation purifcation from natural and artifcial selections in the process of their cultivation year after year; and the similarity coeffcient among the household rice landraces was the highest except for Groups C and E. Thus, the study suggested that the same-name or similar-name rice resources retained by farmers would be valuable for collection and evaluation.展开更多
Thirty-one duplicate and similar named rice germplasms of Bangladesh were studied to assess the genetic variation for the agro-morphological and physico-chemical traits and simple sequence repeat banding patterns duri...Thirty-one duplicate and similar named rice germplasms of Bangladesh were studied to assess the genetic variation for the agro-morphological and physico-chemical traits and simple sequence repeat banding patterns during 2009–2012 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. The range of variations within the cultivar groups showed higher degree. The principal component analysis showed that the first five components with vector values > 1 contributed 82.90% of the total variations. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters, where no duplicate germplasm was found. The highest number(11) of genotypes was constellated in cluster I and the lowest(3) in cluster II. The intra- and inter-cluster distances were the maximum in cluster I(0.93) and between clusters I and IV(24.61), respectively, and the minimum in cluster IV(0.62) and between clusters I and III(5.07), respectively. The cluster mean revealed that the crosses between the genotypes of cluster I with those of clusters II and IV would exhibit high heterosis for maximum good characters. A total of 350 alleles varied from 3(RM277) to 14(RM21) with an average of 7.8 per locus were detected at 45 microsatellite loci across the 31 rice accessions. The gene diversity ranged from 0.48 to 0.90 with an average of 0.77, and the polymorphism information content values from 0.44(RM133) to 0.89(RM206) with an average of 0.74. RM206, RM21, RM55, RM258 and RM433 were considered as the best markers on the basis of their higher polymorphism information content values. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering also classified the genotypes into four groups, where group IV comprised of 20 genotypes and group III of one genotype, but no duplicate was found. Finally, similar and duplicate named rice germplasms need to be conserved in gene bank as are distinct from each other.展开更多
Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pP...Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.展开更多
This study presents a new approach that advances the algorithm of similarity measures between generalized fuzzy numbers. Following a brief introduction to some properties of the proposed method, a comparative analysis...This study presents a new approach that advances the algorithm of similarity measures between generalized fuzzy numbers. Following a brief introduction to some properties of the proposed method, a comparative analysis based on 36 sets of generalized fuzzy numbers was performed, in which the degree of similarity of the fuzzy numbers was calculated with the proposed method and seven methods established by previous studies in the literature. The results of the analytical comparison show that the proposed similarity outperforms the existing methods by overcoming their drawbacks and yielding accurate outcomes in all calculations of similarity measures under consideration. Finally, in a numerical example that involves recommending cars to customers based on a nine-member linguistic term set, the proposed similarity measure proves to be competent in addressing fuzzy number recommendation problems.展开更多
Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features,with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation.The quantifi...Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features,with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation.The quantification of model structural similarity can help in interpreting the geophysical properties of Earth's interior and establishing unified models crucial in natural hazard assessment and resource exploration.Here we employ the complex wavelet structural similarity index measure(CW-SSIM)active in computer image processing to analyze the structural similarity of four lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland published in the past decade.We take advantage of this method in its multiscale definition and insensitivity to slight geometrical distortion like translation and scaling,which is particularly crucial in the structural similarity analysis of velocity models accounting for uncertainty and resolution.Our results show that the CW-SSIM values vary in different model pairs,horizontal locations,and depths.While variations in the inter-model CW-SSIM are partly owing to different databases in the model generation,the difference of tomography methods may significantly impact the similar structural features of models,such as the low similarities between the full-wave based FWEA18 and other three models in northeastern China.We finally suggest potential solutions for the next generation of tomographic modeling in different areas according to corresponding structural similarities of existing models.展开更多
As social networks become increasingly complex, contemporary fake news often includes textual descriptionsof events accompanied by corresponding images or videos. Fake news in multiple modalities is more likely tocrea...As social networks become increasingly complex, contemporary fake news often includes textual descriptionsof events accompanied by corresponding images or videos. Fake news in multiple modalities is more likely tocreate a misleading perception among users. While early research primarily focused on text-based features forfake news detection mechanisms, there has been relatively limited exploration of learning shared representationsin multimodal (text and visual) contexts. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a multimodal modelfor detecting fake news, which relies on similarity reasoning and adversarial networks. The model employsBidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) and Text Convolutional Neural Network (Text-CNN) for extracting textual features while utilizing the pre-trained Visual Geometry Group 19-layer (VGG-19) toextract visual features. Subsequently, the model establishes similarity representations between the textual featuresextracted by Text-CNN and visual features through similarity learning and reasoning. Finally, these features arefused to enhance the accuracy of fake news detection, and adversarial networks have been employed to investigatethe relationship between fake news and events. This paper validates the proposed model using publicly availablemultimodal datasets from Weibo and Twitter. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approachachieves superior performance on Twitter, with an accuracy of 86%, surpassing traditional unimodalmodalmodelsand existing multimodal models. In contrast, the overall better performance of our model on the Weibo datasetsurpasses the benchmark models across multiple metrics. The application of similarity reasoning and adversarialnetworks in multimodal fake news detection significantly enhances detection effectiveness in this paper. However,current research is limited to the fusion of only text and image modalities. Future research directions should aimto further integrate features fromadditionalmodalities to comprehensively represent themultifaceted informationof fake news.展开更多
The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much informat...The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much information which implies the nation’s language,history,geography,religion,and cultural tradition.Research into the names of different nationalities will help us deepen the understanding of cultures.The commonness of Chinese and British cultures determines the similarities of Chinese and Britain names,while the different historical cultures,value ideas,thinking patterns,religion,and psychology determine the dissimilarities.This paper will discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese and British names from several aspects and analyze the cultural differences reflected by Chinese and British names.展开更多
3D printing is widely adopted to quickly produce rock mass models with complex structures in batches,improving the consistency and repeatability of physical modeling.It is necessary to regulate the mechanical properti...3D printing is widely adopted to quickly produce rock mass models with complex structures in batches,improving the consistency and repeatability of physical modeling.It is necessary to regulate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens to make them proportionally similar to natural rocks.This study investigates mechanical properties of 3D-printed rock analogues prepared by furan resin-bonded silica sand particles.The mechanical property regulation of 3D-printed specimens is realized through quantifying its similarity to sandstone,so that analogous deformation characteristics and failure mode are acquired.Considering similarity conversion,uniaxial compressive strength,cohesion and stress–strain relationship curve of 3D-printed specimen are similar to those of sandstone.In the study ranges,the strength of 3D-printed specimen is positively correlated with the additive content,negatively correlated with the sand particle size,and first increases then decreases with the increase of curing temperature.The regulation scheme with optimal similarity quantification index,that is the sand type of 70/140,additive content of 2.5‰and curing temperature of 81.6℃,is determined for preparing 3D-printed sandstone analogues and models.The effectiveness of mechanical property regulation is proved through uniaxial compression contrast tests.This study provides a reference for preparing rock-like specimens and engineering models using 3D printing technology.展开更多
For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the...For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and symmetry.Some com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.展开更多
For the ultimate strength model test evaluation of large ship structures, the distortion model with non-uniform ratio between the main size and the plate thickness size is usually adopted. It is the key to carry out s...For the ultimate strength model test evaluation of large ship structures, the distortion model with non-uniform ratio between the main size and the plate thickness size is usually adopted. It is the key to carry out scale model test to establish a distortion model similar to the real ship structure under combined load. A similarity criterion for ship distortion model under the combined action of bending moment and surface pressure was proposed, and the scale effect for the criterion was verified by a se ries of numerical analysis and model tests. The results show that the similarity criterion for ship distor tion model under combined loads has a certain scale effect. For the model tests of ship cabin struc tures, it is suggested that the scale range between the plate thickness scale and the main dimension scale should be controlled within 2:1, which can be used as a reference for distortion model design and ultimate strength test of large-scale ship structures.展开更多
The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is ...The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.展开更多
Urban sustainability assessment is an effective method for objectively presenting the current state of sustainable urban development and diagnosing sustainability-related issues.As the global community intensifies its...Urban sustainability assessment is an effective method for objectively presenting the current state of sustainable urban development and diagnosing sustainability-related issues.As the global community intensifies its efforts to implement the sustainable development goals(SDGs),the demand for assessing progress in urban sustainable development has increased.This has led to the emergence of numerous indicator systems with varying scales and themes published by different entities.Cities participating in these evaluations often encounter difficulties in matching indicators or the absence of certain indicators.In this context,urban decision makers and planners urgently need to identify substitute indicators that can express the semantic meaning of the original indicators and consider the availability of indicators for participating cities.Hence,this study explores the relationships of substitution between indicators and constructs a collection of substitute indicators to serve as a reference for sustainable urban development assessment.Specifically,building on a review of international and Chinese indicators related to urban sustainability assessment,this study employs natural semantic analysis methods based on the Word2Vec model and cosine similarity algorithm to calculate the similarity between indicators related to sustainable urban development.The results show that the Skip-gram algorithm with a word vector dimensionality of 600 has the best performance in terms of calculating the similarity between sustainable urban development assessment indicators.The findings provide valuable insights into selecting substitute indicators for future sustainable urban development assessment,particularly in China.展开更多
Over the last decade,nuclear theory has made dramatic progress in few-body and ab initio many-body calculations.These great advances stem from chiral efective feld theory(xEFT),which provides an efcient expansion and ...Over the last decade,nuclear theory has made dramatic progress in few-body and ab initio many-body calculations.These great advances stem from chiral efective feld theory(xEFT),which provides an efcient expansion and consistent treatment of nuclear forces as inputs of modern many-body calculations,among which the in-medium similarity renormalization group(IMSRG)and its variants play a vital role.On the other hand,signifcant eforts have been made to provide a unifed description of the structure,decay,and reactions of the nuclei as open quantum systems.While a fully comprehensive and microscopic model has yet to be realized,substantial progress over recent decades has enhanced our understanding of open quantum systems around the dripline,which are often characterized by exotic structures and decay modes.To study these interesting phenomena,Gamow coupled-channel(GCC)method,in which the open quantum nature of few-body valence nucleons coupled to a deformed core,has been developed.This review focuses on the developments of the advanced IMSRG and GCC and their applications to nuclear structure and reactions.展开更多
An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection ...An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.展开更多
Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest v...Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest vortex in the warm-sector during a“rain-generated vortex”process and the deep southwest vortex in a“vortex-generated rain”process.The findings were as follows:(1)During the extreme rainstorm on August 11,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·11”process),intense surface heating and a high-energy unstable environment were observed.The mesoscale convergence system triggered convection to produce heavy rainfall,and the release of latent condensation heat generated by the rainfall promoted the formation of a southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy preceded the increase(decrease)in vorticity.By contrast,the extreme rainstorm on August 16,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·16”process)involved the generation of southwest vortex in a low-energy and highhumidity environment.The dynamic uplift of the southwest vortex triggered rainfall,and the release of condensation latent heat from rainfall further strengthened the development of the southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy exhibited a delayed progression compared to the increase(decrease)in vorticity.(2)The heating effect around the southwest vortex region was non-uniform,and the heating intensity varied in different stages.In the“8·11”process,the heating effect was the strongest in the initial stage,but weakened during the vortex's development.On the contrary,the heating effect was initially weak in the“8·16”process,and intensified during the development stage.(3)The available potential energy of the“8·11”process significantly increased in kinetic energy converted from rotational and divergent winds through baroclinic action,and the divergent wind energy continued to convert into rotational wind energy.By contrast,the“8·16”process involved the conversion of rotational wind energy into divergent wind energy,which in turn converted kinetic energy back into available potential energy,thereby impeding the further development and maintenance of the southwest vortex.展开更多
In order to minimize wind turbine failures,fault diagnosis of wind turbines is becoming increasinglyimportant,deep learning methods excel at multivariate monitoring and data modeling,but they are often limited toEucli...In order to minimize wind turbine failures,fault diagnosis of wind turbines is becoming increasinglyimportant,deep learning methods excel at multivariate monitoring and data modeling,but they are often limited toEuclidean space and struggle to capture the complex coupling between wind turbine sensors.To addressthis problem,we convert SCADA data into graph data,where sensors act as nodes and their topologicalconnections act as edges,to represent these complex relationships more efficiently.Specifically,a wind turbineanomaly identification method based on deep graph convolutional neural network using similarity graphgeneration strategy(SGG-DGCN)is proposed.Firstly,a plurality of similarity graphs containing similarityinformation between nodes are generated by different distance metrics.Then,the generated similarity graphs arefused using the proposed similarity graph generation strategy.Finally,the fused similarity graphs are fed into theDGCN model for anomaly identification.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SGG-DGCN model,we conducted a large number of experiments.The experimental results show that the proposed SGG-DGCNmodel has the highest accuracy compared with other models.In addition,the results of ablation experimentalso demonstrate that the proposed SGG strategy can effectively improve the accuracy of WT anomalyidentification.展开更多
Machine learning has been widely applied in well logging formation evaluation studies.However,several challenges negatively impacted the generalization capabilities of machine learning models in practical imple-mentat...Machine learning has been widely applied in well logging formation evaluation studies.However,several challenges negatively impacted the generalization capabilities of machine learning models in practical imple-mentations,such as the mismatch of data domain between training and testing datasets,imbalances among sample categories,and inadequate representation of data model.These issues have led to substantial insufficient identification for reservoir and significant deviations in subsequent evaluations.To improve the transferability of machine learning models within limited sample sets,this study proposes a weight transfer learning framework based on the similarity of the labels.The similarity weighting method includes both hard weights and soft weights.By evaluating the similarity between test and training sets of logging data,the similarity results are used to estimate the weights of training samples,thereby optimizing the model learning process.We develop a double experts’network and a bidirectional gated neural network based on hierarchical attention and multi-head attention(BiGRU-MHSA)for well logs reconstruction and lithofacies classification tasks.Oil field data results for the shale strata in the Gulong area of the Songliao Basin of China indicate that the double experts’network model performs well in curve reconstruction tasks.However,it may not be effective in lithofacies classification tasks,while BiGRU-MHSA performs well in that area.In the study of constructing large-scale well logging processing and formation interpretation models,it is maybe more beneficial by employing different expert models for combined evaluations.In addition,although the improvement is limited,hard or soft weighting methods is better than unweighted(i.e.,average-weighted)in significantly different adjacent wells.The code and data are open and available for subsequent studies on other lithofacies layers.展开更多
Liquid metal filling flow process in the microscale during the centrifugal casting process was studied by means of similar physical simulation. The research was focused on derived similarity criterion. Based on the tr...Liquid metal filling flow process in the microscale during the centrifugal casting process was studied by means of similar physical simulation. The research was focused on derived similarity criterion. Based on the traditional flow equations, the flow equation and the Bernoulli＇s equation for liquid metal flows in micro-scale space were derived, which provides a mathematical model for numerical simulation of micro-scale flow. In the meanwhile, according to the micro-flow equation and the similarity theory, the similarity criterion for the physical simulation of the mold filling behaviors was presented under centrifugal force field, so as to achieve the visual observation and quantitative analysis of micro-flow process.展开更多
An estimation method for aircraft similarity based on fuzzy theory and grey incidence analysis is presented. This estimation method is made up of the triangular fuzzy transforming model of linguistic variables and the...An estimation method for aircraft similarity based on fuzzy theory and grey incidence analysis is presented. This estimation method is made up of the triangular fuzzy transforming model of linguistic variables and the method of grey incidence analysis. Nine feature attributes of aircraft are selected to estimate the similarity between the new aircraft and the existing aircraft. A new aircraft X and other six existing aircrafts are taken as examples. Analyses show that similarity estimation results obtained from the method are in accordance with practice.展开更多
In order to achieve adaptive and efficient service composition, a task-oriented algorithm for discovering services is proposed. The traditional process of service composition is divided into semantic discovery and fun...In order to achieve adaptive and efficient service composition, a task-oriented algorithm for discovering services is proposed. The traditional process of service composition is divided into semantic discovery and functional matching and makes tasks be operation objects. Semantic similarity is used to discover services matching a specific task and then generate a corresponding task-oriented web service composition （TWC） graph. Moreover, an algorithm for the new service is designed to update the TWC. The approach is applied to the composition model, in which the TWC is searched to obtain an optimal path and the final service composition is output. Also, the model can implement realtime updating with changing environments. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm and indicate that the maximum searching radius can be set to 2 to achieve an equilibrium point of quality and quantity.展开更多
基金Supported by Protection Fund for Species Resources of Ministry of Agriculture(1120162130135252036)the Third Chinese Crop Germplasm Resources Census and CollectionSpecial Fund for National Modern Agro-Industrial Technology System Construction(nycytx-001)~~
文摘This study was conducted to analyze the phenotypic and genotypic similarity or diversity of rice （Oryza sativa L.） landraces in household and hypothermic genebank conservations in Hunan Province and identify the genetic distance between the rice landraces with the same or similar names. A total of 92 accessions of rice landraces were divided into seven groups according to their local names, but the morphological traits showed large variations even within the same group as well as between household and genebank conservations. The SSR marker analysis showed that, in all the groups except Group E, the allelic variations within each subgroup of the household conservation were less than those of the genebank conservation, indicating the household-conserved rice landraces’ many-generation purifcation from natural and artifcial selections in the process of their cultivation year after year; and the similarity coeffcient among the household rice landraces was the highest except for Groups C and E. Thus, the study suggested that the same-name or similar-name rice resources retained by farmers would be valuable for collection and evaluation.
文摘Thirty-one duplicate and similar named rice germplasms of Bangladesh were studied to assess the genetic variation for the agro-morphological and physico-chemical traits and simple sequence repeat banding patterns during 2009–2012 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. The range of variations within the cultivar groups showed higher degree. The principal component analysis showed that the first five components with vector values > 1 contributed 82.90% of the total variations. The cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into four clusters, where no duplicate germplasm was found. The highest number(11) of genotypes was constellated in cluster I and the lowest(3) in cluster II. The intra- and inter-cluster distances were the maximum in cluster I(0.93) and between clusters I and IV(24.61), respectively, and the minimum in cluster IV(0.62) and between clusters I and III(5.07), respectively. The cluster mean revealed that the crosses between the genotypes of cluster I with those of clusters II and IV would exhibit high heterosis for maximum good characters. A total of 350 alleles varied from 3(RM277) to 14(RM21) with an average of 7.8 per locus were detected at 45 microsatellite loci across the 31 rice accessions. The gene diversity ranged from 0.48 to 0.90 with an average of 0.77, and the polymorphism information content values from 0.44(RM133) to 0.89(RM206) with an average of 0.74. RM206, RM21, RM55, RM258 and RM433 were considered as the best markers on the basis of their higher polymorphism information content values. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering also classified the genotypes into four groups, where group IV comprised of 20 genotypes and group III of one genotype, but no duplicate was found. Finally, similar and duplicate named rice germplasms need to be conserved in gene bank as are distinct from each other.
基金supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University(QU-APC-2024-9/1).
文摘Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.
文摘This study presents a new approach that advances the algorithm of similarity measures between generalized fuzzy numbers. Following a brief introduction to some properties of the proposed method, a comparative analysis based on 36 sets of generalized fuzzy numbers was performed, in which the degree of similarity of the fuzzy numbers was calculated with the proposed method and seven methods established by previous studies in the literature. The results of the analytical comparison show that the proposed similarity outperforms the existing methods by overcoming their drawbacks and yielding accurate outcomes in all calculations of similarity measures under consideration. Finally, in a numerical example that involves recommending cars to customers based on a nine-member linguistic term set, the proposed similarity measure proves to be competent in addressing fuzzy number recommendation problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42174063,92155307,41976046)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology under(No.2022B1212010002)Project for introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong(Guangzhou)(No.GML2019ZD0203)。
文摘Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features,with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation.The quantification of model structural similarity can help in interpreting the geophysical properties of Earth's interior and establishing unified models crucial in natural hazard assessment and resource exploration.Here we employ the complex wavelet structural similarity index measure(CW-SSIM)active in computer image processing to analyze the structural similarity of four lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland published in the past decade.We take advantage of this method in its multiscale definition and insensitivity to slight geometrical distortion like translation and scaling,which is particularly crucial in the structural similarity analysis of velocity models accounting for uncertainty and resolution.Our results show that the CW-SSIM values vary in different model pairs,horizontal locations,and depths.While variations in the inter-model CW-SSIM are partly owing to different databases in the model generation,the difference of tomography methods may significantly impact the similar structural features of models,such as the low similarities between the full-wave based FWEA18 and other three models in northeastern China.We finally suggest potential solutions for the next generation of tomographic modeling in different areas according to corresponding structural similarities of existing models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62302540)with author F.F.S.For more information,please visit their website at https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/.Additionally,it is also funded by the Open Foundation of Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness(No.HNTS2022020)+1 种基金where F.F.S is an author.Further details can be found at http://xt.hnkjt.gov.cn/data/pingtai/.The research is also supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province Youth Science Fund Project(No.232300420422)for more information,you can visit https://kjt.henan.gov.cn/2022/09-02/2599082.html.Lastly,it receives funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhongyuan University of Technology(No.K2023QN018),where F.F.S is an author.You can find more information at https://www.zut.edu.cn/.
文摘As social networks become increasingly complex, contemporary fake news often includes textual descriptionsof events accompanied by corresponding images or videos. Fake news in multiple modalities is more likely tocreate a misleading perception among users. While early research primarily focused on text-based features forfake news detection mechanisms, there has been relatively limited exploration of learning shared representationsin multimodal (text and visual) contexts. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a multimodal modelfor detecting fake news, which relies on similarity reasoning and adversarial networks. The model employsBidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) and Text Convolutional Neural Network (Text-CNN) for extracting textual features while utilizing the pre-trained Visual Geometry Group 19-layer (VGG-19) toextract visual features. Subsequently, the model establishes similarity representations between the textual featuresextracted by Text-CNN and visual features through similarity learning and reasoning. Finally, these features arefused to enhance the accuracy of fake news detection, and adversarial networks have been employed to investigatethe relationship between fake news and events. This paper validates the proposed model using publicly availablemultimodal datasets from Weibo and Twitter. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approachachieves superior performance on Twitter, with an accuracy of 86%, surpassing traditional unimodalmodalmodelsand existing multimodal models. In contrast, the overall better performance of our model on the Weibo datasetsurpasses the benchmark models across multiple metrics. The application of similarity reasoning and adversarialnetworks in multimodal fake news detection significantly enhances detection effectiveness in this paper. However,current research is limited to the fusion of only text and image modalities. Future research directions should aimto further integrate features fromadditionalmodalities to comprehensively represent themultifaceted informationof fake news.
文摘The name is the unique cultural phenomenon in human society.One’sOneooOoOOOOOOOO name not only a sign used to dis⁃tinguish him/her from others,but also a mark accompanying his/her whole life.It includes much information which implies the nation’s language,history,geography,religion,and cultural tradition.Research into the names of different nationalities will help us deepen the understanding of cultures.The commonness of Chinese and British cultures determines the similarities of Chinese and Britain names,while the different historical cultures,value ideas,thinking patterns,religion,and psychology determine the dissimilarities.This paper will discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between Chinese and British names from several aspects and analyze the cultural differences reflected by Chinese and British names.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51988101 and 42007262).
文摘3D printing is widely adopted to quickly produce rock mass models with complex structures in batches,improving the consistency and repeatability of physical modeling.It is necessary to regulate the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens to make them proportionally similar to natural rocks.This study investigates mechanical properties of 3D-printed rock analogues prepared by furan resin-bonded silica sand particles.The mechanical property regulation of 3D-printed specimens is realized through quantifying its similarity to sandstone,so that analogous deformation characteristics and failure mode are acquired.Considering similarity conversion,uniaxial compressive strength,cohesion and stress–strain relationship curve of 3D-printed specimen are similar to those of sandstone.In the study ranges,the strength of 3D-printed specimen is positively correlated with the additive content,negatively correlated with the sand particle size,and first increases then decreases with the increase of curing temperature.The regulation scheme with optimal similarity quantification index,that is the sand type of 70/140,additive content of 2.5‰and curing temperature of 81.6℃,is determined for preparing 3D-printed sandstone analogues and models.The effectiveness of mechanical property regulation is proved through uniaxial compression contrast tests.This study provides a reference for preparing rock-like specimens and engineering models using 3D printing technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62033010)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(R2023Q07)。
文摘For accurately identifying the distribution charac-teristic of Gaussian-like noises in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)state estimation,this paper proposes a non-parametric scheme based on curve similarity matching.In the framework of the pro-posed scheme,a Parzen window(kernel density estimation,KDE)method on sliding window technology is applied for roughly esti-mating the sample probability density,a precise data probability density function(PDF)model is constructed with the least square method on K-fold cross validation,and the testing result based on evaluation method is obtained based on some data characteristic analyses of curve shape,abruptness and symmetry.Some com-parison simulations with classical methods and UAV flight exper-iment shows that the proposed scheme has higher recognition accuracy than classical methods for some kinds of Gaussian-like data,which provides better reference for the design of Kalman filter(KF)in complex water environment.
文摘For the ultimate strength model test evaluation of large ship structures, the distortion model with non-uniform ratio between the main size and the plate thickness size is usually adopted. It is the key to carry out scale model test to establish a distortion model similar to the real ship structure under combined load. A similarity criterion for ship distortion model under the combined action of bending moment and surface pressure was proposed, and the scale effect for the criterion was verified by a se ries of numerical analysis and model tests. The results show that the similarity criterion for ship distor tion model under combined loads has a certain scale effect. For the model tests of ship cabin struc tures, it is suggested that the scale range between the plate thickness scale and the main dimension scale should be controlled within 2:1, which can be used as a reference for distortion model design and ultimate strength test of large-scale ship structures.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972796).
文摘The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under the theme“Key technologies for urban sustainable development evaluation and decision-making support” [Grant No.2022YFC3802900]the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program [Grant No.Guike AB21220057].
文摘Urban sustainability assessment is an effective method for objectively presenting the current state of sustainable urban development and diagnosing sustainability-related issues.As the global community intensifies its efforts to implement the sustainable development goals(SDGs),the demand for assessing progress in urban sustainable development has increased.This has led to the emergence of numerous indicator systems with varying scales and themes published by different entities.Cities participating in these evaluations often encounter difficulties in matching indicators or the absence of certain indicators.In this context,urban decision makers and planners urgently need to identify substitute indicators that can express the semantic meaning of the original indicators and consider the availability of indicators for participating cities.Hence,this study explores the relationships of substitution between indicators and constructs a collection of substitute indicators to serve as a reference for sustainable urban development assessment.Specifically,building on a review of international and Chinese indicators related to urban sustainability assessment,this study employs natural semantic analysis methods based on the Word2Vec model and cosine similarity algorithm to calculate the similarity between indicators related to sustainable urban development.The results show that the Skip-gram algorithm with a word vector dimensionality of 600 has the best performance in terms of calculating the similarity between sustainable urban development assessment indicators.The findings provide valuable insights into selecting substitute indicators for future sustainable urban development assessment,particularly in China.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant Nos.2023YFA1606400 and 2022YFA1602303National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.12335007,12035001,11921006,12347106,12147101,and 12205340+1 种基金Gansu Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.22JR5RA123U.S.Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Science,under SciDAC-5(NUCLEI collaboration)。
文摘Over the last decade,nuclear theory has made dramatic progress in few-body and ab initio many-body calculations.These great advances stem from chiral efective feld theory(xEFT),which provides an efcient expansion and consistent treatment of nuclear forces as inputs of modern many-body calculations,among which the in-medium similarity renormalization group(IMSRG)and its variants play a vital role.On the other hand,signifcant eforts have been made to provide a unifed description of the structure,decay,and reactions of the nuclei as open quantum systems.While a fully comprehensive and microscopic model has yet to be realized,substantial progress over recent decades has enhanced our understanding of open quantum systems around the dripline,which are often characterized by exotic structures and decay modes.To study these interesting phenomena,Gamow coupled-channel(GCC)method,in which the open quantum nature of few-body valence nucleons coupled to a deformed core,has been developed.This review focuses on the developments of the advanced IMSRG and GCC and their applications to nuclear structure and reactions.
文摘An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.
基金Key Project of Joint Meteorological Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2242202)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42030611)+1 种基金Innovative Development Special Project of China Meteorological Administration (CXFZ2023J016)Innovation Team Fund of Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Service (SCQXCX7D-202201)。
文摘Based on ERA5 reanalysis data,the present study analyzed the thermal energy development mechanism and kinetic energy conversion characteristics of two extreme rainstorm processes in relation to the shallow southwest vortex in the warm-sector during a“rain-generated vortex”process and the deep southwest vortex in a“vortex-generated rain”process.The findings were as follows:(1)During the extreme rainstorm on August 11,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·11”process),intense surface heating and a high-energy unstable environment were observed.The mesoscale convergence system triggered convection to produce heavy rainfall,and the release of latent condensation heat generated by the rainfall promoted the formation of a southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy preceded the increase(decrease)in vorticity.By contrast,the extreme rainstorm on August 16,2020(hereinafter referred to as the“8·16”process)involved the generation of southwest vortex in a low-energy and highhumidity environment.The dynamic uplift of the southwest vortex triggered rainfall,and the release of condensation latent heat from rainfall further strengthened the development of the southwest vortex.The significant increase(decrease)in atmospheric diabatic heating and kinetic energy exhibited a delayed progression compared to the increase(decrease)in vorticity.(2)The heating effect around the southwest vortex region was non-uniform,and the heating intensity varied in different stages.In the“8·11”process,the heating effect was the strongest in the initial stage,but weakened during the vortex's development.On the contrary,the heating effect was initially weak in the“8·16”process,and intensified during the development stage.(3)The available potential energy of the“8·11”process significantly increased in kinetic energy converted from rotational and divergent winds through baroclinic action,and the divergent wind energy continued to convert into rotational wind energy.By contrast,the“8·16”process involved the conversion of rotational wind energy into divergent wind energy,which in turn converted kinetic energy back into available potential energy,thereby impeding the further development and maintenance of the southwest vortex.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U52305124,U62201399)the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ23E050002)+4 种基金the Basic Scientific Research Project of Wenzhou City(Nos.G2022008,G2023028)the General Scientific Research Project of Educational Department of Zhejiang Province(Nos.Y202249008,Y202249041)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M740988)Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.ZJ2023122)the Master’s Innovation Foundation of Wenzhou University(Nos.3162024004106).
文摘In order to minimize wind turbine failures,fault diagnosis of wind turbines is becoming increasinglyimportant,deep learning methods excel at multivariate monitoring and data modeling,but they are often limited toEuclidean space and struggle to capture the complex coupling between wind turbine sensors.To addressthis problem,we convert SCADA data into graph data,where sensors act as nodes and their topologicalconnections act as edges,to represent these complex relationships more efficiently.Specifically,a wind turbineanomaly identification method based on deep graph convolutional neural network using similarity graphgeneration strategy(SGG-DGCN)is proposed.Firstly,a plurality of similarity graphs containing similarityinformation between nodes are generated by different distance metrics.Then,the generated similarity graphs arefused using the proposed similarity graph generation strategy.Finally,the fused similarity graphs are fed into theDGCN model for anomaly identification.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SGG-DGCN model,we conducted a large number of experiments.The experimental results show that the proposed SGG-DGCNmodel has the highest accuracy compared with other models.In addition,the results of ablation experimentalso demonstrate that the proposed SGG strategy can effectively improve the accuracy of WT anomalyidentification.
基金supported by the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)and China University of Petroleum (Beijing) (CUPB) (ZLZX2020-03)National Key Research and Development Program,China (2019YFA0708301)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program,China (2023YFF0714102)Science and Technology Innovation Fund of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) (2021DQ02-0403).
文摘Machine learning has been widely applied in well logging formation evaluation studies.However,several challenges negatively impacted the generalization capabilities of machine learning models in practical imple-mentations,such as the mismatch of data domain between training and testing datasets,imbalances among sample categories,and inadequate representation of data model.These issues have led to substantial insufficient identification for reservoir and significant deviations in subsequent evaluations.To improve the transferability of machine learning models within limited sample sets,this study proposes a weight transfer learning framework based on the similarity of the labels.The similarity weighting method includes both hard weights and soft weights.By evaluating the similarity between test and training sets of logging data,the similarity results are used to estimate the weights of training samples,thereby optimizing the model learning process.We develop a double experts’network and a bidirectional gated neural network based on hierarchical attention and multi-head attention(BiGRU-MHSA)for well logs reconstruction and lithofacies classification tasks.Oil field data results for the shale strata in the Gulong area of the Songliao Basin of China indicate that the double experts’network model performs well in curve reconstruction tasks.However,it may not be effective in lithofacies classification tasks,while BiGRU-MHSA performs well in that area.In the study of constructing large-scale well logging processing and formation interpretation models,it is maybe more beneficial by employing different expert models for combined evaluations.In addition,although the improvement is limited,hard or soft weighting methods is better than unweighted(i.e.,average-weighted)in significantly different adjacent wells.The code and data are open and available for subsequent studies on other lithofacies layers.
基金Project(51005053)supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China
文摘Liquid metal filling flow process in the microscale during the centrifugal casting process was studied by means of similar physical simulation. The research was focused on derived similarity criterion. Based on the traditional flow equations, the flow equation and the Bernoulli＇s equation for liquid metal flows in micro-scale space were derived, which provides a mathematical model for numerical simulation of micro-scale flow. In the meanwhile, according to the micro-flow equation and the similarity theory, the similarity criterion for the physical simulation of the mold filling behaviors was presented under centrifugal force field, so as to achieve the visual observation and quantitative analysis of micro-flow process.
文摘An estimation method for aircraft similarity based on fuzzy theory and grey incidence analysis is presented. This estimation method is made up of the triangular fuzzy transforming model of linguistic variables and the method of grey incidence analysis. Nine feature attributes of aircraft are selected to estimate the similarity between the new aircraft and the existing aircraft. A new aircraft X and other six existing aircrafts are taken as examples. Analyses show that similarity estimation results obtained from the method are in accordance with practice.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of Chinaduring the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No2007BAF23B0302)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No90818028)
文摘In order to achieve adaptive and efficient service composition, a task-oriented algorithm for discovering services is proposed. The traditional process of service composition is divided into semantic discovery and functional matching and makes tasks be operation objects. Semantic similarity is used to discover services matching a specific task and then generate a corresponding task-oriented web service composition （TWC） graph. Moreover, an algorithm for the new service is designed to update the TWC. The approach is applied to the composition model, in which the TWC is searched to obtain an optimal path and the final service composition is output. Also, the model can implement realtime updating with changing environments. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm and indicate that the maximum searching radius can be set to 2 to achieve an equilibrium point of quality and quantity.
