Over the last decade,remarkable progress has been made in metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which have been a focus of emerging photovoltaic techniques and show great potential for commercialization.However,th...Over the last decade,remarkable progress has been made in metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which have been a focus of emerging photovoltaic techniques and show great potential for commercialization.However,the upscaling of small-area PSCs to large-area solar modules to meet the demands of practical applications remains a significant challenge.The scalable production of high-quality perovskite films by a simple,reproducible process is crucial for resolving this issue.Furthermore,the crystallization behavior in the solution-processed fabrication of perovskite films can be strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the precursor inks,which are significantly affected by the employed solvents and their interactions with the solutes.Thus,a comprehensive understanding of solvent engineering for fabricating perovskite films over large areas is urgently required.In this paper,we first analyze the role of solvents in the solution-processed fabrication of large-area perovskite films based on the classical crystal nucleation and growth mechanism.Recent efforts in solvent engineering to improve the quality of perovskite films for solar modules are discussed.Finally,the basic principles and future challenges of solvent system design for scalable fabrication of high-quality perovskite films for efficient solar modules are proposed.展开更多
Superlattice photonic crystals (SPhCs) possess considerablepotentials as building blocks for constructing high-performancedevices because of their great flexibilities in opticalmanipulation. From the prospective of pr...Superlattice photonic crystals (SPhCs) possess considerablepotentials as building blocks for constructing high-performancedevices because of their great flexibilities in opticalmanipulation. From the prospective of practical applications,scalable fabrication of SPhCs with large-area uniformity and precisegeometrical controllability has been considered as one prerequisitebut still remains a challenge.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells have reached a power-conversion efficiency(PCE) of 25.6%,showing great potential with reliable moisture and heat stability.Most results are achieved on small-area devices,using conventional thin...Perovskite solar cells have reached a power-conversion efficiency(PCE) of 25.6%,showing great potential with reliable moisture and heat stability.Most results are achieved on small-area devices,using conventional thin-film processing technologies like spin-coating method.However,such approaches may not be upscaled for large-area substrates.Thus,strategies and materials need to be developed for manufacturing processing routes to realize future commercial photovoltaic fabrications.Notable results have been achieved on large-area perovskite solar cells.In this review,similarities and differences of large-area perovskite fabrication mechanisms between the various pathways are investigated,especially on the parameters affecting the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics.Moreover,the methods for large-area transporting layers and electrodes are discussed,and some key issues from cells to modules.Challenges and opportunities are proposed to pave the way of high-efficiency perovskite solar modules.展开更多
Halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials due to the outstanding photoelectric properties and low-cost solution pro-cess;however,the low scalability and reproducibility of perovskite films hinder the com...Halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials due to the outstanding photoelectric properties and low-cost solution pro-cess;however,the low scalability and reproducibility of perovskite films hinder the commercialization.Liquid medium annealing(LMA)method has provided a robust liquid environment and an omnidirectional heating field to modulate the growth of perovskite films for high quality with low defect density,desirable stoichiometry,high homogeneity,and less environmental influence.The fabricated perovskite solar cells exhibited excellent reproducibility and power conversion efficiencies exceeding 24.04%with 0.08 cm^(2) area and 23.15%with 1 cm^(2) area.展开更多
Fabric is a kind of turbid materials with strong light scattering, to which the Kubelka-Munk theory can be applied to describe it optical behavior. In this paper, the light absorption coefficients of dyestuff in fabri...Fabric is a kind of turbid materials with strong light scattering, to which the Kubelka-Munk theory can be applied to describe it optical behavior. In this paper, the light absorption coefficients of dyestuff in fabrics are obtained by test and calculation through a special method proposed by the authors. Then the optical behaviours of dyestuff in fabric are studied. Results show that, the absorption coefficient of dye in fabric is non-scalable and exponential to dye concentration in fabric which is totally different from that of the dye in transparent media like water.展开更多
The development of a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst for nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)wastewater valorization to ammonia(NH_(3))is a promising strategy.However,it is challenging to design scalable ...The development of a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst for nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)wastewater valorization to ammonia(NH_(3))is a promising strategy.However,it is challenging to design scalable low-cost electrocatalysts with high activity,high selectivity,and long-term stability by a facile and simple method.Herein,we construct this scalable Cu-based nanoarray with muti-oxidation states grown directly on nickel foam(NF)substrate(Cu_(2+1)O@Cu/NF)using a facile molten salt method combined in-situ electrochemical reduction.The as-prepared Cu_(2+1)O@Cu/NF nanoarrays reveal a high NH_(3) yield of 20.14 mg h^(−1) cm^(−2) at−0.95 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE),Faradaic efficiency of 99.38%at−0.55 V vs.RHE in the neutral potassium phosphate(PBS)buffer solution with 50 mM NaNO_(3),which is ascribed to its electron redistribution with abundant oxygen vacancies and favorable charge/mass transfer.展开更多
Developing a scalable process is critical to manufacture conductive fabric for commercial applications.This paper describes a scalable coating process that is compatible with existing industrial finishing processes of...Developing a scalable process is critical to manufacture conductive fabric for commercial applications.This paper describes a scalable coating process that is compatible with existing industrial finishing processes of fabrics.In this process,the fabric is continuously dipped in water-based metal salt and the reducing agent solution to impart conductive particles on the fiber surface.After 10 consecutive cycles of dip coating,the fabric shows 6Ω/in.of resistance.The process is tuned to minimize process cost and material cost,and maximize the durability of the fabric.This paper also introduces an easy protective coating technique of the conductive fabric that improves the durability of the conductive fabric without sacrificing the comfort properties of textile fabrics such as breathability and flexibility.The encapsulated conductive fabric shows good air-permeability and it is 6.96 cm^(3)/cm^(2)/s.Moreover,the conductivity of the encapsulated fabric is quite stable after four accelerated washing cycles.Additionally,the fabric remains conductive on the surfaces and is suitable for using as a conductive track and connectors.展开更多
提出了一种新型分组交换网络拓扑结构———MR(M agic R ing)网络.在继承传统三级间接连接网络良好性能的基础上,通过在中间级引入环网络,解决了现有大容量分组交换网络无法兼顾良好性能和可扩展性的问题.理论分析和仿真结果表明该网络...提出了一种新型分组交换网络拓扑结构———MR(M agic R ing)网络.在继承传统三级间接连接网络良好性能的基础上,通过在中间级引入环网络,解决了现有大容量分组交换网络无法兼顾良好性能和可扩展性的问题.理论分析和仿真结果表明该网络具有良好的性能和可扩展性.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFB3800104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51822203,52002140,U20A20252,51861145404,62105293,62205187)+4 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,the Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of HUST(2020KFYXJJS008)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(ZRJQ2022000408)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20180507182257563)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223032)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory of China(OVL2021BG008)。
文摘Over the last decade,remarkable progress has been made in metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which have been a focus of emerging photovoltaic techniques and show great potential for commercialization.However,the upscaling of small-area PSCs to large-area solar modules to meet the demands of practical applications remains a significant challenge.The scalable production of high-quality perovskite films by a simple,reproducible process is crucial for resolving this issue.Furthermore,the crystallization behavior in the solution-processed fabrication of perovskite films can be strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the precursor inks,which are significantly affected by the employed solvents and their interactions with the solutes.Thus,a comprehensive understanding of solvent engineering for fabricating perovskite films over large areas is urgently required.In this paper,we first analyze the role of solvents in the solution-processed fabrication of large-area perovskite films based on the classical crystal nucleation and growth mechanism.Recent efforts in solvent engineering to improve the quality of perovskite films for solar modules are discussed.Finally,the basic principles and future challenges of solvent system design for scalable fabrication of high-quality perovskite films for efficient solar modules are proposed.
文摘Superlattice photonic crystals (SPhCs) possess considerablepotentials as building blocks for constructing high-performancedevices because of their great flexibilities in opticalmanipulation. From the prospective of practical applications,scalable fabrication of SPhCs with large-area uniformity and precisegeometrical controllability has been considered as one prerequisitebut still remains a challenge.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0707003 and 2019YFE0114100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 51872007)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7202094).
文摘Perovskite solar cells have reached a power-conversion efficiency(PCE) of 25.6%,showing great potential with reliable moisture and heat stability.Most results are achieved on small-area devices,using conventional thin-film processing technologies like spin-coating method.However,such approaches may not be upscaled for large-area substrates.Thus,strategies and materials need to be developed for manufacturing processing routes to realize future commercial photovoltaic fabrications.Notable results have been achieved on large-area perovskite solar cells.In this review,similarities and differences of large-area perovskite fabrication mechanisms between the various pathways are investigated,especially on the parameters affecting the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics.Moreover,the methods for large-area transporting layers and electrodes are discussed,and some key issues from cells to modules.Challenges and opportunities are proposed to pave the way of high-efficiency perovskite solar modules.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51901093 and 52172205)the Science Foundation of Gansu Province Building Energy Saving(No.JK2021-10)the Hongliu Distinguished Young Talent Support Program of Lanzhou University of Technology.
文摘Halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials due to the outstanding photoelectric properties and low-cost solution pro-cess;however,the low scalability and reproducibility of perovskite films hinder the commercialization.Liquid medium annealing(LMA)method has provided a robust liquid environment and an omnidirectional heating field to modulate the growth of perovskite films for high quality with low defect density,desirable stoichiometry,high homogeneity,and less environmental influence.The fabricated perovskite solar cells exhibited excellent reproducibility and power conversion efficiencies exceeding 24.04%with 0.08 cm^(2) area and 23.15%with 1 cm^(2) area.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20070410662)
文摘Fabric is a kind of turbid materials with strong light scattering, to which the Kubelka-Munk theory can be applied to describe it optical behavior. In this paper, the light absorption coefficients of dyestuff in fabrics are obtained by test and calculation through a special method proposed by the authors. Then the optical behaviours of dyestuff in fabric are studied. Results show that, the absorption coefficient of dye in fabric is non-scalable and exponential to dye concentration in fabric which is totally different from that of the dye in transparent media like water.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975106 and 21403232)MOE&SAFEA,111 Project(B13025)for financial support.
文摘The development of a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst for nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)wastewater valorization to ammonia(NH_(3))is a promising strategy.However,it is challenging to design scalable low-cost electrocatalysts with high activity,high selectivity,and long-term stability by a facile and simple method.Herein,we construct this scalable Cu-based nanoarray with muti-oxidation states grown directly on nickel foam(NF)substrate(Cu_(2+1)O@Cu/NF)using a facile molten salt method combined in-situ electrochemical reduction.The as-prepared Cu_(2+1)O@Cu/NF nanoarrays reveal a high NH_(3) yield of 20.14 mg h^(−1) cm^(−2) at−0.95 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE),Faradaic efficiency of 99.38%at−0.55 V vs.RHE in the neutral potassium phosphate(PBS)buffer solution with 50 mM NaNO_(3),which is ascribed to its electron redistribution with abundant oxygen vacancies and favorable charge/mass transfer.
基金supported by the research grant from Bangladesh University of Textiles,Dhaka,Bangladesh.
文摘Developing a scalable process is critical to manufacture conductive fabric for commercial applications.This paper describes a scalable coating process that is compatible with existing industrial finishing processes of fabrics.In this process,the fabric is continuously dipped in water-based metal salt and the reducing agent solution to impart conductive particles on the fiber surface.After 10 consecutive cycles of dip coating,the fabric shows 6Ω/in.of resistance.The process is tuned to minimize process cost and material cost,and maximize the durability of the fabric.This paper also introduces an easy protective coating technique of the conductive fabric that improves the durability of the conductive fabric without sacrificing the comfort properties of textile fabrics such as breathability and flexibility.The encapsulated conductive fabric shows good air-permeability and it is 6.96 cm^(3)/cm^(2)/s.Moreover,the conductivity of the encapsulated fabric is quite stable after four accelerated washing cycles.Additionally,the fabric remains conductive on the surfaces and is suitable for using as a conductive track and connectors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.90604029 (国家自然科学基金)the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2003CB314801 (国家重点基础研究发展计划(973))
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.90604029 (国家自然科学基金)the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No.2003CB314801 (国家重点基础研究发展计划(973))
